Project Name:	GRUB for DOS
Ŀƣdosµgrub
Definition:	A GRUB build for DOS with extensions for disk drive emulation.
壺dosеgrubд̷չ
Current Version:	0.4.1
µİ汾0.4.1
Author:		Tinybit(tinybit@tom.com)
ߣ		(tinybit@tom.com)
File Format:	DOS EXE executable
ļʽ	dosĿִexeļ
Purpose:	Launch GRUB boot loader from within DOS
Ŀģ		dosgrub
Circumstanced Use:	in CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT
ʹû		 CONFIG.SYS  AUTOEXEC.BATļ
Ability:	Boot any installed operating system on your PC
		ĵװκβϵͳ
Limitations:	GRUB.EXE only runs in real mode DOS. It cannot run from a DOS
		BOX inside Windows. Besides, GRUB cannot run if EMM386.EXE in
		CONFIG.SYS line is loaded. Similarly it does not run if some
		TSR programs is running.
ƣ		GRUB.EXE ֻʵģʽdosСwindowsdosڡ
		⣬CONFIG.SYSļмEMM386.EXEgrubͲС
		ͬһЩtsrУҲС
		Currently runs on MS-DOS 3.30, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 6.20. 6.21, 6.22,
			7.0(Win95), 7.10(Win98), 8.0(WinME/NT/2000/XP), and
			FreeDOS(build 2029 and hopefully more future builds).
		 MS-DOS 3.30, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 6.20. 6.21, 6.22,
			7.0(Win95), 7.10(Win98), 8.0(WinME/NT/2000/XP), 
			FreeDOS(2029汾Ҳ֧汾).
		Currently could not return to DOS after GRUB.EXE was started.
		grub.exeܷdos.

Copyright(C):	Tinybit(tinybit@163.net)
Ȩעᣩ	(tinybit@163.net)
License:	GNU GPL(see file COPYING)
֤	GNU֤ͨοļCOPYING
		source available as diff patches to the GNU GRUB release.
		See the shell script COMPILE for more info.
		ԴļGNU GRUBdiffķʽṩ
		ϸοshellűļCOMPILE.

WARRANTY:	NO WARRANTY(see file COPYING)
֤		ûб֤οļCOPYING
TO DO:		Build for running on other DOS versions.
ƻɣ	ʹܹ汾dos
Usage:
ʹ÷
			GRUB [ --config-file=FILE ]
		FILE,磬(hd0,0)/boot/grub/menu.lst
		The FILE, for example, can be (hd0,0)/boot/grub/menu.lst
		CONFIG.SYS£
		In CONFIG.SYS, the line looks like:
		
			install=c:\some\where\grub.exe --config-file=FILE
		ûṩѡGRUB.EXE 򵥵ʹļ
		If no options present, GRUB.EXE simply uses
		
			(hd0,0)/boot/grub/menu.lst
		ΪļֻҪļڡ
		as the configure file, if it exists.
		 (hd0,0)Windows Linux
		The partition (hd0,0) can be a Windows partition or a Linux
		GRUBֵ֧κεķ
		partition, or any other partition type supported by GRUB.
		£FILE ǲ˵ݡʹ÷ָֺǶFILE
		Update: FILE can be the contents of a menu. Use semi-colon
		to delimitate the embedded commands here in FILE. The FIL
		FILEԷһ˫ţ磺
		can be enclosed with a pair of double-quotes. For example:

			GRUB --config-file="root (hd0,0);chainloader +1"
		(hd0,0)еϵͳ
		This command will boot the system in (hd0,0).
		һ
		Another example:

			GRUB --config-file="reboot"
		
		This command will reboot the machine.
		һӣ
		One more example:

			GRUB --config-file="halt"
		ֹͣ
		This command will halt the machine.

--------------------------------------------------------
FTP site:	(temporarily) ftp://ftp.linuxeden.com/tinybit/
FTPվ㣺       ʱģ ftp://ftp.linuxeden.com/tinybit/

Web site:	http://grub4dos.freespaces.com/
վ㣺	http://grub4dos.freespaces.com/

Web site:	http://grub4dos.freespaces.com/
վ㣺  	http://grub4dos.freespaces.com/

Web site:	http://newdos.yginfo.net/grubdos.htm (Thanks to Wengier)
վ㣺	http://newdos.yginfo.net/grubdos.htm лWengier

Web site:	http://grub4dos.sourceforge.net/ (WinGRUB by bean123)
վ㣺	http://grub4dos.sourceforge.net/ (bean123WinGRUB)

Web site:	http://grub.linuxeden.com/ (scratchpad, mainly in Chinese)
վ㣺	http://grub.linuxeden.com/ (ǩ, վҪʹ)

Update 1:	Version 0.2.0 also brings out a new thing, GRUB for NTLDR,
		which could be used to boot into GRUB from the boot menu
		of Windows NT/2000/XP. Copy GRLDR to the root directory of
		drive C: of Windows NT/2000/XP and append to C:\BOOT.INI
		this line:
1		汾0.2.0һ¹ܡNTLDRGRUB
		ܹWindows NT/2000/XP˵GRUB
		GRLDR Windows NT/2000/XPCĿ¼ C:\BOOT.INI
		ļмһУ
			C:\GRLDR="Start GRUB"

		That will be done. The GRLDR should be in the same directory
		as BOOT.INI and NTLDR. Even if the drive letter of this disk
		has been changed to other than C by Windows device manager,
		it seems you still have to use the letter C here in BOOT.INI,
		otherwise, NTLDR might fail to locate the GRLDR file. Besides,
		the filename GRLDR in the root directory must be unchanged. If
		the partition type is NTFS, you should also place the same
		copy of GRLDR and menu.lst in the root directory of an
		FAT12/16/32 partition according to the following NOTICE.
		ˡGRLDR ӦBOOT.INI  NTLDRλͬĿ¼
		ʹ̵ķѾWindows豸ΪCķţ
		ԱBOOT.INIʹ÷C NTLDR 
		GRLDRļ⣬ڸĿ¼GRLDRļԱı䡣
		ͨ棬NTFSӦҲGRLDR menu.lst
		һFAT12/16/32 ĸĿ¼
ע⣡
Notice!		In the future, we will remove NTFS support. For Windows users,
		please create an FAT partition and place GRLDR and menu.lst
		there. From now on, please don't report bugs relevant to NTFS.
		ԺǽȥNTFS֧֡Windowsû
		봴FAR GRLDR  menu.lst
		ڿʼ벻ҪйNTFSĳȱݡ
		Someone reports that Windows XP with newer SPs and Windows
		Vista have intentionally broken the compatiblity with many
		things(including GRLDR). So you will get into trouble with
		these systems.
		˱˵ Windows XP  Windows Vista 
		ȥܶණļԣGRLDRʹЩϵͳʱ
		鷳

Update 2:	GRUB for Linux is also introduced along with 0.2.0. You can
		boot grub using a linux loader KEXEC, LILO, SYSLINUX or another
		GRUB. (GRUB4LIN has merged into GRUB.EXE)
2		LinuxµGRUBҲ 0.2.0
		ʹlinuxKEXEC,LILO,SYSLINUXһGRUBgrub
		GRUB4LINѾϲGRUB.EXEС

		To boot GRUB off Linux, use this pair of commands:
		ҪLinuxGRUBʹһ
			kexec -l grub.exe
			kexec -e

		To boot GRUB via GRUB, use commands like the following:
		ҪͨGRUBGRUBʹµ
			kernel (hd0,0)/grub.exe
			boot

		To boot GRUB via LILO, use these lines in lilo.conf:
		ҪͨLILOGRUBlilo.confмЩУ
			image=/boot/grub.exe
			label=grub.exe

		To boot GRUB via SYSLINUX, use these lines in syslinux.cfg:
		ҪͨSYSLINUXGRUBsyslinux.cfgмЩУ
			label grub.exe
			kernel grub.exe

		LOADLIN may encounter problems when loading grub.exe, because
		grub.exe requires some unchanged original BIOS interrupt
		vectors, but DOS has destroyed them, and loadlin does not
		recover them before it transfers control to grub.exe.
		LOADLINGRUB.EXEʱܻ⣬ԭ
		grub.exeҪδܸıԭBIOSж
		DOSƻЩжloadlinڽȨgrub.exeǰ
		ûнǻָ

Update 3:	Beginning at version 0.4.0, GRUB for DOS supports memdrives.
		Example:
3		Ӱ汾0.4.0ʼdosµGRUB֧ڴ
		磺
			# boot into a floppy image
			# һӳ
			map --mem (hd0,0)/floppy.img (fd0)
			map --hook
			chainloader (fd0)+1
			rootnoverify (fd0)
			map --floppies=1
			boot

		Because the image will be copied to a memory area, the image
		itself can be non-contiguous and even gzipped.
		ڴӳ񽫱һڴ򣬴ӳǷģ
		Ǳѹġ
		Another Example:
		һӣ
			map --mem=-2880 (hd0,0)/floppy.img (fd0)

		This memdrive (fd0) will occupy at least 1440 KB of memory.
		This is useful when the size of a 1.44M-floppy image is less
		than 1440 KB.
		ڴfd0ռ1440ǧֽڵڴ档
		1.44Mӳ1440ǧֽڣõ˲
		One more example:
		һӣ
			map --mem --read-only (hd0,0)/hd.img (hd1)

		This memdrive is a hard drive, and read-only. That means you
		will not be able to write data to the memdrive (hd1).
		ڴһֻӲ̡ζ㽫ܽд
		ڴhd1С
		You can use many memdrives and many ordinary virtual emulated
		disk-based drives at the same time.
		ͬʱʹúܶڴͺܶͨĻڴ̵
		If the BIOS does not support int15/EAX=e820h, you will not be
		able to use any memdrives.
		BIOS֧жint15/EAX=e820h㽫ʹκڴ

Update 4:	For memdrive emulation, a single-partition image can be used
		instead of a whole-harddrive image. Example:
4		ڴʹһһӳ
		һһӲӳӣ
			map --mem (hd0,7)/win98.img (hd0)
			map --hook
			chainloader (hd0)+1
			rootnoverify (hd0)
			map --harddrives=1
			boot

		Here win98.img is a partition image without the leading MBR
		and partition table in it. Surely GRUB for DOS will build a
		MBR and partition table for the memdrive (hd0).
		win98.imgһӳǰͷûMBRͷȻdosµGRUB
		Ϊڴ (hd0)һMBRͷ

Update 5:	Now GRLDR can be used as a no-emulation-mode bootable CD-ROM
		boot image. Example for Linux users:
5		µGRLDR Ƿģʽ  ̵ֻӳ
		磬linuxûʹ
			mkdir iso_root
			cp grldr iso_root
			mkisofs -R -b grldr -no-emul-boot -boot-load-seg 0x1000 -o bootable.iso iso_root

Update 6:	The Chinese special build is in the "chinese" subdirectory.
		(patched by Gandalf, 2005-06-27)
6		Ļرİ汾"chinese" Ŀ¼
		Gandalf򲹶2005-06-27
		The Chinese special build also has scdrom builtin.
		Ļرİ汾ͬʱڸscdromܡ

Update 7:	Added memory drive (md). Like (nd) for network drive and (cd)
		for CD-ROM drive, a new drive (md) is implemented for accessing
		the whole memory as a disk drive. (md) only works for systems
		with BIOS int15/EAX=E820h support.
7		ڴmdnd
		cdֻµmdΪʵֽȫڴΪ
		һʡֻϵͳ֧BIOSжint15/EAX=E820h
		mdܹ
		
		The cat command now has a few new options: --hex for hexdump,
		and --locate=STRING for string search in file.
		catµѡ --hex תʮ
		Typical examples:
		͵ӣ
			cat --hex (hd0)+1

		It will display the MBR sector in hex form.
		ʮʾMBR
			cat --hex (md)+2

		It will display 1KB of your memory(in fact, it is the real-mode
		IDT table), also in hexdump form.
		ʾڴ1ǧֽڵݣʵϣʵģʽIDT
		Ҳʮʽ֡
			cat --hex (md)0x800+1

		It will display 1 sector of your extended memory.
		ʾչڴһ
			cat --hex (hd0,0)+1

		It will display the first sector of partition (hd0,0). Usually
		this sector contains the boot record of an operating system.
		ʾhd0,0ĵһͨϵͳ¼

Update 8:	Added ram drive (rd). The (md) device accesses the memory
		starting at physical address 0. But (rd) accesses memory
		starting at any base address. The base and length of the ram
		drive can be specified through the map command. "help map" for
		details. You can even specify the BIOS drive number used for
		the (rd) drive, e.g., map --ram-drive=0xf0. The default drive
		number for (rd) is 0x7F which is a floppy. If (rd) is a hard
		drive image, you should change the drive number to a value
		greater than or equal to 0x80(but should avoid using 0xff,
		because 0xff is for the (md) device).
8		rd.(md)豸ڴ濪ʼַ0
		rdʿʼκλַڴ档Ļַ볤ȿ
		ͨmapָҪ֪áhelp mapָܹ
		rdBIOS롣磺map --ram-drive=0xf0Ĭϵ
		rdĺ0x7Fĺ롣(rd) ӲӳӦ
		ıڵ0x80Ӧֹʹ0xffΪ0xffmd豸ġ

Update 9:	Directly boot NTLDR of WinNT/2K/XP and IO.SYS of Win9x/ME and
		KERNEL.SYS of FreeDOS. Examples:
		ֱ WinNT/2K/XP  NTLDR  Win9x/ME  IO.SYS, Լ
		FreeDOS  KERNEL.SYS. 磺

		chainloader [--edx=0xPPDD] (hd0,0)/ntldr
		boot

		chainloader [--edx=0xDD] (hd0,0)/io.sys
		boot

		chainloader [--ebx=0xDD] (hd0,0)/kernel.sys
		boot

		The hex DD specifies the boot drive number, and PP specifies
		the boot partition number of NTLDR. If the boot drive is
		floppy, PP should be the hex value ff.
		DD ̵ָ BIOS 룬PP ָ NTLDR š
		̣PP Ӧȡʮֵ ff

		For KERNEL.SYS of FreeDOS, the --edx won't work,
		use --ebx please.
		 FreeDOS  KERNEL.SYS ˵--edx ã
		---ebx 档

		Bean has successfully decompressed and booted IO.SYS of WinME.
		Thanks for the great job!
		Bean ɹؽѹ WinME  IO.SYSлɫĹ

--------------------------------------------------------

	There is no full documentation in English at present. Here are some
	examples showing the usage of disk emulation commands:
	ûȫӢļһЩʾ̷

1.	Emulates HD partition C: as floppy drive A: and boot win98 from C:
1.	CӲ̷ΪAҴCwin98:
		map --read-only (hd0,0)+1 (fd0)
		chainloader (hd0,0)+1
		rootnoverify (hd0)
		boot

	In the above example, (hd0,0) is drive C: with win98 on it. After win98
	boot complete, you will find that A: contains all files of C:, and if
	you delete files in A:, the files in C: will also disappear.
	У(hd0,0)Cװwin98win98ϣ㽫
	ACļɾAļCļҲͬʱʧ

	At the map command line, the notation (hdm,n)+1 is interpreted to
	represent the whole partition (hdm,n), not just the first sector of the
	partition.
	mapУ (hdm,n)+1 ͳɴ(hdm,n)Ǵ˷
	ĵһ

2.	Emulates HD partition C: as floppy drive A: and boot win98 from A:
2.	CӲ̷ΪAҴAwin98:
		map --read-only (hd0,0)+1 (fd0)
		map --hook
		chainloader (fd0)+1
		rootnoverify (fd0)
		map --floppies=1
		boot

	After the "map --hook" command, the emulation takes effect instantly
	even in the GRUB command line.
	"map --hook"֮󣬷ЧʹGRUBС

	Note that the (fd0) in "chainloader (fd0)+1" is the emulated virtual
	floppy A:, not the real floppy diskette(because map is hooked now).
	ע"chainloader (fd0)+1" (fd0)ǷAʵ
	Ϊmapڱ𡣣

3.	Emulates an image file as floppy drive A: and boot win98 from C:
3.	ӳļΪAҴCwin98:

		map --read-only (hd0,0)/floppy.img (fd0)
		chainloader (hd0,0)+1
		rootnoverify (hd0)
		map --floppies=1
		map --harddrives=1
		boot

4.	Emulates an HD partition as the first hard disk and boot DOS from it:
4.	һӲ̷ΪһӲ̣֮DOS
		map --read-only (hd2,6)+1 (hd0)
		map --hook
		chainloader (hd0,0)+1
		rootnoverify (hd0)
		map --harddrives=1
		boot

	In this example, (hd2,6)+1 represents an extended logical DOS partition
	of the third BIOS hard disk (hd2).
	У(hd2,6)+1˵BIOSӲ̣hd2һչ߼DOS

	If a DOS partition is used to emulate a hard disk, GRUB for DOS will
	first try to locate the partition table, usually 63 sectors ahead of
	the DOS partition. GRUB for DOS will refuse the emulation if the
	partition table is not there.
	һDOSڷһӲ̣GRUB for DOSŶλ
	ͨDOS֮ǰ63GRUB for DOSܾ
	з档

5.	Emulates an image file as the first hard disk and boot DOS from it:
5.	һӳļΪһӲ̣֮DOS
		map --read-only (hd0,0)/harddisk.img (hd0)
		chainloader --load-length=512 (hd0,0)/harddisk.img
		rootnoverify (hd0)
		map --harddrives=1
		boot

	If an image file is used to emulate a hard disk, the image file must
	contain an MBR. In other word, the first sector of HARDDISK.IMG must
	contain the partition table of the emulated virtual hard disk.
	һӳļڷӲ̣ӳļ¼Ҳ˵
	HARDDISK.IMGĵһӲ̵ķ
--------------------------------------------------------
	
	Floppies/harddisks of any size can be emulated with GRUB for DOS 0.2.0.
	GRUB for DOS 0.2.0ܹκδС/Ӳ̡

	Image file must be contiguous, or else GRUB for DOS will refuse it.
	ӳļģGRUB for DOS ܾ档

	Type "help map" at the GRUB prompt to get a brief description of the
	command.
	GRUBʾд"help map"ȡôļ̵

	The form 
	ʽ
		map ... (fd?)
	
	is a floppy emulation, and the form
	һ̡ʽ
		map ... (hd?)
	
	is a hard disk emulation.
	һӲ̡

	When a HARD DISK emulation is used, better not start Windows for
	security reasons. Windows may even destroy all data and all information
	on all your real hard disks!!!!!!!!
	ڰȫԭ򣬵ʹһӲʱòÿWindowsWindows ƻ
	ʵӲϵеݺϢ

	Update for --mem: when --mem is used, it seems rather safe even after
	entering Windows. Win98 can operate the memdrive normally.
	--memʹ--memʱǰӰȫˣԽWindows
	Win98 زڴ̡

	Windows NT/2000/XP does not recognize the drives emulated with or
	without the --mem option.
	Windows NT/2000/XP ϳ̣Ƿʹ--mem ѡ
******************************************************************************
***   Explanation of the grldr-bootable floppies or harddisk partitions    ***
******************************************************************************
grldr̻Ӳ̷
1. Ext2 Boot Sector/Boot Record Layout (for loading grldr)
1.Ext2 /¼Ĳãgrldr
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A sample floppy image is ext2grldr.img within the GRUB for DOS release. Copy
grldr and an optional menu.lst to the root dir of the filesystem inside the
image, and the image is then a GRUB-bootable floppy image. Note that the first
sector of ext2grldr.img is exactly the same as the fifth sector of grldr.
һӳGRUB for DOSڵext2grldr.imggrldr Ϳѡmenu.lst
ӳļϵͳĸĿ¼ӳͳΪһgrldrӳע
ext2grldr.imgĵһgrldrȫͬ

Offset	Length	Description
ƫ      
======	======	==============================================================
00h	2	Machine code for short jump over the data.
		תָĻ롣

02h	1	LBA indicator. Valid values are 0x02 for CHS mode, or 0x42 for
		LBA mode.
		߼ַָʾ롣ЧֵΪ0x02CHSģʽ0x42߼ַģʽ

		If the BIOS int13 supports LBA, this byte can be safely set to
		0x42.
		BIOS ж13 ֧߼ַֽڿ԰ȫΪ0x42

		Some USB BIOSes might have bugs when using CHS mode, so the
		format program should set this byte to 0x42. It seems that
		(generally) all USB BIOSes have LBA support.
		һЩUSB BIOSʹCHS ʽʱܴڳ棬ԸʽӦЩֽ
		Ϊ0x42ͨUSB BIOS߼ַ֧֡

		If the format program does not know whether the BIOS has LBA
		support, it may operate this way:
		ʽ֪BIOSǷ֧߼ַ԰½в

		if (partition_start + total_sectors_in_partition) exceeds the
		CHS addressing ability(especially when it is greater than
		1024*256*63), the caller should set this byte to 0x42,
		otherwise, set to 0x02.
		ĿʼַϷCHS ĵַ
		رǵ1024*256*63óӦôֽΪ0x42,
		ҪΪ0x02

		Note that Windows98 uses the value 0x0e as the LBA indicator.
		עWindows98ʹ0x0eΪ߼ַָʾ롣

03h	10	OEM name string (of OS which formatted the disk).
		ʼ豸쳧ַԸô̽иʽĲϵͳң
0Dh	1	Sectors per block. Valid values are 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32.
		ÿЧֵ2, 4, 8, 16  32
0Eh	2	Bytes per block. Valid values are 0x400, 0x800, 0x1000, 0x2000
		and 0x4000.
		ÿֽЧֵ0x400, 0x800, 0x1000, 0x2000  0x4000

10h	4	Pointers in pointers-per-block blocks, that is, number of
		blocks covered by a double-indirect block.
		pointers-per-blockָĿһָ
		ǵĿ

		Valid values are 0x10000, 0x40000, 0x100000, 0x400000 and
		0x1000000.
		Чֵ0x10000, 0x40000, 0x100000, 0x400000 	0x1000000

14h	4	Pointers per block, that is, number of blocks covered by an
		indirect block.
		ÿָ룬ӿĿ

		Valid values are 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, 0x800, 0x1000.
		Чֵ0x100, 0x200, 0x400, 0x800, 0x1000

18h	2	Sectors per track.
		ÿŵ

1Ah	2	Number of heads/sides.
		ͷ/

1Ch	4	Number of hidden sectors (those preceding the boot sector).
		λ֮ǰ

		Also referred to as the starting sector of the partition.
		Ҳ˰Ŀʼ

		For floppies, it should be 0.
		̣ӦΪ0

20h	4	Total number of sectors in the filesystem(or in the partition).
		ļϵͳҲǱ

24h	1	BIOS drive number of the boot device.
		豸BIOS̺롣

		Actually this byte is ignored for read. The boot code will
		write DL onto this byte. The BIOS or the caller should set
		drive number in DL.
		ʵϴֽڶʱԡ뽫DLĴֵд뵽ֽڡ BIOS
		óӦDLĴ豸BIOS̺롣

		We assume all BIOSes pass correct drive number in DL.
		Buggy BIOSes are not supported!!
		ǼٶBIOSȷĴ̺뵽DLСֵBIOS֧֡

25h	1	Partition number of this partition on the boot drive.
		ϴ˷ķ롣

		0, 1, 2, 3 are primary partitions.
		4, 5, 6, ... are logical partitions in the extended partition.
		0, 1, 2, 3 
		4, 5, 6, ... չϵ߼

		0xff is for whole drive. So for floppies, it should be 0xff.
		0xff ̡Զ̣Ӧ0xff

26h	2	reserved.
		

28h	4	Number of inodes per group.
		ÿiڵ

		Normally a 1.44M floppy has only one group, and the total
		number of inodes is 184. So the value should be	184 or
		greater.
		ͨ1.44Mֻһ飬ܵiڵ184ԴֵӦΪ184

2Ch	4	The block number for group descriptors.
		Ŀ롣

		Valid values are 2 for 1024-byte blocks, and 1 otherwise.
		Чֵ1024ֽڵĿ飬21

		The value here is equal to (s_first_data_block + 1).
		ֵ(s_first_data_block + 1)

30h	462	Machine code.
		롣
1FEh	2	Boot Signature AA55h.
		ǩAA55h

2. FAT12/FAT16 Boot Sector/Boot Record Layout (for loading grldr)
2. FAT12/FAT16 /¼Ĳãgrldr
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A sample floppy image is fat12grldr.img within the GRUB for DOS release. Copy
grldr and an optional menu.lst to the root dir of the filesystem inside the
image, and the image is then a GRUB-bootable floppy image. Note that the first
sector of fat12grldr.img is exactly the same as the fourth sector of grldr.
һӳGRUB for DOSڵfat12grldr.imggrldr Ϳѡmenu.lst
ӳļϵͳĸĿ¼ӳͳΪһgrldrӳע
fat12grldr.imgĵһgrldrȫͬ

Offset	Length	Description
ƫ      
======	======	==============================================================
00h	2	Machine code for short jump over the data.
		תָĻ롣

02h	1	LBA indicator. Valid values are 0x90 for CHS mode, or 0x0e for
		LBA mode.
		߼ַָʾ롣ЧֵΪ0x90CHSģʽ0x0e߼ַģʽ

		If the BIOS int13 supports LBA, this byte can be safely set to
		0x0e.
		BIOS ж13 ֧߼ַֽڿ԰ȫΪ0x0e

		Some USB BIOSes might have bugs when using CHS mode, so the
		format program should set this byte to 0x0e. It seems that
		(generally) all USB BIOSes have LBA support.
		һЩUSB BIOSʹCHS ʽʱܴڳ棬ԸʽӦЩֽ
		Ϊ0x0eͨUSB BIOS߼ַ֧֡

		If the format program does not know whether the BIOS has LBA
		support, it may operate this way:
		ʽ֪BIOSǷ֧߼ַ԰½в

		if (partition_start + total_sectors_in_partition) exceeds the
		CHS addressing ability(especially when it is greater than
		1024*256*63), the caller should set this byte to 0x0e,
		otherwise, set to 0x90.
		ĿʼַϷCHS ĵַ
		رǵ1024*256*63óӦôֽΪ0x0e,
		ҪΪ0x90

03h	8	OEM name string (of OS which formatted the disk).
		ʼ豸쳧ַԸô̽иʽĲϵͳң

0Bh	2	Bytes per sector. Must be 512.
		ÿ512

0Dh	1	Sectors per cluster. Valid values are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
		and 128. But a cluster size larger than 32K should not occur.
		ÿصЧֵ1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 128ÿسߴ
		32KӦ

0Eh	2	Reserved sectors(number of sectors before the first FAT,
		including the boot sector), usually 1.
		һļ֮ǰͨ1

10h	1	Number of FATs(nearly always 2).
		ļ2

11h	2	Maximum number of root directory entries.
		Ŀ¼

13h	2	Total number of sectors (for small disks only, if the disk is
		too big this is set to 0 and offset 20h is used instead).
		С̣̫Ϊ0ƫ
		20hĿģ

15h	1	Media descriptor byte, pretty meaningless now (see below).
		ýֽڣڸô˽Ѿû̫ˣ£

16h	2	Sectors per FAT.
		ÿļ

18h	2	Sectors per track.
		ÿŵ

1Ah	2	Total number of heads/sides.
		ͷҲ棩

1Ch	4	Number of hidden sectors (those preceding the boot sector).
		λ֮ǰ

		Also referred to as the starting sector of the partition.
		Ҳ˵ǷĿʼ
		
		For floppies, it should be 0.
		̣ӦΪ0

20h	4	Total number of sectors for large disks.
		̵

24h	1	BIOS drive number of the boot device.
		豸BIOS̺롣
		
		Actually this byte is ignored for read. The boot code will
		write DL onto this byte. The BIOS or the caller should set
		drive number in DL.
		ʵϴֽڶʱԡ뽫дDLֽڡ BIOS
		óӦDLô̺롣

		We assume all BIOSes pass correct drive number in DL.
		Buggy BIOSes are not supported!!
		ǼٶBIOSDLдȷĴ̺롣ֵBIOS֧֡

25h	1	Partition number of this filesystem in the boot drive.
		ļϵͳķ롣

		This byte is ignored for read. The boot code will write
		partition number onto this byte. See offset 41h below.
		ֽڶʱԡ뽫д뵽ֽڡ
		μƫ41h

26h	1	Signature (must be 28h or 29h to be recognised by NT).
		ǩ֣28h29hԱܹNTϳ

27h	4	Volume serial number.
		ϵк롣

2Bh	11	Volume label.
		ıǩ

36h	8	File system ID. "FAT12   ", "FAT16   " or "FAT     ".
		ļϵͳID"FAT12   ", "FAT16   "  "FAT     "

3Eh	1	opcode for "cli".
		"cli"Ĳ롣

3Fh	1	opcode for "cld".
		"cld"Ĳ롣

40h	1	opcode for "mov dh, imm8".
		"mov dh, imm8"Ĳ롣
41h	1	Partition number of this partition on the boot drive.
		ϴ˷ķ롣

		0, 1, 2, 3 are primary partitions.
		4, 5, 6, ... are logical partitions in the extended partition.
		0, 1, 2, 3 
		4, 5, 6, ... չϵ߼

		0xff is for whole drive. So for floppies, it should be 0xff.
		0xff ̡Զ̣Ӧ0xff

42h	442	Machine code.
		ָ롣

1FCh	4	Boot Signature AA550000h. (Win9x uses 4 bytes as magic value)
		ǩAA550000hWin9xʹ4ֽΪħֵ

3. FAT32 Boot Sector/Boot Record Layout (for loading grldr)
2. FAT32/¼Ĳãgrldr
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A FAT32 partition can be GRUB-bootable. Copy grldr and an optional menu.lst to
the root dir of the FAT32 partition, and build the boot sector based on the
third sector of grldr(some fields need to be changed as detailed in the
following table). That is ok, the FAT32 partition is then GRUB-bootable.
һFAT32ܹΪGRUBķgrldr Ϳѡmenu.lst
FAT32ĸĿ¼grldrһЩطҪı䣬μ
ı񣩡ͿˣFAT32ȻܹΪGRUBķ

Offset	Length	Description
ƫ      
======	======	==============================================================
00h	2	Machine code for short jump over the data.
		תָĻ롣

02h	1	LBA indicator. Valid values are 0x90 for CHS mode, or 0x0e for
		LBA mode.
		߼ַָʾ롣ЧֵΪ0x90CHSģʽ0x0e߼ַģʽ

		If the BIOS int13 supports LBA, this byte can be safely set to
		0x0e.
		BIOS ж13 ֧߼ַֽڿ԰ȫΪ0x0e

		Some USB BIOSes might have bugs when using CHS mode, so the
		format program should set this byte to 0x0e. It seems that
		(generally) all USB BIOSes have LBA support.
		һЩUSB BIOSʹCHS ʽʱܴڳ棬ԸʽӦЩֽ
		Ϊ0x0eͨUSB BIOS֧߼ַ

		If the format program does not know whether the BIOS has LBA
		support, it may operate this way:
		ʽ֪BIOSǷ֧߼ַ԰½в

		if (partition_start + total_sectors_in_partition) exceeds the
		CHS addressing ability(especially when it is greater than
		1024*256*63), the caller should set this byte to 0x0e,
		otherwise, set to 0x90.
		ĿʼַϷCHS ĵַ
		رǵ1024*256*63óӦôֽΪ0x0e,
		ҪΪ0x90

03h	8	OEM name string (of OS which formatted the disk).
		ʼ豸쳧ַԸô̽иʽĲϵͳң

0Bh	2	Bytes per sector. Must be 512.
		ÿ512

0Dh	1	Sectors per cluster. Valid values are 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64
		and 128. But a cluster size larger than 32K should not occur.
		ÿصЧֵ1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 128ÿسߴ
		32KӦ

0Eh	2	Reserved sectors(number of sectors before the first FAT,
		including the boot sector), usually 1.
		һļ֮ǰͨ1

10h	1	Number of FATs(nearly always 2).
		ļ2

11h	2	(Maximum number of root directory entries)Must be 0.
		Ŀ¼0

13h	2	(Total number of sectors for small disks only)Must be 0.
		С̵0

15h	1	Media descriptor byte, pretty meaningless now (see below).
		ýֽڣѾû̫ˣ£

16h	2	(Sectors per FAT)Must be 0.
		ÿļ0

18h	2	Sectors per track.
		ÿŵ

1Ah	2	Total number of heads/sides.
		ͷ/

1Ch	4	Number of hidden sectors (those preceding the boot sector).
		λ֮ǰ

		Also referred to as the starting sector of the partition.
		Ҳ˵ǷĿʼ

		For floppies, it should be 0.
		̣ӦΪ0

20h	4	Total number of sectors for large disks.
		̵

24h	4	FAT32 sectors per FAT.
		ÿļFAT32

28h	2	If bit 7 is clear then all FATs are updated, otherwise bits
		0-3 give the current active FAT, all other bits are reserved.
		7λ㣬ļ£λ0-3ڻ
		ļλ

2Ah	2	High byte is major revision number, low byte is minor revision
		number, currently both are 0.
		ֽ޶룬ֽС޶룬ڶ0

2Ch	4	Root directory starting cluster.
		Ŀ¼ʼء

30h	2	File system information sector.
		ļϵͳϢ

32h	2	If non-zero this gives the sector which holds a copy of the
		boot record, usually 6.
		㣬¼ıݵͨ6

34h	12	Reserved, set to 0.
		Ϊ0

40h	1	BIOS drive number of the boot device.
		װõBIOS̺롣

		80h is first HDD, 00h is first FDD.
		һӲ80hһ00h
 
		Actually this byte is ignored for read. The boot code will
		write DL onto this byte. The BIOS or the caller should set
		drive number in DL.
		ʵϴֽڶʱԡ뽫дDLֽڡ BIOS
		óӦDLô̺롣

		We assume all BIOSes pass correct drive number in DL.
		Buggy BIOSes are not supported!!
		ǼٶBIOSDLдȷĴ̺롣ֵBIOS֧֡

41h	1	Partition number of this filesystem in the boot drive.
		ļϵͳķ롣

		This byte is ignored for read. The boot code will write
		partition number onto this byte. See offset 5Dh below.
		ֽڶʱԡ뽫д뵽ֽڡ
		μƫ5Dh

42h	1	Signature (must be 28h or 29h to be recognised by NT).
		ǩ֣28h29hԱܹNTʶ

43h	4	Volume serial number.
		ϵк롣

47h	11	Volume label.
		ıǩ

52h	8	File system ID. "FAT32   ".
		ļϵͳID"FAT32   "

5Ah	1	opcode for "cli".
		"cli"Ĳ롣

5Bh	1	opcode for "cld".
		"cld"Ĳ롣

5Ch	1	opcode for "mov dh, imm8".
		"mov dh, imm8"Ĳ롣

5Dh	1	Partition number of this partition on the boot drive.
		ϴ˷ķ롣

		0, 1, 2, 3 are primary partitions.
		4, 5, 6, ... are logical partitions in the extended partition.
		0, 1, 2, 3 
		4, 5, 6, ... չϵ߼

		0xff is for whole drive. So for floppies, it should be 0xff.
		0xff ̡Զ̣Ӧ0xff

5Eh	414	Machine code.
		롣

1FCh	4	Boot Signature AA550000h. (Win9x uses 4 bytes as magic value)
		ǩAA550000hWin9xʹ4ֽΪħֵ

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix A: File System Information Sector of FAT32(not used by grldr)
¼AFAT32ļϢϵͳgrldr
Offset	Length	Description
ƫ      
======	======	==============================================================
0h	4	Leading Signature 41615252h.
		ǰǩ41615252h

4h	480	Reserved, set to 0.
		Ϊ0

1E4h	4	FSI structure signature 61417272h.
		ָṹǩ61417272h

1E8h	4	Contains the last known count of free clusters, if this is
		equal to FFFFFFFFh, then the count is unknown.
		֪ĿдFFFFFFFFhδ֪ġ

1ECh	4	Cluster number at which you should begin a search for a free
		cluster, if this is equal to FFFFFFFFh then the field has not
		been set.
		ӦʼѰҿдصĴغ룬FFFFFFFFh 
		ֶûбá

1F0h	12	Reserved, set to 0.
		Ϊ0

1FCh	4	Trailing Signature AA550000h.
		ǩAA550000h

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appendix B: Media Descriptor Byte(not used by grldr)
¼Býֽڣgrldr
The Media descriptor byte is meaningless because of the duplications, F0h for
example.
ýֽû壬ΪЩֽھж壬F0h 

Byte	Type of disk	Sectors	Heads	Tracks	Capacity
ֽ                ͷ      Ź    
----	------------	-------	-----	------	--------
FFh	5 1/4"		8	2	40	320KB
FEh	5 1/4"		8	1	40	160KB
FDh	5 1/4"		9	2	40	360KB
FCh	5 1/4"		9	1	40	180KB
FBh	both		9	2	80	640KB
FAh	both		9	1	80	320KB
F9h	5 1/4"		15	2	80	1200KB
F9h	3 1/2"		9	2	80	720KB
F0h	3 1/2"		18 	2	80	1440KB
F0h	3 1/2"		36 	2	80	2880KB
F8h	hard disk	NA	NA	NA	NA

******************************************************************************
***   grldr.mbr - How to write it to Master Boot Track of the hard disk    ***
******************************************************************************
дgrldr.mbrӲ̵Ź졣

grldr.mbr contains code that can be used as Master Boot Record. The code is
responsible for searching all partitions for grldr and when found, loading it.
Currently supported partition types are: FAT12/FAT16/FAT32, NTFS, EXT2/EXT3.
Logical partitions in the extended partition are supported, provided that the
extended partition type is Microsoft-compatible. In fact, the Linux extended
partition type(0x85) is not fully tested for the search mechanism.
grldr.mbrܹ¼Ĵ롣˴븺зgrldrڷ
װڱֵ֧ķǣFAT12/FAT16/FAT32, NTFS, EXT2/EXT3չ
ϵ߼Ҳ֧֣Ǵչ΢ݡʵϣLinux չûб
ֵزơ

Notice!		In the future, we will remove NTFS support. For Windows users,
		please create an FAT partition and place GRLDR and menu.lst
		there. From now on, please don't report bugs relevant to NTFS.
ע⣺		ڽǽȥNTFS ֧֡Windowsû봴FAT
		ҷGRLDR  menu.lstӽԺ벻ҪйNTFSĳ档

		Someone reports that Windows XP with newer SPs and Windows
		Vista have intentionally broken the compatiblity with many
		things(including GRLDR). So you will get into trouble with
		these systems.
		һЩ˱Windows XPµSPWindows Vistaƻܶ
		ļԣGRLDRʹЩϵͳʱ鷳

How to write GRLDR.MBR to the Master Boot Track of a hard disk?
дGRLDR.MBR Ӳ̵Ź죿

First, read the Windows disk signature and partition information bytes
(72 bytes in total, from offset 0x01b8 to 0x01ff of the MBR sector), and put
them on the same range from offset 0x01b8 to 0x01ff of the beginning sector of
GRLDR.MBR.
ȣWindowsǩּϢֽڣܹ72ֽڣ¼ƫ0x01b8
0x01ffҷõGRLDR.MBRĿʼͬķΧƫ0x01b80x01ff

Optionally, if the MBR in the hard disk is a single sector MBR created by
Microsoft FDISK, it may be copied onto the second sector of GRLDR.MBR.
ѡģӲϵ¼΢FDISKĵһ¼
ԱƵGRLDR.MBRĵڶ

The second sector of GRLDR.MBR is called "previous MBR". When GRLDR not found,
"previous MBR" will be started.
GRLDR.MBRĵڶǰ¼ҲGRLDR󣬽ӡǰ
¼ʼ

No other steps needed, after all necessary changes stated above have been made,
now simply write GRLDR.MBR on to the Master Boot Track. That's all.
ҪĲ裬еıҪĸıѾˣֻҪдGRLDR.MBRŹ졣ȫˡ

Note: The Master Boot Track means the first track of the hard drive.
ע⣺Ź˼Ӳ̵ĵһŹ졣

Note: The bootstrap code of GRLDR.MBR only finds GRLDR file in the root dir of
a partition. You'd better place menu.lst file accompanying with GRLDR(i.e., in
the same root dir of the same partition as GRLDR).
ע⣺GRLDR.MBRԾٴֻڷĸĿ¼ѰGRLDR÷menu.lstGRLDR
һ𡣣˵GRLDRͬͬĿ¼¡

The filename "grldr" in an ext2 partition must be in lower case letters, and
the file type of grldr must be plain regular. Other types, e.g., a symbolic
link, won't work.
ext2ļ"grldr" СдģgrldrļǴͨļ
࣬磬ļǲеġ

******************************************************************************
***               grldr.mbr - Details about the control bytes              ***
******************************************************************************
grldr.mbrĿֽڵ

Six bytes can be used to control the boot process of GRLDR.MBR.
ֽܹڿGRLDR.MBR̡

Offset	Length	Description
ƫ      
======	======	==============================================================
02h	1	bit0=1: disable the search for GRLDR on floppy
		bit0=0: enable the search for GRLDR on floppy
		0λ1ѰGRLDR
		0λ0ʹѰGRLDR

		bit1=1: disable the boot of PREVIOUS MBR with invalid
			partition table(usually an OS boot sector)
		bit1=0: enable the boot of PREVIOUS MBR with invalid
			partition table(usually an OS boot sector)
		1λ1ɾЧķͨǲϵͳ
			ǰ¼
		1λ0ɾЧķͨǲϵͳ
			ǰ¼

		bit2 - bit6: reserved
		2λ6λ

		bit7=1: try to boot PREVIOUS MBR after the search for GRLDR
		bit7=0: try to boot PREVIOUS MBR before the search for GRLDR
		7λѰGRLDR跨ǰ¼
		7λѰGRLDRǰ跨ǰ¼

03h	1	timeout in seconds to wait for a key press. 0xff stands for
		waiting all the time(endless).
		ȴʱ0xffʼյȴֹģ

04h	2	hot-key code. high byte is scan code, low byte is ASCII code.
		the default value is 0x3920, which stands for the space bar.
		if this key is pressed, GRUB will be started prior to the boot
		of previous MBR. See "int 16 keyboard scan codes" below.
		ȼ롣ֽɨ룬ֽASCII롣Ĭֵ0x3920
		ǿո˼£GRUBǰ¼֮ǰ
		μеġж16 ɨ롱

06h	1	preferred boot drive number, 0xff for no-drive
		ƫ룬0xff û

07h	1	preferred partition number, 0xff for whole drive
		ƫķ룬0xff 

		if the preferred boot drive number is 0xff, the order of the
		search for GRLDR will be:
		ƫ0xffGRLDR˳£

			(hd0,0), (hd0,1), ..., (hd0,L),(L=max partition number) 
һӲ̵һ,һӲ̵ڶ,...,һӲ̵L(L=) 
			(hd1,0), (hd0,1), ..., (hd0,M),(M=max partition number)
			... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 
			(hdX,0), (hd0,1), ..., (hd0,N),(N=max partition number)
						       (X=max harddrive number)
			(fd0)

		otherwise, if the preferred boot drive number is Y(not equal to
		0xff) and the preferred partition number is K, then the order of
		the search for GRLDR will be:
		⣬ƫY0xffƫķ
		KôGRLDR˳£
			(Y) if K=0xff; or (Y,K) otherwise
			K0xffǣYǣYĵK
һӲ̵һ,һӲ̵ڶ,...,һӲ̵L(L=)
			(hd0,0), (hd0,1), ..., (hd0,L),(L=max partition number) 
			(hd1,0), (hd0,1), ..., (hd0,M),(M=max partition number)
			... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 
			(hdX,0), (hd0,1), ..., (hd0,N),(N=max partition number)
						       (X=max harddrive number)
			(fd0)

		Note: if Y < 0x80, then (Y) is floppy, else (Y) is harddrive,
		      and (Y,K) is partition number K on harddrive (Y).
		עͣY< 0x80ô(Y)̣(Y)Ӳ̣(Y,K)
			ӲYϵĵK롣

******************************************************************************
***        bootlace.com - Install GRLDR bootstrap code to MBR              ***
******************************************************************************
bootlace.comϵЬװGRLDRԾٴ뵽¼

BOOTLACE.COM installs GRLDR boot record to the MBR of a harddrive or of a
harddrive image file, or to the boot sector of a floppy or a floppy image.
BOOTLACE.COMװGRLDR¼Ӳ̻Ӳӳļ¼߰װ
̻ӳ

Usage:
÷
	bootlace.com  [OPTIONS]  DEVICE_OR_FILE
	bootlace.com  [ѡ]  豸ļ
OPTIONS:
ѡ
	--read-only		do everything except the actual write to the
				specified DEVICE_OR_FILE
	--read-only		ʵдָ豸ļ

	--no-backup-mbr		do not copy the old MBR to the second sector of
				DEVICE_OR_FILE
				ƾɵ¼豸ļĵڶ

	--force-backup-mbr	force the copy of old MBR to the second sector
				of DEVICE_OR_FILE
				ǿƸ¼豸ļĵڶ

	--mbr-enable-floppy	enable the search for GRLDR on floppy
				ʹϵGRLDR

	--mbr-disable-floppy	disable the search for GRLDR on floppy
				ϵGRLDR

	--mbr-enable-osbr	enable the boot of PREVIOUS MBR with invalid
				partition table(usually an OS boot sector)
				ʹЧķͨǲϵͳ
				ǰ¼

	--mbr-disable-osbr	disable the boot of PREVIOUS MBR with invalid
				partition table(usually an OS boot sector)
				Чķͨǲϵͳ
				ǰ¼

	--boot-prevmbr-first	try to boot PREVIOUS MBR before the search for
				GRLDR
				跨GRLDR֮ǰǰ¼

	--boot-prevmbr-last	try to boot PREVIOUS MBR after the search for
				GRLDR
				跨GRLDR֮ǰ¼

	--preferred-drive=D	preferred boot drive number, 0 <= D < 255
				ƫ룬0 <= D < 255

	--preferred-partition=P	preferred partition number, 0 <= P < 255
				ƫķ룬0 <= P < 255

	--time-out=T		wait T seconds before booting PREVIOUS MBR. if
				T is 0xff, wait forever. the default is 5.
				ǰ¼ǰȴT ӡT 0xff
				ԶȴĬֵ5

	--hot-key=K		if the desired key K is pressed, start GRUB
				before booting PREVIOUS MBR. K is a word
				value, just as the value in AX register
				returned from int16/AH=1. The high byte is the
				scan code and the low byte is ASCII code. The
				default is 0x3920 for space bar. See "int 16
				keyboard scan codes" below.
				ȼ£ǰ¼֮ǰ
				GRUBKһֵֵint16/AH=1ص
				AXĴֵֽɨ룬ֽASCII롣
				Ĭ 0x3920ոμµġж16 
				ɨ롱

	--floppy		if DEVICE_OR_FILE is floppy, use this option.
				豸ļ̣ʹôѡ

	--floppy=N		if DEVICE_OR_FILE is a partition on a hard
				drive, use this option. N is used to specify
				the partition number.
				豸ļӲ̷ʹôѡNָ
				롣

	--sectors-per-track=S	specifies sectors per track for --floppy.
				1 <= S <= 63, default is 63.
				ָ--floppyѡĴŹ1 <= S <= 63,
				Ĭֵ 63

	--heads=H		specifies number of heads for --floppy.
				1 <= H <= 256, default is 255.
				ָ--floppyѡĴͷ
				1 <= H <= 256, Ĭֵ 255.
				
	--start-sector=B	specifies hidden sectors for --floppy.
				default is 0.
				ָ--floppyѡĬֵ0

	--total-sectors=C	specifies total sectors for --floppy.
				default is 0.
				ָ--floppyѡĬֵ0

	--lba			use lba mode for --floppy. This is default. If
				your floppy BIOS does not support LBA, please
				specify --chs explicitly. The QEMU virtual
				machine currently has no LBA support for
				floppy, so you should specify --chs for the
				floppy to boot on QEMU.
				--floppyѡʹlbaģʽĬֵ
				BIOS֧߼ַȷصָ --chs
				QEMUû̵֧߼ַQEMU
				ʱӦΪָ--chs

	--chs			use chs mode for --floppy. Most modern BIOSes
				support LBA. So it is likely you don't have to
				specify the --chs option.
				--floppyѡʹchsģʽִBIOS֧
				߼ַԿ㲻ָchsѡ

	--fat12			FAT12 is allowed to be installed for --floppy.
				--floppyѡɱװFAT12

	--fat16			FAT16 is allowed to be installed for --floppy.
				--floppyѡɱװFAT16

	--fat32			FAT32 is allowed to be installed for --floppy.
				--floppyѡɱװFAT32

	--vfat			FAT12/16/32 are allowed to be installed for
				--floppy.
				--floppyѡɱװFAT12/16/32

	--ntfs			NTFS is allowed to be installed for --floppy.
				--floppyѡɱװNTFS

	--ext2			EXT2 is allowed to be installed for --floppy.
				--floppyѡɱװEXT2

	--install-partition=I	Install the boot record onto the boot area of
				partition number I of the specified hard drive
				or harddrive image DEVICE_OR_FILE.
				װ¼ָ豸ļӲ̻Ӳӳ
				I

DEVICE_OR_FILE:	Filename of the device or the image file. For DOS, a BIOS drive
number(hex 0xHH or decimal DDD) can be used to access the drive. BIOS drive
number 0 is for the first floppy, 1 is for the second floppy; 0x80 is for the
first hard drive, 0x81 is for the second hard drive, etc.
豸ļ豸ӳļļDOSBIOS루ʮ0xHH 
ʮ DDDܹڷBIOS0һ1ڶ0x80
һӲ̣0x81 ڶӲ̣ȵȡ

Note: BOOTLACE.COM writes only the boot code to MBR. The boot code needs to
load GRLDR as the second(and last) stage of the GRUB boot process. Therefore
GRLDR should be copied to the root directory of one of the supported
partitions, either before or after a successful execution of BOOTLACE.COM.
Currently only partitions with filesystem type of FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, NTFS,
EXT2 or EXT3 are supported.
ע⣺BOOTLACE.COM ֻд¼¼ҪװGRLDR ΪGRUB
̵ĵڶҲ󣩽׶ΡGRLDR ӦƵֵ֧ĳһĸĿ¼¡ڳɹִBOOTLACE.COM֮ǰ֮иơֻ֧ļϵͳFAT12,
 FAT16, FAT32, NTFS,EXT2 or EXT3 ķ

Notice!		In the future, we will remove NTFS support. For Windows users,
		please create an FAT partition and place GRLDR and menu.lst
		there. From now on, please don't report bugs relevant to NTFS.
ע⣡		ǽȥNTFS ֧֡Windowsû
		봴FAT GRLDR  menu.lst
		ڿʼ벻ҪйNTFSĳȱݡ

Important!! If you install GRLDR Boot Record to a floppy or a partition, the
floppy or partition will boot solely grldr, and your original
IO.SYS(DOS/Win9x/Me) and NTLDR(WinNT/2K/XP) will become unbootable. This is
because the original boot record of the floppy or partition were overwritten.
There is no such problem when installing GRLDR Boot Record to MBR.
ص㣡㰲װGRLDR ¼̻̻grldr
ԭIO.SYS(DOS/Win9x/Me)  NTLDR(WinNT/2K/XP) Ϊԭ
¼д㰲װGRLDR¼ͲᷢЩ⡣

Tip: If the filename begins in a dash(-) or a digit, you may prefix a dirname
(./) or (.\) to it.
ʾļĿʼǶ̻(-)֣ǰĿ¼(./)  (.\)

Examples:
ӣ
	Installing GRLDR boot code to MBR under Linux:
	Linux°װGRLDR뵽¼

		bootlace.com  /dev/hda

	Installing GRLDR boot code to MBR under DOS:
	DOS°װGRLDR뵽¼

		bootlace.com  0x80

	Installing GRLDR boot code to a harddisk image under DOS or Linux:
	DOSLinux°װGRLDR뵽Ӳӳ

		bootlace.com  hd.img

	Installing GRLDR boot code to floppy under Linux:
	Linux°װGRLDR뵽̣

		bootlace.com  --floppy --chs /dev/fd0

	Installing GRLDR boot code to floppy under DOS:
	DOS°װGRLDR뵽̣

		bootlace.com  --floppy --chs 0x00

	Installing GRLDR boot code to a floppy image under DOS or Linux:
	DOSLinux°װGRLDR뵽ӳ

		bootlace.com  --floppy --chs floppy.img

BOOTLACE.COM cannot function well under Windows NT/2000/XP/2003. It is expected
(and designed) to run under DOS/Win9x and Linux.
BOOTLACE.COM Windows NT/2000/XP/2003¹òáϣƣ
DOS/Win9x  Linux

******************************************************************************
***        kexec-tools should be patched for the 1.101 release             ***
******************************************************************************
kexec-toolsӦ򲹶 1.101

The file kexec-tools-1.101-patch is a patch to the kexec-tools-1.101 release.
Kexec might fail to load grub.exe without this patch.
kexec-tools-1.101-patchļkexec-tools-1.101 Ĳû
Kexec᲻װgrub.exe

The home page of kexec-tools is:
kexec-toolsҳǣ
	http://www.xmission.com/~ebiederm/files/kexec/


******************************************************************************
***           Direct transition to DOS/Win9x from within Linux             ***
******************************************************************************
LinuxֱӹɵDOS/Win9x

By using kexec, we can easily boot into DOS/Win9x from a running Linux system.
ʹkexecܹ׵شŵLinuxϵͳDOS/Win9x

If WIN98.IMG is a bootable hard-disk image, do as follows:
WIN98.IMGһӲӳ񣬰²

kexec -l grub.exe --initrd=WIN98.IMG --command-line="--config-file=map (rd) (hd0); map --hook; chainloader (hd0)+1; rootnoverify (hd0)"

kexec -e

If DOS.IMG is a bootable floppy image, do this way:
DOS.IMGһӲӳ񣬰²

kexec -l grub.exe --initrd=DOS.IMG --command-line="--config-file=map (rd) (fd0); map --hook; chainloader (fd0)+1; rootnoverify (fd0)"

kexec -e

Note that in this manner, we can boot DOS/Win9x without using a real DOS/Win9x
disk. We need no FAT partition but an image file.
ע⣬ַʽܹʵDOS/Win9x̶DOS/Win9xǲҪFAT
ֻҪһӳļ

We have noticed that Linux itself can act as a big boot manager by using kexec
and grub.exe. This may be convenient to developers who write installation or
bootstrap or initialization programs.
Ѿע⵽ͨʹkexecgrub.exeLinuxܹΪһ
дװ߳ʼĿߴ˷㡣

Certainly, grub.exe and the bootable disk image can also be loaded by a running
GRUB or LILO or syslinux. Examples:
Ȼgrub.exeͿĴӳҲܹеGRUB  LILO  syslinuxװء磺

1. Loaded by GRUB:
1.GRUBװأ
	kernel (hd0,0)/grub.exe --config-file="map (rd) (fd0); map --hook; chainloader (fd0)+1; rootnoverify (fd0)"
	initrd (hd0,0)/DOS.IMG
	boot

2. Loaded by LILO:
2. LILOװ
	image=/boot/grub.exe
		label=grub.exe
		initrd=/boot/DOS.IMG
		append="--config-file=map (rd) (fd0); map --hook; chainloader (fd0)+1; rootnoverify (fd0)"

3. Loaded by SYSLINUX:
3.SYSLINUXװأ
	label grub.exe
		kernel grub.exe
		append initrd=DOS.IMG --config-file="map (rd) (fd0); map --hook; chainloader (fd0)+1; rootnoverify (fd0)"

******************************************************************************
***               Keyboard BIOS Scan Code/ASCII code tables                ***
******************************************************************************
BIOS/ASCII

Keyboard bios scan code and ascii character code tables can be obtained from
the web by, for example, googling for "3920 372A 4A2D 4E2B 352F". Here are 2
main results:
biosɨASCIIַܹͨȡá磬ʹgoogle"3920 372A 4A2D 4E2B 352F"ҪĽ

1. From "http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~stanisls/helppc/scan_codes.html":
1."http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~stanisls/helppc/scan_codes.html":

INT 16 - Keyboard Scan Codes
ж16 ɨ
       Key	 Normal    Shifted   w/Ctrl    w/Alt

	A	  1E61	    1E41      1E01	1E00
	B	  3062	    3042      3002	3000
	C	  2E63	    2E42      2E03	2E00
	D	  2064	    2044      2004	2000
	E	  1265	    1245      1205	1200
	F	  2166	    2146      2106	2100
	G	  2267	    2247      2207	2200
	H	  2368	    2348      2308	2300
	I	  1769	    1749      1709	1700
	J	  246A	    244A      240A	2400
	K	  256B	    254B      250B	2500
	L	  266C	    264C      260C	2600
	M	  326D	    324D      320D	3200
	N	  316E	    314E      310E	3100
	O	  186F	    184F      180F	1800
	P	  1970	    1950      1910	1900
	Q	  1071	    1051      1011	1000
	R	  1372	    1352      1312	1300
	S	  1F73	    1F53      1F13	1F00
	T	  1474	    1454      1414	1400
	U	  1675	    1655      1615	1600
	V	  2F76	    2F56      2F16	2F00
	W	  1177	    1157      1117	1100
	X	  2D78	    2D58      2D18	2D00
	Y	  1579	    1559      1519	1500
	Z	  2C7A	    2C5A      2C1A	2C00

       Key	 Normal    Shifted   w/Ctrl    w/Alt

	1	  0231	    0221		7800
	2	  0332	    0340      0300	7900
	3	  0433	    0423		7A00
	4	  0534	    0524		7B00
	5	  0635	    0625		7C00
	6	  0736	    075E      071E	7D00
	7	  0837	    0826		7E00
	8	  0938	    092A		7F00
	9	  0A39	    0A28		8000
	0	  0B30	    0B29		8100

       Key	 Normal    Shifted   w/Ctrl    w/Alt

	-	  0C2D	    0C5F      0C1F	8200
	=	  0D3D	    0D2B		8300
	[	  1A5B	    1A7B      1A1B	1A00
	]	  1B5D	    1B7D      1B1D	1B00
	;	  273B	    273A		2700
	'	  2827	    2822
	`	  2960	    297E
	\	  2B5C	    2B7C      2B1C	2600 (same as Alt L)
	,	  332C	    333C
	.	  342E	    343E
	/	  352F	    353F

	Key	 Normal    Shifted   w/Ctrl    w/Alt

	F1	  3B00	    5400      5E00	6800
	F2	  3C00	    5500      5F00	6900
	F3	  3D00	    5600      6000	6A00
	F4	  3E00	    5700      6100	6B00
	F5	  3F00	    5800      6200	6C00
	F6	  4000	    5900      6300	6D00
	F7	  4100	    5A00      6400	6E00
	F8	  4200	    5B00      6500	6F00
	F9	  4300	    5C00      6600	7000
	F10	  4400	    5D00      6700	7100
	F11	  8500	    8700      8900	8B00
	F12	  8600	    8800      8A00	8C00

	Key	    Normal    Shifted	w/Ctrl	  w/Alt

	BackSpace    0E08      0E08	 0E7F	  0E00
	Del	     5300      532E	 9300	  A300
	Down Arrow   5000      5032	 9100	  A000
	End	     4F00      4F31	 7500	  9F00
	Enter	     1C0D      1C0D	 1C0A	  A600
	Esc	     011B      011B	 011B	  0100
	Home	     4700      4737	 7700	  9700
	Ins	     5200      5230	 9200	  A200
	Keypad 5		4C35	 8F00
	Keypad *     372A		 9600	  3700
	Keypad -     4A2D      4A2D	 8E00	  4A00
	Keypad +     4E2B      4E2B		  4E00
	Keypad /     352F      352F	 9500	  A400
	Left Arrow   4B00      4B34	 7300	  9B00
	PgDn	     5100      5133	 7600	  A100
	PgUp	     4900      4939	 8400	  9900
	PrtSc				 7200
	Right Arrow  4D00      4D36	 7400	  9D00
	SpaceBar     3920      3920	 3920	  3920
	Tab	     0F09      0F00	 9400	  A500
	Up Arrow     4800      4838	 8D00	  9800


- Some key combinations are not available on all systems.  The PS/2
  includes many that aren't available on the PC, XT and AT.

һЩϲϵͳȡáPS/2ܶ಻PC, XT  ATȡõļϡ
- To retrieve the character from a scan code logical AND the word
  with 0x00FF.
Ҫɨ뷵ַ0x00FF߼

- see  INT 16  MAKE CODES
μж16 


2. From "http://www.hoppie.nl/ivan/keycodes.txt":
2. "http://www.hoppie.nl/ivan/keycodes.txt":


     Keystroke                  Keypress code
                            
--------------------------------------------------
     Esc                        011B
     1                          0231
     2                          0332
     3                          0433
     4                          0534
     5                          0635
     6                          0736
     7                          0837
     8                          0938
     9                          0A39
     0                          0B30
     -                          0C2D
     =                          0D3D
     Backspace                  0E08
     Tab                        0F09
     q                          1071
     w                          1177
     e                          1265
     r                          1372
     t                          1474
     y                          1579
     u                          1675
     i                          1769
     o                          186F
     p                          1970
     [                          1A5B
     ]                          1B5D
     Enter                      1C0D
     Ctrl                         **
     a                          1E61
     s                          1F73
     d                          2064
     f                          2166
     g                          2267
     h                          2368
     j                          246A
     k                          256B
     l                          266C
     ;                          273B
     '                          2827
     `                          2960
     Shift                        **
     \                          2B5C
     z                          2C7A
     x                          2D78
     c                          2E63
     v                          2F76
     b                          3062
     n                          316E
     m                          326D
     ,                          332C
     .                          342E
     /                          352F
     Gray *                     372A
     Alt                          **
     Space                      3920
     Caps Lock                    **
     F1                         3B00
     F2                         3C00
     F3                         3D00
     F4                         3E00
     F5                         3F00
     F6                         4000
     F7                         4100
     F8                         4200
     F9                         4300
     F10                        4400
     F11                        8500
     F12                        8600
     Num Lock                     **
     Scroll Lock                  **
     White Home                 4700
     White Up Arrow             4800
     White PgUp                 4900
     Gray -                     4A2D
     White Left Arrow           4B00
     Center Key                 4C00
     White Right Arrow          4D00
     Gray +                     4E2B
     White End                  4F00
     White Down Arrow           5000
     White PgDn                 5100
     White Ins                  5200
     White Del                  5300
     SysReq                       **
     Key 45 [1]                 565C
     Enter (number keypad)      1C0D
     Gray /                     352F
     PrtSc                        **
     Pause                        **
     Gray Home                  4700
     Gray Up Arrow              4800
     Gray Page Up               4900
     Gray Left Arrow            4B00
     Gray Right Arrow           4D00
     Gray End                   4F00
     Gray Down Arrow            5000
     Gray Page Down             5100
     Gray Insert                5200
     Gray Delete                5300

     Shift Esc                  011B
     !                          0221
     @                          0340
     #                          0423
     $                          0524
     %                          0625
     ^                          075E
     &                          0826
     * (white)                  092A
     (                          0A28
     )                          0B29
     _                          0C5F
     + (white)                  0D2B
     Shift Backspace            0E08
     Shift Tab (Backtab)        0F00
     Q                          1051
     W                          1157
     E                          1245
     R                          1352
     T                          1454
     Y                          1559
     U                          1655
     I                          1749
     O                          184F
     P                          1950
     {                          1A7B
     }                          1B7D
     Shift Enter                1C0D
     Shift Ctrl                   **
     A                          1E41
     S                          1F53
     D                          2044
     F                          2146
     G                          2247
     H                          2348
     J                          244A
     K                          254B
     L                          264C
     :                          273A
     "                          2822
     ~                          297E
     |                          2B7C
     Z                          2C5A
     X                          2D58
     C                          2E43
     V                          2F56
     B                          3042
     N                          314E
     M                          324D
     <                          333C
     >                          343E
     ?                          353F
     Shift Gray *               372A
     Shift Alt                    **
     Shift Space                3920
     Shift Caps Lock              **
     Shift F1                   5400
     Shift F2                   5500
     Shift F3                   5600
     Shift F4                   5700
     Shift F5                   5800
     Shift F6                   5900
     Shift F7                   5A00
     Shift F8                   5B00
     Shift F9                   5C00
     Shift F10                  5D00
     Shift F11                  8700
     Shift F12                  8800
     Shift Num Lock               **
     Shift Scroll Lock            **
     Shift 7 (number pad)       4737
     Shift 8 (number pad)       4838
     Shift 9 (number pad)       4939
     Shift Gray -               4A2D
     Shift 4 (number pad)       4B34
     Shift 5 (number pad)       4C35
     Shift 6 (number pad)       4D36
     Shift Gray +               4E2B
     Shift 1 (number pad)       4F31
     Shift 2 (number pad)       5032
     Shift 3 (number pad)       5133
     Shift 0 (number pad)       5230
     Shift . (number pad)       532E
     Shift SysReq                 **
     Shift Key 45 [1]           567C
     Shift Enter (number pad)   1C0D
     Shift Gray /               352F
     Shift PrtSc                  **
     Shift Pause                  **
     Shift Gray Home            4700
     Shift Gray Up Arrow        4800
     Shift Gray Page Up         4900
     Shift Gray Left Arrow      4B00
     Shift Gray Right Arrow     4D00
     Shift Gray End             4F00
     Shift Gray Down Arrow      5000
     Shift Gray Page Down       5100
     Shift Gray Insert          5200
     Shift Gray Delete          5300

     Ctrl Esc                   011B
     Ctrl 1                       --
     Ctrl 2 (NUL)               0300
     Ctrl 3                       --
     Ctrl 4                       --
     Ctrl 5                       --
     Ctrl 6 (RS)                071E
     Ctrl 7                       --
     Ctrl 8                       --
     Ctrl 9                       --
     Ctrl 0                       --
     Ctrl -                     0C1F
     Ctrl =                       --
     Ctrl Backspace (DEL)       0E7F
     Ctrl Tab                   9400
     Ctrl q (DC1)               1011
     Ctrl w (ETB)               1117
     Ctrl e (ENQ)               1205
     Ctrl r (DC2)               1312
     Ctrl t (DC4)               1414
     Ctrl y (EM)                1519
     Ctrl u (NAK)               1615
     Ctrl i (HT)                1709
     Ctrl o (SI)                180F
     Ctrl p (DEL)               1910
     Ctrl [ (ESC)               1A1B
     Ctrl ] (GS)                1B1D
     Ctrl Enter (LF)            1C0A
     Ctrl a (SOH)               1E01
     Ctrl s (DC3)               1F13
     Ctrl d (EOT)               2004
     Ctrl f (ACK)               2106
     Ctrl g (BEL)               2207
     Ctrl h (Backspace)         2308
     Ctrl j (LF)                240A
     Ctrl k (VT)                250B
     Ctrl l (FF)                260C
     Ctrl ;                       --
     Ctrl '                       --
     Ctrl `                       --
     Ctrl Shift                   **
     Ctrl \ (FS)                2B1C
     Ctrl z (SUB)               2C1A
     Ctrl x (CAN)               2D18
     Ctrl c (ETX)               2E03
     Ctrl v (SYN)               2F16
     Ctrl b (STX)               3002
     Ctrl n (SO)                310E
     Ctrl m (CR)                320D
     Ctrl ,                       --
     Ctrl .                       --
     Ctrl /                       --
     Ctrl Gray *                9600
     Ctrl Alt                     **
     Ctrl Space                 3920
     Ctrl Caps Lock               --
     Ctrl F1                    5E00
     Ctrl F2                    5F00
     Ctrl F3                    6000
     Ctrl F4                    6100
     Ctrl F5                    6200
     Ctrl F6                    6300
     Ctrl F7                    6400
     Ctrl F8                    6500
     Ctrl F9                    6600
     Ctrl F10                   6700
     Ctrl F11                   8900
     Ctrl F12                   8A00
     Ctrl Num Lock                --
     Ctrl Scroll Lock             --
     Ctrl White Home            7700
     Ctrl White Up Arrow        8D00
     Ctrl White PgUp            8400
     Ctrl Gray -                8E00
     Ctrl White Left Arrow      7300
     Ctrl 5 (number pad)        8F00
     Ctrl White Right Arrow     7400
     Ctrl Gray +                9000
     Ctrl White End             7500
     Ctrl White Down Arrow      9100
     Ctrl White PgDn            7600
     Ctrl White Ins             9200
     Ctrl White Del             9300
     Ctrl SysReq                  **
     Ctrl Key 45 [1]            --  
     Ctrl Enter (number pad)    1C0A
     Ctrl / (number pad)        9500
     Ctrl PrtSc                 7200
     Ctrl Break                 0000
     Ctrl Gray Home             7700
     Ctrl Gray Up Arrow         8DE0
     Ctrl Gray Page Up          8400
     Ctrl Gray Left Arrow       7300
     Ctrl Gray Right Arrow      7400
     Ctrl Gray End              7500
     Ctrl Gray Down Arrow       91E0
     Ctrl Gray Page Down        7600
     Ctrl Gray Insert           92E0
     Ctrl Gray Delete           93E0

     Alt Esc                    0100
     Alt 1                      7800
     Alt 2                      7900
     Alt 3                      7A00
     Alt 4                      7B00
     Alt 5                      7C00
     Alt 6                      7D00
     Alt 7                      7E00
     Alt 8                      7F00
     Alt 9                      8000
     Alt 0                      8100
     Alt -                      8200
     Alt =                      8300
     Alt Backspace              0E00
     Alt Tab                    A500
     Alt q                      1000
     Alt w                      1100
     Alt e                      1200
     Alt r                      1300
     Alt t                      1400
     Alt y                      1500
     Alt u                      1600
     Alt i                      1700
     Alt o                      1800
     Alt p                      1900
     Alt [                      1A00
     Alt ]                      1B00
     Alt Enter                  1C00
     Alt Ctrl                     **
     Alt a                      1E00
     Alt s                      1F00
     Alt d                      2000
     Alt f                      2100
     Alt g                      2200
     Alt h                      2300
     Alt j                      2400
     Alt k                      2500
     Alt l                      2600
     Alt ;                      2700
     Alt '                      2800
     Alt `                      2900
     Alt Shift                    **
     Alt \                      2B00
     Alt z                      2C00
     Alt x                      2D00
     Alt c                      2E00
     Alt v                      2F00
     Alt b                      3000
     Alt n                      3100
     Alt m                      3200
     Alt ,                      3300
     Alt .                      3400
     Alt /                      3500
     Alt Gray *                 3700
     Alt Space                  3920
     Alt Caps Lock                **
     Alt F1                     6800
     Alt F2                     6900
     Alt F3                     6A00
     Alt F4                     6B00
     Alt F5                     6C00
     Alt F6                     6D00
     Alt F7                     6E00
     Alt F8                     6F00
     Alt F9                     7000
     Alt F10                    7100
     Alt F11                    8B00
     Alt F12                    8C00
     Alt Num Lock                 **
     Alt Scroll Lock              **
     Alt Gray -                 4A00
     Alt Gray +                 4E00
     Alt 7 (number pad)           # 
     Alt 8 (number pad)           # 
     Alt 9 (number pad)           # 
     Alt 4 (number pad)           # 
     Alt 5 (number pad)           # 
     Alt 6 (number pad)           # 
     Alt 1 (number pad)           # 
     Alt 2 (number pad)           # 
     Alt 3 (number pad)           # 
     Alt Del                      --
     Alt SysReq                   **
     Alt Key 45 [1]               --
     Alt Enter (number pad)     A600
     Alt / (number pad)         A400
     Alt PrtSc                    **
     Alt Pause                    **
     Alt Gray Home              9700
     Alt Gray Up Arrow          9800
     Alt Gray Page Up           9900
     Alt Gray Left Arrow        9B00
     Alt Gray Right Arrow       9D00
     Alt Gray End               9F00
     Alt Gray Down Arrow        A000
     Alt Gray Page Down         A100
     Alt Gray Insert            A200
     Alt Gray Delete            A300

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------

Footnotes
ע
        [1]   In the United States, the 101/102-key keyboard is shipped
              with 101 keys. Overseas versions have an additional key
              sandwiched between the left Shift key and the Z key. This
              additional key is identified by IBM (and in this table) as
              "Key 45."
	      101/102101汾һӵļ
	      ϵZ֮䡣˸ӼIBMȷģڱ45

        [**]  Keys and key combinations marked ** are used by the ROM BIOS
              but do not put values into the keyboard buffer.
	      **ǣROM BIOSʹãὫֵ
	      
        [--]  Keys and key combinations marked -- are ignored by the ROM
              BIOS.
	      --ǣROM BIOSԡ
******************************************************************************
***           !!!!!!!! NTFS Will No Longer Be Supported !!!!!!!!           ***
******************************************************************************
NTFS ٱ֧

Notice!		In the future, we will remove NTFS support. For Windows users,
		please create an FAT partition and place GRLDR and menu.lst
		there. From now on, please don't report bugs relevant to NTFS.
ע⣡		ǽȥNTFS ֧֡Windowsû
		봴FARʱ GRLDR  menu.lst
		ڿʼ벻ҪйNTFSĳȱݡ

		Someone reports that Windows XP with newer SPs and Windows
		Vista have intentionally broken the compatiblity with many
		things(including GRLDR). So you will get into trouble with
		these systems.
		һЩ˱Windows XPµSPWindows Vistaƻܶ
		ļԣGRLDRʹЩϵͳʱ鷳


******************************************************************************
***                         GRLDR  Error messages                          ***
******************************************************************************
GRLDRĴϢ

1. Missing MBR-helper.
1.ʧ¼ֳ
	The helper function in the sectors that immediately follow the MBR is
	not present, or it has been erased by a virus or by Windows XP/Vista.
	¼ֹ֮ˣѾ߱
	Windows XP/Vistaɾ

2. Buggy BIOS!
2.ȱݵBIOS
	Your BIOS is too buggy. It even has no support for INT13/AH=8.
	BIOSȱ̫ࡣ֧жINT13/AH=8

3. This partition is NTFS but with unknown boot record. Please install
Microsoft NTFS boot sectors to this partition correctly, or create an
FAT12/16/32 partition and place the same copy of GRLDR and MENU.LST there.
3.˷NTFSδ֪¼ȷذװ΢NTFS˷
һFAT12/16/32ҷͬGRLDR  MENU.LST

	The boot record was changed or erased by Microsoft Windows XP Service
	Pack 2. You may install the old boot record introduced with the
	original clean Windows 2K/XP. As another solution, you may create an
	FAT partition for your system.
	¼Microsoft Windows XP2ıɾ԰װԭʼɾ
	Windows 2K/XPɵ¼һǣΪϵͳһ
	FAT

------------------------

л yjmsir ֵ෭롣 0.4.1 ĳ pre 汾
⵱Ȼyjmsirõ°汾ˣΪʽ汾ûзұӦ
ʽټԲ䷭ģǣûһź
ٴлл yjmsir ֵľġ--------㡣

