讥 ࠪ᪮ 㪮⢮
 ⠦  Ethernet

⮡ ந   ⨯ Ethernet,  
室騥 ⥢  (, ), ⥢  
஥  ⥫쭮  ⥢ 㤮.  
᪮쪮 ⨯ ⥩ Ethernet.

------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ethernet 10BASE-5 (᪮ 10 /,  500 )

.. "⮫  ᨠ"  -  ࠭஢   ⮫騭
 1 .   ᮧ  饩   500 !
 ᨠ ⪮ ९  ⥭,    ⠭-
 ..  ࠭ᨢ (AMP'),   १ ᯥ樠-
   AUI  ⥢  (㤮
ࠧꥬ AUI,  宦    祭 ⨪ 
ᮤঠ騬  15 ⠪⮢).    ࠭஢ 
⠭ ..    ᮯ⨢  (ନ),
騥  稥 .   ᨠ 砥 ࠩ
। (ᮡ ᥩ), ⮬    ஡ 
᫠.

  룫廊  10BASE-2:
(TERM - ନ, AMP - ࠭ᨢ, AUI -   ࠭-
ᨢ஢    ⥢  ⠬    ࠧꥬ    ⥢ ;
PC1...PCn - ᮭ )

  TERM===AMP=========AMP========= = = =======AMP====TERM
         AUI         AUI                     AUI
          |           |                       |
          |           |                       |
          |           |                       |
       --AUI--     --AUI--                 --AUI--
       |     |     |     |                 |     |
       | PC1 |     | PC2 |                 | PCn |
       -------     -------                 -------

------------------------------------------------------------
2. Ethernet 10BASE-2 (᪮ 10 /,  200 )

" ᨠ",      뢠 "cheapernet" (襢
).  10-15    ⨯    Ethernet    祭
࠭,    ᥣ  - ᯮ,  ⮬
 ""    業஢ ( -
஢),   ᨬ쭠  ᥣ   ࠢ 
10BASE-T 筮 .  ஬ ⮣,    
㤮  ⮫쪮 設 ISA,   ⥢    設
  ⮫쪮  ࠧꥬ - ..  BNC,  ஬ -
砥   "⮭ ᨠ".

" ᨠ" ⨯ RG-58   ᮯ⨢ 50 
 (⮫騭  0.5 ),   室 ।⢥  
ࠬ.  ⠪  ⮨  ᪮쪨 १-
 ᨠ  ࠧꥬ BNC  .  १ ᫥-
⥫쭮    ᮥ          ..   T-஢
(T-connector),  ९  BNC-ࠧꥬ ⥢ .
᫨        ᮥ १  
㦭,  १   ᮥ .. I-஬
(I-connector).   ࠩ T-  ⠭
ନ ᮯ⨢ 50 .    ନ஢  (
!) ᫥ ,   ⮣ 㤮 ᯮ짮 -
  ᯥ樠쭮 楯窮.      ⠪
      (   ᨠ  ᮬ
஢   殮 浪 110 !).

  룫廊  10BASE-2:
(TERM - ନ,  T - T-, I - I-, BNC
- ࠧꥬ  ⥢ ,  ஬ 砥 T--
,   ⠪ ࠧꥬ  I-  T-,   -
 १ ᨠ  ନ; PC1...PCn - -
 )

  TERM-T------------------I--------T----- - - ------T-TERM
       |                           |                |
    --BNC--                     --BNC--          --BNC--
    |     |                     |     |          |     |
    | PC1 |                     | PC2 |          | PCn |
    -------                     -------          -------

------------------------------------------------------------
 ९      BNC-?    
BNC-஢:  ਯ   .  -
 ( ਬ,  ਬ,   ࠤ裡   -
⥫쭮 孨),   ਯ   ᨠ쭮
  ॡ  몮 .    
⠭ ,   ⮣ 㦭 ᯥ樠 
.  祬,  ࠩ 砥     
 ᪠.  ᨢ   祭 , 
  뢠 ⨬.  BNC-   ᮤ-
  :  ᮡ⢥ ,  業ࠫ  㭭
⠪    ⠫  㡮  ९ 窨 
⪨   .     ᫥饬  -
浪:

1. ⭮    ਬ୮ 20 .  ⨪ 窨 
 ᨠ쭮  RG-58  ⠪,  ⮡    ।
⮭  ⪨ .

    ================== -------
    RG-58  窥  |XXXXXXX|
    ================== -------  \
                      |       |   ⪠
                      |-20 -|

2. ᯫ  ⪨     ⮣  -
 .     ⠫ 㡮.  ᫨
  ⪮ 室 䮫죠,   殬   㦭
⭮  ⤥   ७  樨    ( 
㤠!).

3. ⭮ (⮡   ।  ७    )
  ७ 樨 ⠪, ⮡ ७ -
 㯠  譥 樨 ( ⪨) ਬ୮  10
.  ७   㯠  ७ 樨
ਬ୮  4 .  ஢ન,  ७    ᫥
  㭭 ⠪.  ७    ᫨誮
㯠  樨,     業ࠫ쭮
㭭 ⠪.  室  㦭 㪮.

                                ७ 
                  ------\      /
       ==================\------ 
       RG-58  窥  |      |====
       ==================/------|   | \
                  ------/ |     |   | 業ࠫ쭠 
                  /       |10 |4|
      ⮣ ⪠

4.  㭭  ⠪   業ࠫ    ᯫ
 墮⮢ 묨 頬, 窠  ᪮栬
⠪, ⮡  뫠  饬 (  :
業ࠫ  ⠪ 筮 㯪,     
᪮  ४襭). ⠢ 業ࠫ ⠪ 
.  㭭 ⠪    㯮;  
⮭     㣮  ஭  BNC-.
ࠫ쭠        墮⮢
.   ᫥ ࠧ ᭠㦨 墮⮢, 
 ࠢ   (  몠  業ࠫ
⠪⮬!).

5.  ⪨ 㦭 ᯮ  䮫죨  墮⮢-
 BNC-.  ᢥ ⠫ 㡮 (
 뢠  ⮫쪮  墮⮢     -
让 ⮪ 譥 窨 ).  ந .
᫨  ,     ᪮쪮 ⠯: ᭠砫
 륬  讣 , ⥬ - .   ⮬ -
窠 㬥蠥     ᮢ뢠 墮-
 ,     . ᫨ -
饩 , ਤ ᦠ 㡮  ᪠,  ⥬ -
 饬 ࠩ ᯫ饭 㡮窨 ᡮ.

6. 祭    ᫥ ஢ ஬  -
⢨ 뢮  ( 砥 ) 몠  -
  業ࠫ쭮 . ࠫ ⠪   ⠯-
  BNC-,  襢    
஭    ஭.  ࠩ 譥 窨   
室  ⠫᪮  㡮窨 - ,  ঠ騩
⮫쪮  ⪥ ,  ࢥ.

 ,    BNC-஢ ॡ -
ண 몠.  ᫨  ᮡࠥ    "⮭ -
ᨠ",           ᮬ,  ⮡
- 㤠   ⠢      室
᫠ ஢.  :    ⢥-
 (ᮢ᪨ ⨯ -50) BNC-.   ࠧ
⥬  ७  (    ᪠),  ਭ 
  ,     ⫨   ࠧࠬ:
ᮢ᪨   ,      ࠧꥬ 
訬 㤮 -   .  ⮬    ⥩  
"⮭  ᨠ"  㦭  ᯮ짮  ⮫쪮 ""
BNC-.

------------------------------------------------------------
3. Ethernet 10BASE-T (᪮ 10 /,  
   業  堡 -   100 )

" ".  ᫨  10BASE-5  10BASE-2   設,
 10BASE-T 譥 룫廊  "".   -
   㣮 १ ᯥ樠쭮 ன⢮ -  ..
業 (堡,   hub).   ᬥ 業ࠬ
室  (ᢨ  switch).  ᮥ-
    堡 (ᢨ祬)   १ ⮩   
 100  (⠪  뢠 UTP -  ࠭஢
 ),   ண   RJ-45. 
10-⭮  10BASE-T ਣ  ⨯  UTP-3,  
  ( 㦭) ᯮ짮  UTP-5,  ⠭
  ᪮  100BASE-T.   100BASE-T -
室    UTP-5.  100-⭠    뢠 Fast
Ethernet (" Ethernet").   ⥢  ,  -
業      ন   10,  ⠪  100
/,  ⠪ ࠧ, ᫨ ᯮ짮  UTP-5, ᪮-
      롨   ᨬ  ᯮ㥬
㤮,  ண  ⥬.

  UTP  8 ஢, 祭 ୮ (4 
).   ⥩襬 砥 ( ᯮ짮 " -
",   Full Duplex) 㦭  ᥣ 2   . -
⥫  UTP          ४
(crossed,  crossover).   ᮥ  
堡.  ४ -  堡   㣨  (祬,  ᥩ
 堡  ᢨ ⮬᪨ ४ ,  -
 室 ⮫쪮 묨 ﬨ).  祬,   堡
 ᮥ   , ᯮ ᯥ樠 
Uplink    堡.    祭 ४⭮
 - ᮥ 2- ஢ ,   ᯮ짮-
 堡 (ᢨ).     2- ஢    祭
㤮 襭.

  룫廊  10BASE-T (100BASE-T):
(HUB - 業, SWITCH - , RJ45 - ࠧꥬ 
祭  १  ⮩      堡   ࠬ;
PC1...PCn - ᮭ )

     ------------------------------------------------
     |                                              |
     |                    HUB (SWITCH)              |
     |                                              |
     | Port:   1       2       3              n     |
     | Link:                                    |
     |                                              |
     --------RJ45----RJ45----RJ45--- - - ---RJ45-----
               |               |              |
               |               |              |
         ------                 -----          -------
        |                            |                |
    --RJ45--                     --RJ45--         --RJ45--
    |      |                     |      |         |      |
    | PC1  |                     | PC2  |         | PCn  |
    --------                     --------         --------

⥩訩 ਠ  10BASE-T (100BASE-T):

    --------                     --------
    |      |     crossed (X)     |      |
    | PC1  RJ45---------------RJ45  PC2 |
    |      |                     |      |
    --------                     --------

 UTP ᮤন 4  ஢:
1 : ࠭  -࠭,
2 :   -,
3 : ᨭ  -ᨭ,
4 : 筥  -筥.

㬥 ⠪⮢   RJ-45 ⠪:

    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
   -----------------
  |         |
  |         |
  |                 |
  |                 |
  |                 |
  |                 |
  |                 |
  |-----------------|
  |  -------------  |
  | |   䨪  | |
  |  -------------  |
   -----------------
      |         |
      |   UTP   |
      |         |

⮡  אַ ,     㦭  
᫥騬 ࠧ:

1 ⠪ - -࠭ ஢
2 ⠪ - ࠭
3 ⠪ - -ᨭ ஢
6 ⠪ - ᨭ ஢

⮡  ४ ,    
 ⠪,  ᠭ ,  㣮 - :

1 ⠪ - -ᨭ ஢
2 ⠪ - ᨭ
3 ⠪ - -࠭ ஢
6 ⠪ - ࠭ ஢

------------------------------------------------------------
  RJ-45 㦭   ᯥ樠 饩
(⠪,  祬,    BNC-  ⮭ ᨠ-
), , ⮡  2-4 , 易⥫쭮 㯠
:    ᤥ   筮 ⮭ ( 
ன!)  ⢥⪨.    ⮬  㦭  㪨  
  ᪠,   ⢥⪥ 㤠 쪮 ⪮.
窠    ⥬ ⠯ ⬠ᮢ
䨪 -        .  筮,
 ⢥⪮   ६,  ⢮ 砥-
 ᮪.   ࠩ 砥,   ⠪.

   RJ-45?
1. ⭮ 㤠 ਬ୮ 20 . 窨   
UTP,  । 祭 ஢   .

2. ᯫ     ﬨ  ஢    ⪥,
᢮  譥 窨 .

3.  ஢  ࠢ쭮 浪 (ਬ,   -
 ,  ᫥ ࠢ:  -࠭, ࠭, -
-ᨭ, , -, ᨭ, -筥, -
筥)  ᯮ  ਧ⠫쭮,   ᪮.

4.  १  ஢,  ⮡    㯠  
窨       -  10...12 .  
 饩  ⮣  ᯥ樠 אַ .

5. ⠢ ஢   RJ-45 ⠪, ⮡  
冷  ஢.    ஢    ᢮ 
 ᨬ쭮  .  窠   -
  ⬠ᮢ 䨪஬.

6.   頬  ⢥⪮.   ⠫-
᪨ ⠪ ⠯     ப-
 ᢮ 묨 稪  ஢,  ਦ
  ⮪஢騬 . ஬ ⮣,  ⬠ᮢ 䨪-
   ,   UTP  
.  ,    ,   
㦥  ,  ᯥ稢 筮  ९ -
.

------------------------------------------------------------
᫥ ⮣,   ⥢  ஫,  ࠧꥬ  
ᮥ,  㦭 㡥  ࠢ .  "⮭
ᨠ" (10BASE-2)  ⮣ 㦥 .  ᫨  -
 祭,   ᮯ⨢  ⪮ 
  業ࠫ쭮    25  (  -
 , ᮥ   T-஢  ⥢ -
).   ᫨ ᮥ   ନ஢,   
  ,  ਡ   ਬ୮ 50  ,
  . 誮   ᫨誮 訥 ᮯ-
⨢ ᢨ⥫   몠    宬  ⠪
(  뢥).   ᮦ,  ᨠ  ࠧꥬ  ।
 ⠪  稭  ᫥.  ᫨  襢  
ࠧꥬ, ⠪  ⠭...

 砥  ⮩ ன  .   業  -
 "Link".  ᫨ ⥢  祭    ࠢ
ࠡ饩 ⥢ ,   ""  ᢥ-
.   ⥢ ,  㤮 ࠧꥬ RJ-45, ⠪
 ᢥ⮤  "Link".  㦭 ,  -
 ⥢   뢠  ࠢ    裡
ࠧ  ᫥ 祭 ,    ॡ -
㧪 ࠩ஢.    ⥢   
    ६...    ⮬  砥 室 뢠
⮫쪮   堡 (ᢨ).

------------------------------------------------------------
 ⠪ MAC- ⥢ ?     ,
㠫   ⥢ .   ࠭ 
   룫廊,   ⭠ ,
 ࠧ  來 ﬨ (   
IP-ᮬ,  ᯮ騬     ᮪,  ணࠬ
஢   TCP/IP      ᮬ,  砥    
Novell Netware!      롮 ⥢ ண-
ࠬ ᯥ祭).

 㧭 ehternet- ⥢ ?
 ⮣   ᯮᮡ:

) ᬮ  ⨪,  ਪ  ⥢ . 
設⢥      ,   ன ᠭ
MAC-    (    16-    ),    ਬ:
00A0CC568B3B  EA=00500417C556.

)    DOS ⨫ 䨣樨 ⥢ .  
設⢠ ⥢   ⨫  ᬮ   -
ன  ࠬ஢, ⠪ :
-  뢠 (IRQ, ਬ, 5, 10  11)
-  -뢮 (., 220H, 300H  340H)
- ﭨ BootROM (祭-몫祭)
- ० Plug and Play (祭-몫祭)
- ⨯ ⥢ 䥩 (BNC,  RJ-45, AUI  ⮬-
    ।)
- প  㯫 (祭-몫祭)
- 롮 ᪮ (10/100 /, ⮫쪮  RJ-45)
-  ⨬樨 ࠡ ⥢   (᪮쪮    -
  ⭮, 砥 ⮫쪮   3com, ਬ "DOS-",
  "Windows-",  "ࢥ"   "ᨬ쭠  ந-
  ⥫쭮", "쭠 㧪 "...).
 ⨫  ஢ ⥢  ,    쬠
, ᫨ 㦭 㡥  ⢨ 䫨⮢  -
ࠢ .   ⮡ࠦ MAC- .

)    ࠩ      ᪥   뢮      ࠭
ethernet-  ⥢ .  ᫨   ࠢ ,
 ᪮॥ ᥣ, ⥢   䫨  -
஬.  ,  ࠬ ࠩ,  
 ப,  㪠 ୮,   ࠩ 
室  ⥢ .   , ਬ, 뢮  -
࠭  ࠩ  3Com905 Fast Etherlink XL:

NIC Type:                3C905 Fast Etherlink XL PCI NIC
Bus Type:                PCI                      
Slot:                    10 (0xA)
BusNo:                   0 (0x0)
I/O base:                58368 (0xE400)
Interrupt:               12 (0xC)
Transceiver:             MII based connector
Link Speed:              Half Duplex  100 (0x64) Defaulted 
Ethernet Address:        00:60:08:53:0D:E0
Packet Driver Interrupt: 97 (0x61)
