




                                                Vickers S.






      *******************************************************
      *******************************************************
      **                                                   **
      **    ணࠬ஢  몥 BASIC    **
      **             ⥬  ZX-SPECTRUM               **
      **                                                   **
      *******************************************************
      *******************************************************



                                -2-

                            ঠ
                            ----------
 1
        .................................................  4
        楯樨 ணࠬਢ  몥 BASIC ...............  8
        ணࠬ,  ப,।஢ ணࠬ  ᯮ-
          ' '   EDIT, RUN, LIST, GO,CONTINUE
        INPUT, NEW, REM, PRINT, STOP,  , INPUT, BREAK.
 3
        ਭ⨥ 襭......................................... 17
        IF,STOP, -, <, >, <-, >-, <>
 4
        ࣠ 横....................................... 19
        FOR, NEXT, TO, STEP,  横 FOR-NEXT
 5
        ணࠬ............................................. 23
        GO SUB, RETURN
 6
        READ, DATA, RESTORE...................................... 25
 7
        ࠦ................................................ 27
        ⥬᪨ ࠦ ᯮ騥 +, -, *, /, 
        ⥬ 祭   ६.
 8
        ப................................................... 30
        ࠢ ப  १.
 9
        㭪樨.................................................. 32
        㭪樨, ।塞 짮⥫,   㣨, 騥
         稨  ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM 㭪樨,ᯮ騥 DEF
        LEN, STRS, VAL, SGN, ABS, INT, SQR,FN.
 10
        ⥬᪨ 㭪樨................................... 37
        ⥬᪨ 㭪樨, 騥   ਣ-
        ᪨ 㭪樨: PI, EXP, LN, SIN, COS, TAN, ASN, ATN.
 11
        砩 ᫠.......................................... 42
        ᯮ짮 RANDOMIZE  RND.
 12
        ᨢ.................................................. 45
        ப  ᫮ ᨢ.
 13
        ᫮.................................................. 48
        ᪨ ࠦ AND, OR, NOT.
 14
         ᨬ........................................... 50
        ᠭ  ᨬ ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM, -
        ᪨ ᨬ  ᮧ  ᮡ⢥ ᪨
        ᨬ: CODE, CHR$, POKE, PEEK, USR, BIN.
 15
        ⥫ ᢥ   PRINT  INPUT......... 56
          ਬ    ਬ ࠧ-
        ⥫ ; , ', TAB, AT, LINE, CLS.
 16
        ⭮ ந.................................. 62
        INK, PAPER, FLASH, BRIGHT, INVERSE, BORDER.

                                -3-

 17
        䨪.................................................. 71
        PLOT, DRAW, CIRCLE, POINT.
 18
        ................................................. 76
        ⥧ ᪨ ࠦ  ᯮ짮 
        PAUSE, PEEC, INKEYS.
 19
        㪮 ᨣ.................................... 80
        ᯮ짮 㪮 ᨣ ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM  -
          BEEP.
 20
          .......................................... 84
        ࠠ ணࠬ  ⭮ : SEVE, LOAD, VERIFY,
        MERGE,BEEP.
 21
        饥 ன⢮ ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM ............... 90
        LLIST, LPRINT, COPI.
 22
        ⥫쭮 㤮.............................. 92
         ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM  㣨 設  -
        ன⢠.
 23
         IN  OUT......................................... 93
         /뢮   ᯮ짮: IN, OUT.
 24
        騥 ன⢠.................................. 95
        ७ ࠡ ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM: CLEAR.
 25
        ⥬ ६.....................................103
 26
        ᯮ짮 設 .............................107
          USR  ᫮ 㬥⮬.

                        ਫ
                        ----------
A.    ᨬ..............................................110

.   饭...................................................115

.   ( 1) ᠭ ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM  ࠢ..........119

.   ( 2)  BASIC........................................123

D.   ਬ ணࠬ.........................................136

E.   筠  ⭠筠 ⥬ ᫥.............143

     । 㪠⥫........................................146

                                -4-

                               1.
                              -------

                              

        ᨬ  ⮣, ⠫   ᭠砫  㯨⥫ ⮬,
 砫  אַ  ⮩ ,   ,   
믮 ࠧ ,     稭    ࠭ 
쭥襣 ᯮ짮. ஬ ⮣,室  ।⠢
  PRINT, LET  INPUT, ᯮ  ⥬ SPECT-
RUM.

          ணࠬ஢  몥 "BASIC" 稭 
७  , ।⠢  㯨⥫쭮 -
,   ⥫쭮 訬 ஡ﬨ, ண ।
,   , 祣  ᫥.     -
 ࠦ,   ᫥ ஢  ⥭ -
樨,⠪     ࠦ   , -
  ⥪ 㠫஢ . ᬠਢ  ࠦ   믮
  ,    ।⠢ ᮡ ,  ᭨
 ,   筮  ⢮.
            , த ᯮ짮 ᫨⥫
設. ᫨     " ᫨⥫쭠 設 ᤥ,
᫨  ᪠  -  -?",  ⢥ 㤥 : ⠩
  ᬮ. 直 ࠧ,   樨 ᪠ -
⠩ -, ᥣ  ᥡ  "  
 ⮣?"  ⠩   ⢥.    -
  ᮡ⢥ ணࠬ, ⥬   㤥   ᫨-
⥫ 設.
         樨  ணࠬ஢ ।⠢ ᪮-
 ਫ. ਫ  ࠧ  ᯮᮡ ࣠樨
, ᠬ 樨  ᫠,  ॠ ᫨-
⥫쭠 設,    ਬ ணࠬ,   
⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM.

                                -5-

                            .

          ⥬ ।⠢ ᮡ  ⮫쪮  ᨬ-
,   ᫮ ⥫  (祢 ᫮, 㭪-
権  .), 祬        ,   
  ⤥ ᨬ.     㭪権   -
       ࠧ稬 祭, -
 筮 ।⠢ ᬥ饭  (.. ⨥  -
 CAPS SHIFT,⠪   SYMBOL SHIFT ६, ॡ-
 ⨥  ), 筮 ᯮ짮 設   ࠧ-
 ०.
        ࠡ 㪠뢠 ஬  娢饩 㪢,-
 뢠,     ᨬ  .
         (  祢 ᫮ ) ⮬᪨  ० L,
 ᫨⥫쭠 設    ப ணࠬ (
᪫祭   ),  樨  ப ᫨⥫-
 設 ,     ப  祢  ᫮,
..  砫 ப  ࠧ ᫥ THEN   ࠧ ᫥ 
(᪫祭 ।⠢ ࠡ  ᨬ묨 ப).   -
⢨ ᬥ饭 ᫥  㤥  ஢    
祢 ᫮, ᠭ  ⮩ ,   .
          ⠫쭮 ६ 筮   ० L( 㪢).
 ⢨ ᬥ饭  ᫥  㤥 ஢ 
⢥  ᨬ  ⮩  ( ॣ  㪢).
          ० (  ) ( L ) SIMBOL SHIFT      
஢  ᯮ⥫  ᨬ  ⮩ -
,  CAPS SHIFT  ஢ 襩  㤥  ஢  
ࠢ 㭪, ᠭ    梥⮬    ⮩  襩.
CAPS SHIFT  㣨  蠬    祢 ᫮  ०
K ,   ०  L  ᬥ饭  (CAPS SHIFT) ॢ  
 孨   㪢.
         C (  㪢) ।⠢ ᮡ  ਠ -
 L, ⮬  ० C  㪢   .  -
 CAPS LOCK (䨪 ) 뢠  ० L  -
 C  ⭮.
      E ( ७) ᯮ  祭  -
 ᨬ,  ᭮ - ⥫ .  ० -
 ᫥ ⮣,    ᬥ饭  ६  -
 ⮫쪮  祭   . ⮬ ० -
   ᨬ   ⥫  ( 뢠 
梥⮬  襩 ),᫨ ᬥ饭 ;᫨     
ᬥ饭,  㤥 ஢ 㣮 祭 ( 
梥⮬  襩). ஢   ⥫ ,-
     襩 SYMBOL SHIFT ( ᬥ饭 ᨬ ), 
⨢ 砥    梥  ஢  ᫥⥫쭮.
        G ( 䨪)   ᫥ ⮣,  -
 GRAPHICS (䨪) (CAPS SHIFT  9)  த    ,
   㤥  ᭮    ᠬ  㤥   9.
஢  㤥   䨪 ,    ᢮
 GRAPHICS   DELETE   㪢  V, W,
X, Y, Z,  ।塞 짮⥫ 䨪.
       ᫨   䨪  ⮬    -
祭 2  3 ᥪ㭤, 㤥  ७ .
         ᨬ      -
࠭ ⠪,  ⠥  ᨬ,祬 㪠 ᨬ (-
 ᨬ  ᬥ蠭 ⥫ )   KK  A
। ஬.       ६饭    蠬
CAPS SHIFT  5  ࠢ 蠬 CAPS SHIFT  8. । -
஬       DELETE (  CAPS SHIFT
 0). (⨬,   ப      ⠭   EDIT
( CAPS SHIFT  1),   ᫥ ENTER.)

                                -6-

           ENTER (), ந室 믮 -
 ப,   ணࠬ  ॠ    (IN-
PUT) ᮮ⢥⢥, ᫨ ⮫쪮  ப  ᮤন ᨭ⠪-
 訡.   ⮬ 砥  冷  訡 ⥫
 (?),  娢.
        ப ணࠬ  孥  ࠭ -
ந ⨭. ᫥  ப 뢠  ⥪饩
ப  㪠뢠 ᨬ > ,    ६饭  -
짮  ५  ( CAPS SHIFT  6)   ५
 ( CAPS SHIFT  7). ᫨     EDIT ( 
CAPS SHIFT  1), ⥪ ப  ॢ        
࠭,    ।஢.
        ।஢ -    ॠ樨 -
 ணࠬ  孥   ࠭  ந  室
ᨣ,   ⠬   ,   㤥   -
- ணࠬ ப   㤥   EDIT   -
⮩ ப      ५   .  
⮬    ࠭   ᮮ饭,  ।⠢饥  
(  㪢),  ।⠢  ਫ B.  ᮮ饭
⠥  ࠭   ,  㤥  - -
 (   㤥 㪠 ० K ).
       । ⥫⢠  CAPS SHIFT  襩
SPACE   BREAK (뢠), ⠭  ᫨⥫
蠭  ᮮ饭 D  L.  ।:
         1.   ।  ६ ண ணࠬ 
         2.  ६ ᯮ짮 ᫨⥫쭮 設 ⭮
            뢠饣 ன⢠  饣 ன⢠.

                                -7-

                         ࠭

         ࠭  24 ப,  32 ᨬ  -
,  ࠧ   .   ࠭  ᠬ
襥 22 ப  ந  ⨭,    뢮  
ணࠬ .  ந  孥  ࠭ -
⨣   ࠭,  ந ६頥  -
 ப. ᫨  ⢨   ᮡ  ப,
    뫮  㢨,  ᫨⥫쭠 設  -
⠭  ᮮ饭 SCROLL? (६饭?). ⨥  N,
SPACE  STOP ⢨ ணࠬ ⠭  ᮮ饭 D  BREAK-
CONT REPEAT   㣠    த -
饭.   ࠭ ᯮ   , ணࠬ-
 ப   (INPUT) ,  ⠪  ந ᮮ-
饭.   ࠭  㭪樮    ய᪮    ப
(  ப  ),     ࠭   
ᯮᮡ  ⮬,  㤥 ᠭ.  ଠ ⨣-
 ⥪饩 믨뢠 樨  孥   ࠭, 쭥襥
७ 㤥 ⢫  ६饭 ଠ樨  孥
 ࠭ .

                                -8-

                               2
                              -------

                楯樨 ணࠬ஢  몥 BASIC

                        ⪮ ᮤঠ
                ணࠬ
                 ப
                ஢ ணࠬ  ᯮ짮 
                ५ , ५ ,  EDIT
                 RUN, LIST
                 GO TO, CONTINUE, INPUT, NEW, REM, PRINT
                 STOP   INPUT
                 BREAK

                        ᠭ

          㪠  ப ணࠬ  ᫨⥫-
 設  ᯥ⪨ 㬬  ᥫ.

                20 PRINT A
                10 LET A=10

 ⮬  ࠭ 㤥 ந:
                .---------------------------------------.
                !                                       !
                !  10>LET A=10                          !
                !  20 PRINT A                           !
                !                                       !
                !                                       !
                !                                       !
                !                                       !
                !  [K]                                  !
                :_______________________________________!

         㦥 㪠뢠 ࠭,  裡  ⥬,    ப
稭  ஢,   믮 ,  -
  ⢥ ணࠬ ப. ஬ ⮣, ᫥  ,
  ப ࠢ 浪 ப  ணࠬ, 祭
  ॠ樨 ணࠬ, 祬   䠪 ࠦ    
浪 ப  ⨭,   㢨  ࠭.
             ⮫쪮  ᫮, ⮬ ᫥ -

                15 LET B=15

  ⠭.    ,     
 ப   묨,᫨  ப 뫨  ஭㬥஢
ࠬ 1  2  ᥫ 10  20 ( ப     楫
᫮  1  9999),  祬  ࢮ  ணࠬ ᫥
易⥫쭮 ⠢ ஬⪨  㬥樨 ப.
        ⥬ 室  ப 20 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

                20 PRINT A+B

         뫮   ப ,    -
짮 ।⢮ EDIT, ᠭ  㯨⥫쭮 ⮬.  > 
ப 15 뢠 ணࠬ ஬,  ப, ன  -
  ⥪饩 ப. 筮  ᫥ ப, -
  ,   ६饭 ணࠬ     
  ᯮ짮  ५   ५ .(-
⠩  ᤥ, ⠢  筮   ணࠬ  
 ப  ஬ 20).

                                -9-

         ⨨  EDIT    ࠭ 㤥  -
⠭  ⥪饩 ப,   砥  ப 20. 䨪-
  ==>       ,   L 
६   ப,  ⥬ ⠩

                +B  ( ENTER)

          ப 㤥 룫拉 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

                20 PRINT A+B

         ENTER - ப 㤥 ,  ⮬  ࠭
㤥 룫拉 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

                .---------------------------------------.
                !                                       !
                !  10 LET A=10                          !
                !  15 LET B=15                          !
                !  20>PRINT A+B                         !
                !                                       !
                !                                       !
                !                                       !
                !  [K]                                  !
                :_______________________________________!

         ண ணࠬ   RUN  ENTER, ᫥ -
 㤥 ந 㬬  ᥫ.
         ॠ ணࠬ ண,  ⥬ ⠩:

                PRINT A,B

        ६  ,  ணࠬ 㦥 稫  ᢮
ࠡ.
         ⢮ ᯮᮡ ⪨     ࠭
।⢮  EDIT.   㧪    ( 
ENTER ), A ⥬ ᫥ ᥣ ,    ⮣. ᯮ-
ᮡ ࠭ 砥  䨪樨  DELETE  ⮬ -
   ,  ப  㩤  ࠭; 㣮 ᯮᮡ ⮨
 ᫥饬:  ⨨  EDIT        ࠭
㤥   ⥪饩 ப.᫨ ⥯   ENTER
⥪ ப 㤥 饭 ⭮  ணࠬ ,  -
⠢ ᢮   ࠭.
        ᫨   ப  訡, ᪠

                12 LET B=8

    ணࠬ    訡 १. -
࠭ ⮩ 㦭 ப ᫥ 

                12 (ࠧ㬥  ENTER)

         ,  祧 ணࠬ .   -
,   ⠫  ப 10  15, ⮬ ,  ᫨  
  ५ , ६   ப 10,
 ᫨    ५ ,  ६    
ப 15.
                ⠥:

                12 ( ENTER)

                                -10-

        ணࠬ    ப 10  15.-
 ᫥   EDIT  ப 15 㤥 ६ 
᫨ ணࠬ  ⠭   ப,  EDIT ᬥ-
  ᫥ ப ᫥    ப.  
⪨   ࠭ ᫥  ENTER.
         ⠩:

                30 ( ENTER)

          ६ ணࠬ  ⠭ ᫥ 砭 ண-
ࠬ ,᫨    EDIT,ப 20 㤥 ᤢ 
        ᫥ ⮣ ⠩:

                LIST 15

          ࠭ 

                15 LET B=15
                20 PRINT A+B

        ப 10 祧  ࠭,     室  襩
ணࠬ,  祬  㡥 ⨥  ENTER. ⢥
ﭨ ࠦ LIST 15 砥  ᮧ  ⨭,  
稭  ப 15,   ⠭ ணࠬ   ப
15. ᫨ ᬠਢ ணࠬ 筮 ,,  ᥩ -
,  LIST  㤥  樮쭠  ⢫ -
६饭, 祬 ᯮ짮   ६饭  ணࠬ  
 ५   .
        㪠    㭪 ஢ ப - -
   ணࠬ ப,    뫠  ⠪,
    ६.
         LIST ᠬ  ᥡ ॠ  ⨭  砫
ணࠬ.
          , ।⠢  㯨⥫쭮 ⮬,-
   NEW.
         ⮩     ணࠬ   ६
 ᫨⥫쭮 設.  ⥫쭮  ணࠬ,-
 ॢ ࠤ ७  ࠤ 楫:

                10 REM TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
                20 PRINT "DEG F","DEG C"
                30 PRINT
                40 INPUT "ENTER DEG F",F
                50 PRINT F,(F-32)*5/9
                60 GO TO 40

        ⭮,   ப 10 室  ᫮:  ८-
ࠧ ⥬. ஬ ⮣, ᫥ 㪠,  GO TO
  祢 ᫮ ( G),   뢠  ஡-
.
         ᫥ ॠ ண ⮩  ணࠬ.   ⮬
 ࠭  ,।塞 ப 20, ப 10 -
. ᭮,  ᫨⥫쭠 設    .
⢨⥫쭮, 祢 ᫮ REM  ப 10 ⠭   
砭  ,   ⢥,  ⠥  ⮣,
  ணࠬ.  REM ⮨  祢 ᫮ REM, 
 ᫥ ,  室  ணࠬ,  ᫨-
⥫쭠 設 㤥 ஢ ,  ⠭   -
 ப.

                                -11-

         ⮣, ᫨⥫쭠 設   INPUT 
ப 40  ,  ணࠬ ⠥ 祭  ६-
 F - ᪠ -⠬,    ,  -
  L.  ᫮,  뢠  ENTER.   ᫨⥫-
 設 ந १   ᫥饣 ᫠.  ॠ-
  ப 60 GO TO 40,  砥 筮 ,
᪠ ( ३  ப 40). 室  ணࠬ  ⠭-
 ᫨⥫쭠 設 室 ⭮  ப 40  ᭮ -
 ࠡ.  ⮬ ᫥   ⥬.
        ᫥ ᪮쪨  ࠧ ⥬  㬠,
 ᫨⥫쭠 設 横,    ⠪. ᫥騩
ࠧ,  ᫨⥫쭠 設 ॠ    㣮  ᫮,
᫥   STOP.᫨⥫쭠 設 ୥ 
 ᮮ饭 H STOP IN INPUT IN LINE 40:1, ஥ । 祬
⠭ ᫨⥫쭠 設  : ࢮ  ப 40.
         室 த ணࠬ, ᫥ 

                CONTINUE

 ᫨⥫쭠 設 ॠ   ᫥饥 ᫮.
         ᯮ짮  CONTINUE ᫨⥫쭠 設 -
  ப  ᫥ ᫠ ᮮ饭, ᪮ 
  O'KEY,  室 ⭮  ⮩ ப.   砥 
砥 室  ப 40 (   INPUT ).
         ப 60  GOTO 31,    ⨬  
ॠ樨 ண ணࠬ.᫨  ப   GO TO -
  ப, 室 㤥 ॠ  ᫥-
  ᫥ 㪠  ⮩  ப.     ᠬ  -
⢫    RUN, 䠪᪨  RUN ᠬ    ᥡ
砥 RUN 0.
         ᫥  ᫠   , ࠭  㤥
.  ࠭ , ᫨⥫쭠  設  ६
   ᮤন ࠭   ப    ᢮-
   祧 孥 ப. ⢨ 뢠-
 ६饭.
          ⠭  ⮣, ⠭  ணࠬ, ᯮ
 STOP,   ⨭     ENTER.
           ப 50,।   PRINT.
 ⮬ । 祭  㭪 -  ⮩ ( , )  
    ᫥ ,    稭
⥫쭮  । ࠢ, 祬 㭪  ᪮
몠.
         ᯮ  ॠ樨 砫    -
 ,   । ࠭  ᨬ  ⮣,  ᫥
 ⮩.  ᢥ ⮣, ப 50  ।  -
祭 ⥬  ࠤ 楫  । ப. 㣮 -
஭,  稨 窨  ⮩ ᫥騩   ப -
 ࠧ ᫥ ।饩.   㢨  ப 50, ᫨ -
     ⮩.
        㣨  㭪樨,  ᯮ짮  -
 PRINT,   (').  ॠ  ⮣, 
,  砫 ᫥饩 ப  ࠭,   ந-
   砥     PRINT, ⮬   ᫥
ᯮ짮  ᫨誮 . 祬  PRINT  -
KE 50 ᥣ 稭    ப,    ப  30
⢫ ய ப.
        ᫨   ।   ᤥ ⠪, ⮡  ᫥
  PRINT, ᫥  室  ⮩   ப,
  ᫥ 㪠 ࢮ  ⠢   
 ⮩.  ⮣, ⮡ ᬮ    ॠ, 
ப 50   浪   ᫥ ப:

                                -12-

                50 PRINT F,
                50 PRINT F;
                50 PRINT F

᫥ ⮣ ᫥ ࠥ ண  ᨨ- ४⭮
ࠢ   :

                50 PRINT F'

          ( ⮩) ࠭    
, ன  (  窮  ⮩ ) ᦨ    
,⨩  ( ⮩   窨  ⮩) ।-
  ப   , ..  ⮦,  -
  䮬,     ப ᠬ  ᥡ,
頥 ⮬᪨ 室   ப.
        室  ࠧ  ⮩  窮   ⮩
  PRINT       稥 ( : ), ஥
ᯮ  ࠧ    ப.
         室   ⥫ ப:

                100 REM THIS POLITE PROGRAM REMEMBERS YOUR NAME
                110 INPUT N$
                120 PRINT "HELLO";N$;"!"
                130 GO TO 110

        ਩  ப 100 - ᪠ ணࠬ -
  .
         ணࠬ ᮡ  ।饩 ணࠬ,   -
 ࠭ ६  ᫨⥫쭮 設.  ॠ樨 -
  ணࠬ, ᫥ 

                RUN 100

         裡  ⥬,   ணࠬ    ᨬ  ப
 ᫠,  ⠥  ப 窨 -  
 ,  筮 ᢮   . ⠩   
ୠ⨢, ⮡  ⮬ 㡥.
         ᫥饬 ६ 横  ᭮    ப
窨,  ᫨   㦭,     ᯮ짮. -
⠩   ਬ.   (   ==>   
DELETE )  ⠩

                N$

              ப 祪, ᫨-
⥫쭠 設 ,    ந -  -
: ᫥   砥   宦  祭
६,  N$,   , ஥  -
⠫  ⥪饬 ६ 横. ⢥,  । INPUT
  । LET N$=N$, ⮬ 祭 N$   -
.
         ᫥饬 ६ 横  ࠢ ᫥ 
N$ ᭮,   ࠧ  ࠭ ப  祪. , ⮡
  , ६ N$  祭 "N$".
       ᫨   ᯮ짮  STOP  ப -
, ᭠砫   ६  , 砫  -
, ᯮ  <==.

                                -13-

        ⥬    । RUN 100, ஥ -
 ࠭.   ࠧ  ॠ 室  ப 100.  
,      ⮣  ᪠ GO TO 100?  뢠,
   砥 ⢥  㤥  ⢥न⥫,   
ࠧ   ⨬ ।ﬨ. । RUN 100 ᭠砫
頥  ६  ࠭, ᫥ ⮣ 㭪樮  ।-
 GO TO 100. । GO TO 100   頥  祣. 뢠
砨,  室 ॠ ண ணࠬ,   -
 ६, ⮣ 室  GO TO,   RUN MO-
  । ﭨ, ⮬   ࠡ뢠  ਢ
⮬᪨   RUN  ॠ樨 ண ணࠬ
          ணࠬ  ⠭, ⠪     ⠫
 STOP  室 ப;  ( 訡)   ண-
ࠬ,    ⠭    ⠭ ᠬ.
⠩:
                200 GO TO 200
                RUN 200

        룫廊 ⠪,  ணࠬ 㤥 த 筮,
᫨ ⮫쪮   ⪫ ⠭;      ࠤ-
쭮 ।⢮. 室    CAPS SHIFT    襩
SPACE,  ᠭ   ஬ BREAK.   ணࠬ  㤥
⠭  ᮮ饭 L BREAK INTO PROGRAM (⠭  ணࠬ).
           । ணࠬ ,  
,  ᫨  ,  ணࠬ 㤥 ⠭.஬ -
,  BREAK   ᯮ짮  ࠡ   -
뢠騬 ன⢮  騬 ன⢮,  ⠪  ࠧ-
묨 㣨 ﬨ ⥬,   ᮥ  -
⥫쭮 設 -  ⮬ 砥,   ᫨⥫쭠  設
, ⮡  ᤥ - 室,    ⮣.
          砥  㣮 ᮮ饭 - D BREAK- CONT
REPEARTS.  CONTUNIE  ⮬ 砥 ( 䠪᪨   設-
⢥ 㣨 砥 ) ॠ ७ ⮣  ।, 
ணࠬ 뫠 ⠭,  ᫥ ᮮ饭  L BREAK INTO PRO-
GRAM ( 뢠  ணࠬ ),  CONTUNIE ॠ -
室 אַ  ᫥饬 ।, ᫥ ࠧ襭   -
室,   ॠ.
         ண  ணࠬ ,  뤠
,   :

                N$   (᫥ 㤠 祪)

       N$  । ६,⮬   -
饭  訡 2 VARIABLE NOT FOUND (६  ).
        ᫨ ⥯ 

                LET N$="SOMETHING DEFINITE" (- ।),

஥  ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ᮮ饭 0 OK,0:1 

                CONTUNIE

 ,    ᯮ짮 N$  ⢥ 室  
 - ⭮⥩.
         ⮬ 砥   CONTUNIE  ᮢ蠥  室  
 INPUT  ப 110. ⮬  ਭ   ᮮ-
饭  । LET, ⠪   ⮬ ᮮ饭 ᪠ "OK" (-
),  ॠ 室  ,   뫪  -
饬 ᮮ饭 (.. ࢠ   ப 110).  -
 祭 ⢮. ᫨ ணࠬ ⠭ -  -
- 訡,    ᮢ  ⢨, ⮡ 䨪-
ࠢ ,  ᫥ ⮣ த ࠡ   CONTUNIE.

                                -14-

         㦥 뫮 㯮 ࠭, ᮮ饭 L BREAK INTO PROGRAM
 ᯥ᪨, ⠪  ᫥   CONTUNIE   -
  ,  ன ⠭ ணࠬ.
        ⮬᪠ 뤠 ⨭ (⨭,   -
 १⮬ ࠡ  LIST,   ᫥  
ப)   . ᫨  ⠥  ணࠬ    50
ப । REM:

                1  REM
                2  REM
                3  REM
                ......
                49 REM
                50 REM

  㤥 ᯮᮡ  ᯥਬ.
         ,   , 砥  ⮬,  
⥪ ப ( >) ᥣ   ࠭    筮 
 ।.
        ⠩

                LIST  ( 筮 ENTER)

,  ᫨⥫쭠 設 ॠ   ६饭 ( -
 ⮣,  ࠭ ),  N  "NO". ᫨⥫쭠 -
設 뤠 ᮮ饭 D BREAK-CONT REPEARTS,    ⠫
BREAK.  - ⠤    ᭨,   ,  ᫨
   N  Y, ⮬ N,SPACE  STOP  -
  NO,   ⠫ - YES.
          祭 ⮬᪨ 뤠 ⨭  -
室   ENTER,  ⮬  ࠭    㢨
ப  1  22. ⥬ ᫥ 

                23 REM

    ࠭ ப  2  23. ⠩

                28 REM

  ࠭   ப  7  28.(   ,  
 ப,  ६頥 ணࠬ , ⮬  ࠧ
 ⨭).
             룫廊 ᪮쪮 ﭭ.-
᪨ ᫨⥫쭠 設 ⠥  筮 ,   , 
裡  ⥬,   -⢠ ।᪠㥬, ᫨⥫쭠  -
設  ᥣ 뢠 ࠢ쭮.
        ᫨⥫쭠 設 ࠭  ⮫쪮  ⥪  ଠ,
 ⠪   ப ࠭.  ᫨⥫쭠 設  -
 ࣠ ⨭,    ࠢ  -
  ⥪饩 ப.
        ᫨  ப 室 ᫥,     窨,
।饩 砫, ⮬ ᫨⥫쭠 設  ᯮ ⥪-
 ப  ⢥  孥 ப  ॠ ⨭.
        㣨 ᫮ ⮤, ᯮ㥬 ᫨⥫쭮  設,
砥  ᮧ ⨭  孥 ப   த -
⪨   ,    㤥 ⨣  ⥪  ப;  
室 ॠ ६饭  ப. , ᫨⥫쭠
設 ᭠砫 ந     ⮣, ⮡  㡥,
᪮쪮 ६  ६饭, , ᫨ 㤥 ᭮,  -
 ⥫,  ᫨⥫쭠 設  ⠢    ப
, ⮡  뫠    ⥪饩 ப.,।

                                -15-

᢮  ப, ᫨⥫쭠 設  稭    ᮧ
⨭. ᫨ ,  ᫨⥫쭠 設  ⨣  
ணࠬ   ࠭   ⮬ ⥪ ப 㦥  
࠭,  ந ⠭ ᫨⥫쭮 設.㣨 ᫮-
, ᫨⥫쭠 設 ⢫ ६饭 ப  ࠭
  ,   ࠭   ⥪ ப,    
⥫쭮 ப,  ᯥ뢠  ᫨⥫쭠 設,
  ६  ப  ⠪, ⮡    ப
室  ⥪饩 ப.
         ᯥਬ  ⥪饩 ப 室 :

                 ப  REM

 ⮬  LIST ६頥 ⥪ ப,   -
, ⮬ ᫥騥 ᯥ⪨  ⫨. ਬ, -
⠩
                LIST

 ⮣,⮡  ⨭ LIST,  ⠬  ᭮  
ENTER  ࠧ  ⢥ 孥 ப ப 0.   ࠭
   ப  1  22. ⠩

                LIST 22

   ப  22  43.   ⨨   ENTER  
  ப  1  22.   ᢮⢮    -
⪨ ணࠬ,    .
        ᯮ  ணࠬ  ஢ REM,ᠭ 
⠥:
                LIST

 ⥬ N,  ᫨⥫쭠 設    ६饭. 
⠩
                CONTINUE

       CONTINUE  ன 㫮,⠪  -
  ࠭ ᢮;      ⠭ -
 ࠡ    BREAK.稭 ⮣  ,
  LIST  ࢮ   ப,⮬  CON-
TINUE   .  ᮦ, ⥯ ࢮ  -
 ᠬ  CONTINUE,⮬ ᫨⥫쭠 設 -
 ⥬,  ॠ ᭮  ᭮  CONTINUE   , -
    ⠭.
          , ⠢  LIST

                :LIST

 ன  CONTINUE  0 OK (⮬    CONTI-
NUE ॠ 室  ன   ப,  
殬 ப) 
                     ::LIST

 ன  CONTINUE  N STATEMENT LOST (ﭭ ।-
 N) ⮬    CONTINUE ᫥ ३   쥩
 ப,    ).
           ।ﬨ PRINT, LET,INPUT,RUN,
LIST, GO TO, CONTINUE, NEW  REM,   ᯮ짮  
 ।⢥ ᯮ塞 ,   ணࠬ ப
- ࠢ          몥  "BASIC"  ⥬
ZX-SPECTRUM.  ⬥,   RUN, LIST, CONTINUE  NEW
筮   ᯮ  ணࠬ,  ᯮ짮 -
.

                                -16-

                ࠦ

        1.  LIST  ணࠬ ⠪,⮡  ॠ樨
          ண  ᠬ ᯥ뢠.
        2. ணࠬ,ᯮ  ⢥ 室  -
           ,  ।  ᯥ⠩    -
          ⭮  (15%).  । PRINT  ⠪, ⮡
          ᫨⥫쭠 設 ᮮ騫,   , ᮡ-
                ௫  १砩
          .  ணࠬ  ⥬,⮡  -
             樥 ( ⮣, ⮡  ࠧ-
            㫥 ३⨭   ).
        3. ணࠬ  ᯥ⪨ ⥪饩 㬬 ᥫ, -
            . (।:    ६,
           TOTAL (㬬),⠭  砫 ࠡ 
          ,  ITEM (),塞  ࢮ ६,-
           ᯥ  ६  ॠ  横.)
        4.   ணࠬ  CONTINUE  NEW?    
           ।  ਬ  ?

                                -17-

                                3
                               -------

                            ਭ⨥ 襭

                ⪮ ᮤঠ

         IF, STOP
        ᫮   =, <, >, <=, >=, <>

                ᠭ

         ணࠬ,  뫨 ।⠢,   뫮  
।᪠ - 믮﫨 ।⢥    ,   ⥬
頫  砫.⭮, ⠪ ⮤  祭 ⢮७.
ࠪ᪨ ᫨⥫쭠 設   । ஡-
,  ⥬ ⢮  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⨬ 襭ﬨ. ᯮ-
  襭  ନ ⠪: ...IF  -  ⨭
  ⨭ THEN  - 㣮.
       ਬ,ᯮ짮  NEW   ।饩 ண-
ࠬ  ᫨⥫쭮 設       ॠ  ண
᫥饩 ணࠬ. (᭮,   ணࠬ  ।祭  
  祫.)

                10 REM GUOSS THE NUMBER
                20 INPUT A:CLS
                30 INPUT "GUOSS THE NUMBER",B
                40 IF B=A THEN PRINT "THAT IS CORRECT":STOP
                50 IF B<A THEN PRINT "THAT IS TOO SMALL, TRY AGAIN"
                60 IF B>A THEN PRINT "THAT IS TOO BIG, TRY AGAIN"
                70 GO TO 30

10-⣠뢠 ᫠; 30 -⣠ ᫮; 40 - ୮; 50 -᫮
᫨誮 ,⠩ ᭮; 60 -᫮ ᫨誮 ,⠩
᭮.
           ᭮ 㪠,   IF  ᮮ⢥
᫥饩 ଥ:

                IF ᫮ THEN ...

 "..." ⮨  ᫥⥫쭮 , ⤥塞 稥
 ᯮᮡ.  ᫮ ⮨  ⮬,  - ॠ-
    ⨭,  ; 祬, ᫨ ᫮
ந諮 (⨭), 믮  ⠢襩  ப
᫥  THEN,  ⨢ 砥 (᫮  믮),-
 ᫥  THEN   ᫨⥫쭠 設 -
 ᫥ .
          ०  ०  ࠢ    ᥫ
  ப ᨬ:   ஢   ࠢ-
⢮  ᥫ,   ,     㣮;஬ -
,    ஢   ࠢ⢮    ᨬ  
(㡮)  ,    ப  䠢⭮ 浪 ⮨  ।
㣮.  ⮬ ᯮ ᫥騥  ⭮襭: =, <, >, <=, >=,
 <>.
        = 砥 "ࠢ".   ᨬ 祭  ᨬ = 
 LET,   ᯮ ᮢ襭  㣮 ᫥.
        < (SYMBOL SHIFT (ᤢ ᨬ )  R) 砥 "E 祬",
⮬
        1<2
       -2<-1
        3<1      ⨭, 

                                -18-

        1<0
        0<-2     .

         ப 40 ॠ ࠢ A  B. ᫨   ࠢ, 
ணࠬ ⠭  STOP.饭    -
࠭ 9 STOP,STATEMENT (।),30:3 뢠,  ।-
    ப 30 맢 ⠭ ணࠬ,.. -
 STOP.
        ப 50 ।,   B ᫠ A,  ப 60 -
,   B ᫠ . ᫨     ᫮  ⨭, 
⠥ ᮮ⢥騩 ਩   ⢫  室  
ப 70, ᮮ頥 ᫨⥫쭮 設, 室 -
  ப 30    ᭠砫.
         CLS 頥 ࠭, 祬   ப 20 ।-
祭  ⮣, ⮡ ன 祫  ,   .
        > (SYMBOL SHIFT (ᤢ ᨬ)  T) 砥 " 祬" 
ᮢ襭 祭 ᨬ <, אַ ⨢   -
.  ⮣, ⮡    , ,  ⮭  -
  㪠뢠  ᫮, ஥, ।  -
.
        >= (SYMBOL SHIFT (ᤢ ᨬ)  Q - ᫥    
  <  ᫥騬 =) 砥 "  ࠢ", ⮬
  祭  <  ᪫祭 ⮣,   = -
 ⨭,  ᫨  ᫠ ࠢ  ᮡ. ⮬ 2<=2 -
⨭,  2<2 .
        >= (SYMBOL SHIFT (ᤢ  ᨬ)  E) 砥  " 祬
 ࠢ"  祭 ᨬ > .
        <> (SYMBOL SHIFT (ᨬ  ᤢ)   W) 砥 " ࠢ"-
⨢    = .
        ⥬⨪ 筮    <= ; >=  <>  < ,
>  = . ஬ ⮣ ⥬⨪  ࠦ ,   2<3<4, 
砥 "2<3  3<4" ,   몠 "BASIC"   .
        ⨬,     몠 "BASIC",     -
ᨨ ZX-SPECTRUM, । IF   ᫥騩 :

        IF ᫮ THEN  ப.

         砥   ᠬ,   ।

        IF ᫮ THEN GO TO  ப.

        ࠦ
        1. ⠩ ᫥ ணࠬ:

          10 PRINT "X": STOP: PRINT "Y"

           ॠ ண ⮩ ணࠬ ,  ࠭ 㤥
ந ᫮ ,  ⮬ ᫨⥫쭠 設 ⠭ 
ᮮ饭 9 STOP STATEMENT, 10:2.
         ᫥ 

        CONTINUE

           室 ⭮    STOP - 
CONTINUE 筮   ,    뫪  ᮮ-
 .  ,      , ⮬  
 ᭮ ⠭  ந  Y . ⮬ ⠭
ந ⠪, ⮡ ᫥ ᮮ饭 9   CONTINUE -
⢫ 室  ,  ᫥ ᫥  STOP , 
祬   ਬ ᫥  CONTINUE   ⠥
Y  ⨣  ணࠬ.

                                -19-

                                4
                               -------

                         ࣠ 横

        ⪮ ᮤঠ
        FOR , NEXT
        TO , STEP

                ᠭ

        ⨬ ,      ᥫ  ᫮ . -
  ᯮᮡ ॠ樨 ⮣ ( ⠩ ⮣, ᫨ ⮫쪮 
   ⮬ 室)  ᫥饥

        10 LET TOTAL=0
        20 INPUT A
        30 LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
        40 INPUT A
        50 LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
        60 INPUT A
        70 LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
        80 INPUT A
        90 LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
       100 INPUT A
       110 LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
       120 PRINT TOTAL

         窨 ७ ࠪ⨪ ணࠬ஢  ணࠬ 
 襩 .  ணࠬ    ਭ  ᫮ 
ᥫ ,    ࠧ ,  ᫮ ⠪ ணࠬ
 ᫮  ᥫ,  ᫮  ᥫ   ⠪ ண-
஬  .
        ⥫쭮  ⠭ ६    , 
⥬ ⠢ ணࠬ,  ।⠢ 

        10 LET TOTAL=A
        20 LET COUNT=1
        30 INPUT A
        40 REM COUNT=NUMBER OF TIMES THAT A HAS BEEN INPUT SO FAR
        50 LET TOTAL=TOTAL+A
        60 LET COUNT=COUNT+1
        70 IF COUNT<=5 THEN GO TO 30
        80 PRINT TOTAL


                                   -20-

40 = ࠧ, ।饬 ᫮     ( ⮣,
⮡   ணࠬ  ५饩,  ।஢
ப 20, 40, 60  70, ⨬,  TO  SYMBOL SHIFT( ᤢ
ᨬ ) F.)
        ⨬ ,  COUNT    C . ६  
 ࠢ ६ 横 FOR-NEXT    ᢮ 
 㪢.
        䥪  ᯮ짮 ।⠢ ணࠬ 砥
 ⮬ ,  ६ C ஡  祭 : 1 ( ࢮ砫쭮
祭 ), 2, 3, 4  5 (࠭筮 祭)     祭
믮 ப 30, 40  50. ⥬,  C ࠫ ᢮  -
ᥫ, 믮 ப 80.
        ⥫  ⮣ ५ ⥬,  ࠢ
६   直 ࠧ   , ⠪  
      㣮 ᫮  ।⢮   STEP
 FOR.   ଠ  FOR ।⠢ 

        FOR ࠢ ६ = ࢨ筮 祭 TO 筮
        祭 STEP 蠣

 ࠢ ६ ।⠢ ᮡ  㪢, ࢨ筮
祭 , 筮 祭  蠣    ᫥ ஬
 ᫠- 䠪᪨ ᫠ ᠬ  ᥡ , 㬬  -
 ஢ ६. ⮬, ᫨    ணࠬ -
 20 ப

        20 FOR C = 1 TO 5 STEP 3/2

 C 㤥 ஡ 祭 1, 2, 5  4. ⨬   室-
 ࠭稢 ᥡ 楫묨 ᫠  蠣  祭 ࠢ-
饩  ६ ,  ⠪   ,  祭 ࠢ饩 ६
易⥫쭮  筮 ࠢ 筮 祭,⠪  横
    ,  ࠢ ६  ⠭  
ࠢ 筮 祭.
        ⠩  ணࠬ  ⮣,⮡ ॠ 뢮 -
ᥫ  1  10  ⭮ 浪.

        10 FOR N=10 TO 1 STEP -1
        20 PRINT N
        30 NEXT N

      뫮 ᪠,  ணࠬ 室  横 ,  ⮫쪮
ࠢ ६ ⠭   ࠢ 筮 -
.ਬ  ᫮  ⮫쪮  ।⠢ ணࠬ 
㡥,    室 横    ॠ,⠪ 
 砫 横 祭 ࠢ饩  ६  ॢ蠥 祭
筮 . ⮬ 㪠  ࠢ   ஢
᫥騬 ࠧ:  蠣 横 ⥫, ணࠬ  -
室  横, ⮫쪮 ࠢ ६ ⠭ 襩
 ࠢ 筮 祭.
          ।쭮 ⥫, ᫨  ॠ ᮢ-
⭮  横 FOR - NEXT,  㣮.⠩ ணࠬ,
 ᯥ뢠 ᫠       祪 -

        10 FOR M=0 TO 6                \
        20 FOR N=0 TO M      \          \
        30 PRINT M;";";N;"";  > N-LOOP   \
        40 NEXT N            /           / M-LOOP
        50 PRINT                        /
        60 NEXT M                      /

                                -21-

     㡥 ,  横 N ( N-LOOP ) 楫 室 
横 , ..   ᮮ⢥騬 ࠧ.  ᯮ짮-
 ࠧ  横 FOR- NEXT 室 ⠭  
横 ⠪, ⮡  横    㣮.  ।-
⠢ ணࠬ,  ன 横 ४뢠  㣠.

        5 REM THIS PROGRAM IS WRONG
       10 FOR M=0 TO 6             \
       20 FOR N=0 TO M              \       \
       30 PRINT M;";";N;"";         / M-LOOP \
       40 NEXT M                   /          > N-LOOP
       50 PRINT                              /
       60 NEXT N                            /

     横 FOR-NEXT       㣮 , 
 ⤥   㣠.
        騩 , ண ᫥ ,  室 -
  । 横 FOR-NEXT.ࠢ ६ ࠢ쭮 -
 ⮫쪮 ⮣,  ॠ । FOR, , ᫨
  饭,   NEXT  㤥 ਭ ஬,
 ⮫쪮  ⠥.  ⮬     ᮮ饭 NEXT  FOR
 ६  .
         ⠭  ந, ᫨  ᯮ  FOR  
NEXT  ।⢥ 믮塞 .ਬ, ஡ ᫥-
饥
        FOR M = 0 TO 10 : PRINT M : NEXT M

           ᯮ짮   ⢥  ⢥
ᯮᮡ 祭 横,  ࠭祭 ⮣,     ॠ-
  GO TO   , . .    -
 ப. ਬ

        FOR M = 0 O 1 STEP 0 : INPUT A : PRINT A : NEXT M

          ࠢ   ७ ⮩  ᪮.
        ⢥,  ⠪ ஥  ४ , ⮬
, ᫨  訡 ,       㤥
  ᭮ - ⮣ , CONTINUE  ࠡ⠥

        ࠦ
        1. ࠢ ६    , 祭(-
筮 ⮩ ६) , ஬ ⮣  筮 -
 , 蠣  뫪  । ᫥ ᮮ⢥饣 ।
FOR. ,   믮 । FOR,   ଠ-
    稨 ( ᯮ ࢨ筮 祭  ⢥ -
砫쭮 祭 , ਭ ६ )  ஬ ⮣ ,  
 ଠ 筠  ।   ᯮ짮 ।-
 NEXT ⮣, ᪮쪮 室 㢥 祭 ६,
㤥  室  , ᫨ ,  㤠 㤥 ॠ  -
室 .
        2.  室 㪠  ணࠬ, ⥬ -

        PRINT C

        祬 ⢥ 㤥 6,   3?
(⢥:  NEXT  ப 60 믮  ࠧ   ࠧ 
C  . ᫥ ࠧ C ⠭ ࠢ 6  -
 NEXT । ४饭 横 (    ॡ),
.. ࠢ ६ C ॢ諠 ᢮ ࠭祭.)
         ந, ᫨  ப 20 㤥 ᠭ STEP 2 ?

                                -22-

        3.   ணࠬ ⠪ , ⮡  ⮬-
 ᫮  ᥫ,  訢  ⮫쪨 ᥫ,᪮-
   ᫮ .  ॠ樨 ண ⮩ ணࠬ ।-
,  ந, ᫨   0, 騩,   -
  ந ᫮ ?     ⠥ , 祬  
,   맮 ᫮  ࠡ , ᫨ 
뫠 饭?(  ⢨    NEXT C,
 筮    室.) ᪨      뫮
⥫쭮 த㬠.
        4.  ப 10 ⢥⮩  㪠  ணࠬ 
10  100  ॠ ண ணࠬ.  ⮬   ࠭  
㪠 ᫠  100  79,  ⥬      ࠭
뤠   ६饭.    ⮣, ⮡   
 㢨 ,  ᮡ ६  .
᫨    N, STOP  BREAK, ணࠬ 㤥  ⠭-
  ᮮ饭  BREAK - CONT REPEATS. ᫨    -
  ,   ।⠢ 㣨 22 ப  ᤥ -
  ६饭 .
        5.   ⢥⮩ ணࠬ ப 30 .   -
⢨ ண ⮩ १ ணࠬ ,  㪠  -
  ⠭  ᮮ饭 0 OK. ᫨  

        NEXT N

ணࠬ ࠧ ࠧ 横, ᯥ뢠 ᫥騩 .

                                -23-

                               5
                              -------
        ணࠬ

        ⪮ ᮤঠ
        GO SUB, RETURN

                           ᠭ

         ࠧ  ணࠬ    믮  室
   室      ப      
ࠧ. ⮣   ᫥騬 ࠧ.   
ப  ࠧ  ଥ, ⭮   ணࠬ,  -
⥬ ᯮ짮 ணࠬ  ⢫   맮  . 
 宫  ணࠬ,    ᭮.
         ⮣ ⮡ ॠ ,  室  ᯮ짮
। GO SUB ( ३  ணࠬ )  RETURN.
         룫廊 ⠪

        GO SUB N

 N  ஬ ப ࢮ ப ணࠬ.  -
筮 । GO TO N  ᪫祭 ⮣,   -
  宦 ணࠬ GO SUB, ..  ॠ-
 室  ᫥ 믮 ⮩ ணࠬ. 
ॠ  ।⢮ ⠭  ப   ।-
  ⮩ ப (  ।  ) 
 (⥪ 饥 ன⢮ ணࠬ GO SUB).
⥬    RETURN   孨     
⥪ 饣 ன⢠ ணࠬ GO SUB  室 
믮 ।, 室饣 ᫥ ⮣ .
         ⢥ ਬ  ᬮ  ணࠬ  ⣠뢠
ᥫ. ९⠩  ᫥騬 ࠧ:

        10 REM "A REARRANGED GUASSING GAME"
        20 INPUT :CLS
        30 INPUT "GUASS THE NUMBER " B
        40 IF A=B THEN PRINT "CORRECT": STOP
        50 IF A<B THEN GO SUB 100
        60 IF A<B THEN GO SUB 100
        70 GO TO 30
        100 PRINT "TRY AGAIN"
        110 RETURN

        10 -⠭     ⣠뢠,  30  -⣠  ᫮,
40 -ࠢ쭮, 100 -⠩ ᭮.
        ।  ப 70 (GO TO) 쬠 ,⠪ ,  -
⨢ 砥, ணࠬ 㤥 ॠ  ணࠬ,    
⨦ । RETURN 맮 訡 (7 RETURN  GO SUB).
         ।⠢ 㣮 쬠 ࠧ㬭 ਬ  ணࠬ,
騩 ਬ ணࠬ GO SUB:

                100 LET X=10
                110 GO SUB 600
                120 PRINT S
                130 LET X=X+4
                140 GO SUB 500
                150 PRINT S
                160 LET X=X+2
                170 GO SUB 500
                180 PRINT S
                190 STOP

                                -24-

                500 LET S=0
                510 FOR Y=1 TO X
                520 LET S=S+Y
                530 NEXT Y
                540 RETURN

         ॠ樨 ண ⮩ ணࠬ , ᫨  ᬮ
 ,  稫. , ணࠬ 稭
 ப 500.
        - ணࠬ  ॠ 맮 㣮  -
ணࠬ   맮 ᠬ ᥡ (ணࠬ,   -
뢠 ᠬ ᥡ 뢠 ४ᨢ ), ⮬  ᫥ -
  ᪮쪨  ᫮ (஢).

                                -25-

                                6
                               -------

                ⪮ ᮤঠ

                 READ, DATA, RESTORE

          ࠭ ਢ ணࠬ  ,   -
ଠ       ᫨⥫ 設  -
 । INPUT.     쬠  ⮬⥫,
ᮡ ᫨  ॠ  讣 ᫠ , -
 直 ࠧ,  ⢫ ண  ணࠬ. ᯮ-
  READ,DATA  RESTORE  ࠭ ᢮ ६.ਬ:

                10 READ A,B,C
                20 PRINT A,B,C
                30 DATA 10,20,30
                40 STOP

        । READ ᮤন  READ  ᫥騬  ᯨ-
  ६, ⤥   㣠 묨. 
ࠡ⠥ 筮  INPUT  ᪫祭 ⮣, , -
⠢   祭,  ।⠢  ६묨, -
᫨⥫쭠 設 ᬠਢ ६  । DATA.
         । DATA ।⠢ ᮡ ᯨ᮪  ࠦ
(᫮  ப), ⤥   㣠 묨. -
 ⠢  ।     襩  ணࠬ, ⮬
 ᫨⥫쭠 設  ५ DATA   ᪫祭
 砥,   ॠ  READ.  ࠧ,
 ࠦ   । DATA  ணࠬ ᪫뢠 
  ।⠢     ᯨ᪠  ࠦ - ᯨ᮪  DATA.
㯠  믮  READ     ࠧ, ᫨⥫쭠
設  ࢮ ࠦ  ᯨ᪠ DATA,  ன ࠧ  
஥ ࠦ  ⠪   ᫥ ࠦ, ⥬ -
  ᫥饬 । READ  ⠪ .  ⮬ ᫨⥫-
 設 室  ᥬ ᯨ DATA.  (  ⪥ ॠ
 ᫥ 砭 ᯨ᪠ , 뤠 訡).
         , ᯮ짮 । DATA  ।-
⢥ 믮塞   ⮩ ⮩ ६, ⠪  
  READ   㦨  ⮬ 砥.  ।-
 DATA 䥪⨢ ⮫쪮  ணࠬ ०.
        ᬮਬ,   ᮮ⢥    -
  ணࠬ. ப 10  ᫨⥫쭮 設  -
室       ᢮   ६-
 A, B, C. ப 20 ᮮ頥  ⮬,  ६ ᫥ -
 (PRINT). ।  DATA  ப 30  ⨬ ६
祭,  ப 40 ⠭ ணࠬ.  ⮣, ⮡ -
 冷,  ஬ ॠ ࠡ,  ப 20 :

                20 PRINT B,C,A

         ଠ  । DATA      横
FOR ... NEXT. :

                10 FOR N=1 TO 6
                20 READ D
                30 DATA 2,4,6,8,10,12
                40 PRINT D
                50 NEXT N
                60 STOP

                                -26-

         ணࠬ ⢫  ० RUN ( ண), 
,  । READ ᬠਢ ᯨ᮪ DATA.  ⬥-
, । DATA  ᮤঠ ப ६. -
ਬ:
                10 READ D$
                20 PRINT "DATA",D$
                30 DATA "1 JULY 1982"
                40 STOP

        ᠬ  ᯮᮡ 맮 ࠦ  ᯨ᪠
DATA,祬 ࠡ 稭  砫 ᯨ᪠  ந   
,   㤥 ⨣  ᯨ᪠.  ,  ॠ-
 室 ᫨⥫쭮 設  ᯨ᪥ DATA   ।-
 RESTORE.  । ।⠢ ᮡ  RESTORE 
᫥騬 ஬ ப  ᫥⥫쭮 ࠡ뢠  ।-
 READ  祭 ᮮ⢥    ᯨ᪠ ।-
 DATA    ப  ᫥ .(  
 ப,  ⮬  ⠪,      -
 ࢮ ப ணࠬ).
        ⠩ ।⠢  ணࠬ:

                10 READ A,B
                20 PRINT A,B
                30 RESTORE 10
                40 READ X,Y,Z
                50 PRINT X,Y,Z
                60 DATA 1,2,3
                70 STOP

          ணࠬ ॡ㥬 ப 10   ᫥-
騬: A=1,B=2.   RESTORE 10  ६ 뢠  
 READ ⠭ ६ X,Y  Z  ࠡ 稭-
  ࢮ ᫠ । DATA.   ண 
ணࠬ  ப 30  ᬮ,  ந.

                                -27-

                               7
                              -------

                ࠦ

                ⪮ ᮤঠ
                樨 +, -, *, /
                ࠦ,  祭,  ६

                ᠭ

         㦥     ᯮᮡ,         ⥬
ZX-SPECTRUM 㫨  ᫠.⥬  믮 4 䬥-
᪨ 樨: +, -, * (㬭)  / (ࠧ),  ⠪ 
 祭 ६    .
        ਬ:
                LET TAX=SUM*15/100

 ࠧ   쬠  䠪  ⮬,  ᫥ 
 ᪮஢.  ⠪ ,  M*15/100, -
뢠 ࠦ,  ࠦ  ࠧ     ᠬ  
ᯮᮡ ᯥ祭 裡  ᫨⥫쭮 設   ⮣, ⮡
 믮﫠 室 ᫥   㣨. ।⠢
ਬ ࠦ SUM*15/100 砥 "쬨  祭  ६,
뢠 "SUM", ॠ 㬭 ⮣ 祭  15   ࠧ
祭 १  100".
        ᫨      㯨⥫ ⮬,  ४-
㥬  ᤥ   ⮣, ⮡ ,  ⥬ ZX-SPEC-
TRUM 㫨 ᫠,  ⠪  冷,  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
 業 ⥬᪨ ࠦ.
        ਬ  冷.
           믮  묨.     訩
ਮ  ࠢ  ᫮   ⠭. ⢥  
 㬭     ਮ,   -
砥,   㬭   ॠ ᫥ ࠢ.   
 樨 ⠫  ᫮   ⠭,   ந室
᫥饥 - ᭮    ᠬ   ⭮襭  
, ⮬  ॠ㥬   浪 ᫥ ࠢ.
        ,  室   ⥬ ਮ⮢,।-
⠢ ᮡ   ⮬,  ਮ ,   -,-
᫨⥫쭠 設 ॠ ਮ,⠭ ᫮  1  16
 ।⠢ ਮ  樨. 樨 *   /  
ਮ ࠢ 8,  樨 +  -  ਮ ࠢ 6.
         冷 ᫥ ᮫⭮ ⢥,    
  ।⢮ ᯮ짮 ᪮. ࠦ  ᪮-
 믮 묨,  ⥬  ᬠਢ    몭
᫠.
        ᯮ짮 ࠦ १砩 ⢮୮,⠪  -
 ࠧ,  ᫨⥫쭠 設    ᫠,  E
 ⮣   ࠦ, ஥  㤥 ࠡ뢠, -
   ⢥.  ⮫쪮 ⬥, ࠦ  
㫨஢ 筮  ᭮.
        ஬ ⮣,   ᮥ   ⮫쪮  ப ( 
ப ६), ᪮쪮  室      -
 ࠦ,      ᯮ짮  ᪮.
         ⮣ 室 ࠧ"᭨,   ,    
 ᯮ짮  ⢥  ६. 㦥 ਫ,
  ப ६  ।⠢ ᮡ  㪢  
᫥騬  $,   ࠢ饩 ६  横 FOR -NEXT
 ।⠢ ᮡ  㪢,      -
  뢠 ⠪ ⪨ ࠭祭.    
६  ᯮ짮 ᪮쪮 㪢    ᫮, 

                                -28-

   ६ 㤥 .   ६-
  ⠢ ஡  㤮⢠ ⥭,   
  .஬ ⮣,   ࠧ   -
६, ⠥    묨 㪢  묨.
          ᪮쪮 ਬ஢ ⨬  ६.

                X
                T42

           ⮫쪮 ,     ﭨ  -
   ࠧ  訡:

                NOW WE ARE SIX
                NOWWEARESIX

            묨  뫠    
 ६.
        騥   ६  ᪠:

                2001            ( 稭  )
                3 BEARS         ( 稭  )
                M*A*S*H         ( *     㪢)
                FOTHERINGTON-THOMAS ( -     㪢)

        ᫮ ࠦ   ।⠢ ᫮   -
⥫ ⥯ (.  ). ⮡   ,⠩-
 ᫥饥:
                PRINT 2.34E0
                PRINT 2.34E1
                PRINT 2.34E2

         ⠪  

                PRINT 2.34E15

         ⮬  㢨, १ ஥ ६ ᫨⥫쭠
設 筥 ᯮ짮   ( ⥫ ⥯ ).
 ⮬   ᫠  ᯮ짮    14  ᨬ.
筮, ⠩:

                PRINT 2.34E-1
                PRINT 2.34E-2

         ⠪ 

         PRINT  ⮫쪮 ᥬ   ᫠. -
⠩
                PRINT 4294967295,4264967296-429E7

         뢠,  設  ࠭    -
ᥫ,  ᫨   ⮢    ந.
        ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM ᯮ 䬥⨪   饩  -
.  砥,  ᫨⥫쭠 設 ⤥쭮  ࠭  
᫠ ()   窨 (⥯). ࠢ,    ᥣ
筮. 
                PRINT 1E10+1-1E10,1E10+1

        ᫠  ᫨⥫쭮 設 ࠭  筮  ਬ୮
    ࠧ冷,⮬ ᫠ 110  110+1 -
  ᫨⥫쭮 設 ࠢ묨.

                                -29-

         ᫥  ᯥ᪮ ਬ ᫥ 

                PRINT 5E9+1-5E9

         筮 祭 59   1    塞
 䠪᪨ ਢ  㣫  2. ᫠ 59+1    59+2
  ᫨⥫쭮 設 ࠢ묨.
         讥 楫 ᫮, ஥    -
 ।⠢    , 祬  2    32  ⥯    ࠢ
4 294 967 295.
       ப ""  ⢨ ᨬ 뢠 ⮩  㫥-
 ப. ,  ஡    ப  -
 ப,  ᮤঠ饩 祣, ஬ ஡. ⠩

                PRINT "HAVE YOU FINISHED "FINPEGANS WAKE" YET?"

           ENTER,  㢨, 娢騩 -
⥫ ,  뢠,  -  ப  -
 訡.  ᫨⥫쭠 設   窨, 
ਧ  砫 "FINNEGANS WAKE",  ࠧ,   
⪮  ப "HAVE YOU FINISHED"  ⮬    ᬮ  -
,  砥 "FINNEGAS WAKE".
         ⠪ ਬ  ᯥ樠쭮 ன⢮,-
஥  ८ 㪠  ,   室-
   ப 祪   ப.  ⠪    
  窨 ,  ⮬,     ।⠢

                PRINT "HAVE YOU FINISHED""FINNEGANS WAKE""YET?"

           㡥    ᠭ    ࠭, 
 窨  ⢨⥫쭮    ⮫쪮    ࠧ,
 窨  ⮫쪮  ⮣, ⮡ ᫨⥫쭠 -
設   ᯮ.

                                -30-

                               8
                              -------

                ப

                ⪮ ᮤঠ

        १  ᯮ짮  TO. ⨬, ⠪ -
   ⠭⭮  몠 "BASIC".

                ᠭ

        ப ᮤন  ப,   ⮨    ᪮쪨
᫥⥫ ᨬ,室  㪠 ப.⮬ "-
 "     ப   ࠦ "   ப",  ,
 ⮪"  " ப"   ப.
         ᠭ ப  ,  뢠
१,   ਬ  ந ப -
  ᠬ 饬   १      ।⠢
⠪:
        ப ࠦ /砫 TO /

        ਬ

        "ABCDEF"/2 TO 5/="BCDE"

        ᫨   砫,  ⠥,   砫  ࠢ 1,
᫨   ,  ⠥,   殬 -
. ⮬,
                "ABCDEF"/ TO 5/="ABCDEF"/1 TO 5/="ABCDEF"
                "ABCDEF"/2 TO /="ABCDEF"/2 TO 6/="BCDEF"
                "ABCDEF"/ TO /="ABCDEF"/1 TO 6/="ABCDEF"

        ᫥ ப        ᪠ TO, 
⮬ ⠭ ⮫쪮  ᫮

                "ABCDEF"/3/="ABCDEF"/3 TO 3/="C"

         筮 砫쭮  筮 祭    뫠
 訥  ப, ࠢ  㣨:᫨ -
砫쭮 祭  筮,   १ 砥 
ப. ⮬
                "ABCDEF"/5 TO 7/

         訡 3 -ࠢ , ⠪  ப  ᮤন
⮫쪮 6 ᨬ,   7, 

                "ABCDEF"/8 TO 7/=""

                "ABCDEF"/1 TO 0/=""

        砫쭮  筮 祭     ⥫묨,
   訡 B -楫 ᫮  .
           ணࠬ     
 ࠢ
                10 LET A$="ABCDEF"
                20 FOR N=1 TO 6
                30 PRINT A$/N TO 6/
                40 NEXT N
                50 STOP
          ணࠬ 㤥 ॠ,⠩ NEW  -
 ᫥ ணࠬ

                                -31-

                10 LET A$="ABLEWAS 1"
                20 FOR N=1 TO 10
                30 PRINT A$(N TO 10),A$((10-N) TO 10)
                40 NEXT N
                50 STOP

         ப ६    ⮫쪮    -
ப,  ⠪ ॠ뢠 ᢠ. ਬ, ⠩

                LET A$="I IS SISTEM ZX-SPECTRUM"
 ⥬
                LET A$="(5 TO 8)="******"

                PRINT A$

         ⨬, , ⠪  ப $(5  8)  -
 ⮫쪮  ᨬ,  ᯮ짮  ⮫쪮    
窨. ࠪ  ᢠ ப    ,  
ப  ᫥ ᢠ  ⠪  , -
    ᢠ. ,  ப, ᢠ-
 , १ ࠢ, ᫨  ᫨誮 ⪠- 뢠-
 ப⮢ ,᫥ ⮣  宧鶴 ⨭  ப -
  ᢮ 楢   ஢,    -
  .
        ᫨ ⥯  ⠥

                LET A$//="ZDRAWSTWUJTE"

                PRINT A$;"."

 㢨   ᠬ ,  ந室 ࠭ (    ࠧ
 ஡, ⮬  A$ ⠥  ப.

                LET A$="ZDRAWSTWUJTE"

㤥   ࠢ쭮.
        祭 ப ࠦ 㦤  㣫  ᪮
। ⥬,  㤥 ந室 १. ਬ:

                "ABC"+"DEF"(1 TO 2)="ABCDE"
                ("ABC"+"DEF")(1 TO 2)="AB"

        ࠦ
        1. ⠩  ணࠬ  ⮣,⮡ ᯥ
 , ᯮ १ ப. ᪠:    室
ப 㤥 WOSPONWTORSRED^ETPQTSUB.

                                -32-

                               9
                              -------

                㭪樨

                ⪮ ᮤঠ

                LEN, STR$, VAL, SGN, ABS, INT, SQR, DEF, FN

                ᠭ

        ᬮਬ 設  ந ᮪.    ᮪
   ஭, 稢 㪮   㣮  -
砥 .᮪ ᢨ  ᢨ ,᮪   -
 ,  ᮪ 廊   .
         㭪権 ࠪ᪨  ⫨砥  ࠡ 設 
ந ᮪,    ࠧ稥: 㭪樨 ࠡ 
 ᮬ,   ᫠  ப.    稭 ( 뢠-
 㬥⮬), ࠡ뢠    ।  ᫥-
    殢 砥  稭 -१.

          ==> 設  ந ᮪ ==> ᪠
         㬥 ==> 㭪 ==>१

        㬥 । ࠧ १   ࠢ-
 ᫮ , ᫨ 㬥   ᮮ⢥ ॡ
㭪樨, ந室 ⠭ ᫨⥫쭮 設  뤠祩  ᮮ-
  訡.
              ࠧ 設  ந⢠
ࠧ த⮢ -  ᮪, 㣠  ,  
롭 祪  ..,   ࠧ 㭪樨  ᮢ  ࠧ-
 ᫥. 㭪 㤥  ᢮ ᮡ⢥ -
稭,  ⫨砥   ⠫.
         ᯮ짮 㭪樨  । ࠦ 室-
     ᫥騬 祭 㬥    -
 ࠦ १ ࠡ 㭪樨 㤥 ।.
         ⢥ ਬ ᬮਬ 㭪, 뢠 LEN, -
 ।  ப.㬥⮬ ⮩ 㭪樨  ப,
 ன   ।,   १⮬    ᠬ
 ப -㬥. ⮬, ᫨  ⠥

                PRINT LEN "SINCLAIR"

᫨⥫쭠 設  ⢥ 8 -᫮ 㪢  ᫮-㬥.
 祭 १ ࠡ 㭪樨  LEN    設⢠  
㭪権 室 ᯮ짮  ७  ०:   
CAPS SHIFT  SYMBOL SHIFT ६  ⮣, ⮡  -
 L  E,  ⥬   K.
        ᫨  ᯮ 㭪樨  樨   ࠦ, 
᭠砫   㭪樨. ,     -
 ।⢮ ᯮ짮 ᪮. ਬ,   -
,  ⫨ ⮫쪮 ᪮,  ᫥  ॠ
 ᮢ襭 㣮 浪     (, ⠪  -
,  祭  १).

        LEN "FRED"+ LEN "BLOGGS"        LEN ("FRED"+"BLOGGS")
        4+ LEN "BLOGGS"                 LEN ("FREDBLOGGS")
                4+6                     LEN "FREDBLOGGS"
                10                              10
         ।⠢  ᪮쪮 㭪権.

                                -33-

        㭪 STR$ ८ࠧ ᫮ 祭   ப:  
㬥⮬  ᫮,  १⮬  ப, -
  ࠭, ᫨ ᫮ 뫮 ந । PRINT.
⨬,   ⮩ 㭪樨 稢  $   ⮣, ⮡
,  १⮬ ⮩ 㭪樨  ப. ਬ, 
 ᪠
                LET A$=STR$1E2

    ᠬ १, ᫨ 

                LET A$=100

   ᪠

                PRINT LEN STR$ 100.0000

  ⢥ 3, ⠪  $100.0000="100"
        㭪 VAL 筠 㭪樨 $,  ᮢ蠥 ⨢-
 ⢨:  ८ࠧ ப  ᫠. ਬ:

                VAL "3.5"=3.5

         ⮬ ᫥ 㭪 VAL ⭠ 㭪樨 STR$, ⠪ , -
  쬥 ᫮, ਬ   㭪 STR$,  ⥬  -
祭 १ ਬ 㭪 VAL,  ᭮  ࢮ-
砫쭮 ⮥ ᫮.
        , ᫨  ਬ 㭪 VAL  ⮩ ப,  -
⥬  祭 १ ਬ 㭪 STR$,    ᥣ
 ࢮ砫 ப.
        㭪 VAL  १砩  㭪樥, ⠪  
ப,   㬥⮬, ࠭稢 稥 ⮫-
 ᫠ -    ᫮ ࠦ. ਬ:

                VAL "2*3"=6
 
                VAL /"2+"*3"/=6

         ࠡ ⮩ 㭪樨     .   ࢮ
 㬥 㭪樨 VAL   ப:ப -
 "2"+"*3" , ⮡  ப "2*3". ⥬, -
 ᭨ ᢮  窨  ,  ⠥,   
᫮, ⮬  2*3  ⮣, ⮡  6.
        ᫨   㤥 ᮮࠦ,    ਢ   -
 ࠧ㬥, ਬ:

                PRINT VAL "VAL""VAL""""2""""""""

᫥ ,   ப ப 窨   -
ᠭ , ᫨     㡨 ப,   -
室  뢮,  ப 窨 室 ⢥  -
 㢮쬥.
         㣠  㭪, 쬠 宦  㭪樥
VAL,    , 祬 VAL,  뢠 VAL$.
 㬥⮬  ப,     ⨢  㭪樨
VAL,  १⮬  ⠪ ப.   ⮣, ⮡  ,
  ந室, ᯮ, 㭪 VAL 室  ⠯:᭠-
砫  㬥   ப, ⥬  ᭨  ப
窨,  ,  ⠥   ᫮.  ᯮ짮
㭪樨 VAL$  ⠯ 祭 ।饬, , ᫥ ⮣,
  ப 窨,  ஬ ⠯ ,   ⠥, -
  㣠 ப.  ࠧ,

                                -34-

                VAL$ """FRUIT PUNCH""" ="FRUIT PUNCH"

(⨬,  ࠧ ப 窨). 

                LET A$="99"

 ᯥ⠩ ᫥饥

                VAL A$, VAL "A$", VAL """A$""", VAL$ A$, VAL$ "A$",
                VAL$"""A$""".

    ࠡ,     ࠡ.-
⠩ "᭨  ⢥ (  ).
        㭪 SGN  㭪樥 ।  (   
뢠 ᨣ).  ࢠ  祭  㭪権,  
ਬ  ࠡ⪥ ப, ⠪   㬥 ,   १
 ᫠.  ࠢ +1,᫨ 㬥 ⥫, -
 0, ᫨ 㬥 ⥫.
        㣮 㭪樥,㬥  १ ன  ᫠-
,  㭪 ABS.  㭪 ८ࠧ 㬥  -
⥫쭮 ᫮, ஥  १⮬ ਬ ⮩ 㭪樨,
।⢮ ࠭  㬥. ਬ,

                ABS -3.2=ABS 3.2=3.2

       㭪 INT ⠭ 楫  ᫠ (楫  -
 ᫠,    ⥫ ᥫ). 㭪 ८ࠧ-
 ᬥ蠭 ᫮  楫 ᫮, ।⢮  뢠  ஡
. ਬ:
                INT 3.9=3

         ⥫  ᯮ짮 ⮩ 㭪樨   -
⥫묨 ᫠, ⠪   㭪  ᥣ  㣫    ஭
㬥襭 ᫠. ⮬

                INT -3.9=-4

       㭪 SQR   ७ ᫠ ⠪, १-
 㬭 ᠬ  ᥡ ࠢ 㬥.  ।⠢ ਬ-
:
                SQR 4=2, ⠪  2*2=4
                SQR 0.25=0.5,   0.5*0.5=0.25
                SQR 2=1.4142136 (ਡ⥫쭮), ⠪ 
                1.4142136*1.4142136=2.0000001

        ᫨  㬥  ᫮ ( ⥫쭮 ) ᠬ 
ᥡ,  १  ᥣ  㤥 ⥫.  砥,  -
⥫쭮 ᫮    ७  ࠦ , ⮬,
᫨  ਬ 㭪 SQR K ⥫쭮 㬥,  -
 ᮮ饭 訡: ࠢ 㬥.
        ஬ ⮣,   ।   ᮡ⢥  㭪樨.
   㭪権   FN  ᫥饩 㪢,᫨
१   ᫮,   FN  ᫥騬 㪢    -
 $, ᫨ १  ப, 㭪樨 뢠 -
⥫쭮 ஦, 祬 ।騥 (ᯮ ᪮) - 㬥 -
 㭪権   祭  ᪮.
        㭪 । ।⢮  ।  DEF    
 ணࠬ. ਬ,   ।  㭪樨  FN, -
 ன ࠢ ⭮   㬥:
                10 DEF FN /X/=X * X: REM  ७  X

                                -35-

        । DEF ॠ  ७ ० ।⢮
ᯮ짮  SYMBOL SHIFT  I.   ⠥ , -
᫨⥫쭠 設 ⮬᪨ 뤠 FN, TAK KAK    ।
DEF  DEF ࠧ ।⠢  ᫥騬  ஬  FN.
᫥ ⮣, $ 蠥  FN  ⮩ 㭪樨.
        稭 X  ᪮  ,  ஥   
᫠,  㬥 㭪樨. ⮣   ᯮ짮 -
  㪢,  ( ᫨ 㬥  ப, -
 ᯮ짮  㪢  ᫥騬  $).
        ᫥  = ந室 䠪᪮ । 㭪樨 . 
⢥ 㭪樨    ࠦ,  ஥    -
   㬥, ᯮ  ஥     (  襬
砥 X ), ⠪,     ६.
        ⮫쪮   㪠  ப,  
㭪 ⠪,    㭪  ᮡ⢥ 㭪樥 -
᫨⥫쭮 設, ।⢮ ⠭  ⮩ 㭪樨  FN  
᫥騬 㬥⮬. , ᫨  । 㭪 ᠬ,
㬥 㭪樨   祭  ᪮. ⠩   -
 ᪮쪮 ࠧ:

                PRINT FN $ /2/
                PRINT FN $/3+4/
                PRINT I+INT FN $ /LEN"CHICKEN"/2+3/

        ⮫쪮  ⠢ ᮮ⢥饥 । DEF  -
ࠬ,   ᯮ짮  ᮡ⢥   ࠦ  ⠪
᢮,   㭪樨 ᫨⥫쭮 設
        砭:   몠 BASIC 室  -
  ᪮  㬥 㭪権 ᫨⥫쭮  設. ⮣  
 ᯮ짮 ।⠢  몠 BASIC.
         ⬥,  㭪 INT ᥣ 㣫  ஭
㬥襭 १ . ⮬  ⮣, ⮡ 㣫  -
襣 楫 ᫠, 室 ᭠砫 ਡ  㣫 
0.5.  ⮣    ᢮ ᮡ⢥ 㭪

         20 DEF FN R/X/=INT /+0.5/:  REM  㣫   襣
          ᫠

          ਬ,  

         FN R/2.9/=3
         FN R/2.4/=2
         FN R/-2.9/=-3
         FN R/-2.4/=-2

        ࠢ  १  १⠬ ,   稫
 ᯮ짮 㭪樨 INT  㭪樨 FN R.    ॠ-
 ᫥饥

         10 LET X=0:  LET Y=0: LET A=10
         20 DEF FN _/X,Y/=A+X*Y
         30 DEF FN _//=A+X*Y
         40 PRINT FN _/2,3,FN_//

         ⮩ ணࠬ   ⮭ ⮢.
        -, 㭪  ࠭稢 ⮫쪮  㬥⮬
    㬥⮢     㬥.-
,   ᥣ  뢠  ᪮.

                                -36-

        -, ᮢ襭     ணࠬ  -
⠢ । DEF . ᫥ ⮣  ᫨⥫쭠 設 -
 ப 10,   ய ப 20  30   ३  
ப 40. , । DEF 易⥫쭮   -  
ணࠬ.   ,  ।     .
        -,   Y   ६   ணࠬ  
 楫 ,  ⠪  㬥⮢  㭪樨 FN _.  㭪 FN _
 뢠  ६, 뢠 X  Y, ,⠪  
㭪   㬥, 뢠 ,⮬    -
६ .  ࠧ ,   FN _/2,3/,  ६
  祭, ᮮ⢥饥 થ 10,⠪    -
६,    祭 , ᮮ⢥饥 ப 10, ⠪  
 ६,   祭 ࠢ 2( 㬥),  Y
 祭 3 ( ன 㬥). ⥫쭮 ,१ -
 10+2*3=16. 㣮 ஭,  ᫥ 㭪樨 FN _ 㬥-
  , ⮬  ,X  Y   ⭮   ६ 
 祭 10, 0  0 ᮮ⢥⢥.  ⮬ 砥 १ -
 10+0*0=10.
          ப 20 

         20 DEF FN _/X,Y/=FN _ //

         ⮬ 砥, १ ਬ  㭪㨨 FN _/2,3/ 㤥
ࠢ 10,⠪  㭪 FN_   頥  ६ X  Y
   㬥⠬ 㭪樨 FN _.
         ᨨ 몠 BASIC(  ।⠢ )-
 㭪樨, 뢠 LEFT$, RIGH$, MID$, TL$.
        㭪 LEFT$ / A$,N/ । ப ப A$,-
   N ᨬ.
        㭪 RIGHT$ (A$,N) । ப, ப A$,-
  ᨬ  N-   ப.
        㭪 MID$ (A$,N1,N2) । ப ப A$, -
  N2 ᨬ, 稭  N1- ᨬ.
        㭪 TL$ (A$) । ப ப A$, 
 ᨬ ⮩ ப,  ᪫祭 ࢮ ᨬ.
         ॠ樨 㪠  㭪権    -
 ।塞 짮⥫ 㭪樨, ਬ:

                10 DEF FN T$/A$/=A$/2 TO /:REM TL$
                20 DEF FN L$/A$,N/=A$/ TO N/:REM LEFT$

        ஢,   㭪樨 ࠡ  ப  0 
.
       ⨬,   㭪 FN L$   㬥 - -
㬥  ᫮ ,  㣮 -  ப . 㭪 
  26  ᫮ 㬥⮢ (祬 26?)  ६    26
ப 㬥⮢.
        ࠦ:
ᯮ짮 㭪 FN S/X/=X*X  ஢ન 㭪樨 SQR:  
, 
                FN S/SQR X/=X

᫨  ⠢  ⥫쭮 ᫮  X, 

                SQR FN S/X/=ABS X

 ᨬ  ⮣, ⥫ X  ⥫  / 祬
㭪 ABS? /

                                -37-

                               10
                              --------

                  ⥬᪨ 㭪樨

       ⪮ ᮤঠ.!(५ ),PI, EXP, LN, SIN, COS,TAN
ACS, ASN, ATN.
                       ᠭ.

             ⥬⨪ ( ⥬᪨ 㭪-
樨 ), ன  ࠢ ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM .  
    㤥 ᯮ짮     㭪権,-
, ᫨    ࠧ ᫨誮 㤭, ய .
        筥   "  ⥯" !(५  ),
㭪権 EXP  !  ਣ᪨ 㭪権 SIN, COS, TAN,   ⥬
३  㭪 ASN, ACS  ATN.

              !/५ /  㭪 EXP.

            ᫮  ⥯ ண,  -
 㬭 ࢮ ᫮  ᠬ ᥡ ⮫쪮 ࠧ, ᪮쪮 ᮤন-
  ஬ ᫥.  筮 ।⠢   ண ᫠
᪮쪮   ࠢ ࢮ,  ⭮,   㤥 ।-
⠢ । 㤭  ᫨⥫쭮  設 , ⮬
 ⠪   㤥 ᯮ짮 ᨬ ! ਬ,-
   ⥯  ⠪:

               2 ! 1=2
               2 ! 2=2*2=4
               2 ! 3=2*2*2=8
               2 ! 4=2*2*2*2=16

 ࠧ,  ᠬ 饬   A ! B  砥,  A 㬭
ᠬ  ᥡ "" ࠧ,  ᭮,    ⮫쪮  -
⥫ ᥫ "B". ⮣  ⮡        㣨
祭 "B",ᬮਬ ࠢ

     A ! /B+C/=A"! B * A ! C

/⨬,    ⥯ !   ᮪ -
⮬  ࠢ   *  , ⮬  稨 ᪮쪨
権  ࠦ,   ⥯  । -
ﬨ 㬭  ./ ⭮,     -
  ।⠢ 砥 ४⭮  㭪樮  ਠ ,
 A  B ⥫ 楫 ᫠,, ᫨   , ⮡
   ⥯ 㭪樮஢  ⮣,   ᫮-
  믮, ᫥  ਭ ᫥騥   ࠢ
᫥
      A ! 0 = 1
      A ! /-B/ = 1/A ! B
      A ! /1/B/=  ⥯ B  A, १ ᫥  ⮬
                 । ᫮, ஥  室 㬭 ᠬ
                  ᥡ B ࠧ  ⮣,⮡  A.

      A ! /B * C/ = /A ! B/ ! C

                                -38-

        ᫨    뫨   㪠  ,   -
⠩    ।⢥,  ⠩  ᯮ , 

      A ! /-1/ = 1/A

      A ! /1/2/ = SQR A

 ,,    ⨬, ⠫쭮 筥 ਮ-
  䨧᪨ .
         ᯥਬ஢  ।⠢  ਠ,-
⠩ ᫥ ணࠬ

      10 INRUT A,B,C
      20 PRINT A ! /B+C/,A ! B * A ! C
      30 GO TO 10

        ᭮,,᫨ ࠢ,஥ ।⠢  ୮, 
 横  ᫠,ᯥ뢠 ᫨⥫쭮 設, 
ࠢ./砭:- ⮣, ᫨⥫쭠 設 믮 -
   ⥯ 㪠  ᯮᮡ,᫮ ᯮ-
 ᫥ -  砥 A-     ⥫./
        㣨 ⨯  ਬ஬  ⮣,  祣  㭪  
 ᯮ짮, ᫥ ᫮ 業.⨬,
  죨  ந⥫    ਭ  15% 室
 . १   㤥   稨  ⮫쪮  100%,
     砥,  ᫮, ⢮  -
,   15% 室,  ਭ   ⢮, .. 
  㬬 115%  ⮣,  ࢮ砫쭮 .த
   㬭  㬬   樥  1.15, 
筮 115%.  ᫥騩  ந   ᠬ, ⮬ 
 த ᫥ :1.15 * 1.15 = 1.15 ! 2 = 1.3225,
稢  ࢮ砫 㬬,㬭  1.3225.  饬 -
砥,᫥ Y ,  㤥  㬬 ,  ன  稭,
㬭  1.15 ! Y.
        ᫨  ⠥ 

        FOR Y=0 TO 100: PRINT Y,10 * 1.15 ! Y: NEXT Y

 㢨, ,   砢  10 ⮢ ૨, १ 㤥
 祭  , ⮣, 祭 ६ 㬬 㤥 
  ./   㡥,   㬬  -
   ० ஢ - 樨./
         ⬠, ᫥ 䨪஢ ࢠ -
,- 稭,㬭 ᠬ  ᥡ  ᮮ⢥⢨  䨪-
஢ ய樮쭮,뢠 ᯮ樠 ⮬  
  䨪஢ ᫠  ⥯,  
६.
        ⨬,  ᤥ ᫥饥:

        10 DEF FN A// =A ! 

         稭 A, ।塞 । LET   -
  ᮮ⢥⢨  ஢ 業 ਡ뫨,    
    筮 .
           ६  । 祭  A,஥
। 㭪 FN A ᯥ樠쭮  ७஢   ⥬-
⨪: 祭 뢠 .⥬  ZX SPECTRUM   㭪,
뢠 EXP, । ᫥騬 ࠧ:

        EXP X =  ! X

                                -39-

        K OAE, ᠬ  ᥡ  ᮡ 室饥 ᫮: 
 ᪮ ਮ᪨  ᫮.
 ।
        PRINT EXP 1
  㢨  ᪮쪮 ࠧ冷 // ⮣ ᫠,
⠪  EXP 1 = E ! 1 = . 㬥, ⮫쪮 ਡ,⠪ 
筮 ᫮   .
                㭪 LN
        䬨᪠ 㭪  㭪樥 ⭮ ᯮ-
樠쭮:䬮  ᭮ A ᫠  뢠 ⥯,  -
 室  ᫮   ⮣, ⮡  ᫮  X,
 뢠 ⠪:LOG X.⥫쭮, । A ! LOG X=X
  ⠪ ୮,  , LOG/A!X/=X.
         ୮ 㦥  ,  ᯮ짮  
᭮ 10  믮 㬭 - ⠪    뢠
묨 䬠.⥬ ZX - SPECTRUM  㭪 LN, 
   ᭮ ,  뢠  ࠫ묨
䬠. ᫥ 䬮   㣮 ᭮ 
 ࠧ ࠫ   ࠫ   ᭮-
, ஬     ᫨.
        LOG X=LNX/LN A


                ᫮ PI

         室 ᫨ ਬ 㣠,..  -
㦭,᫥ 㬭 稭  㦭    ᫮ PI
/᪠ 㪢, ਬ   /
          E, ᫮   ᪮ ਮ-
 ᫮ (), ஥   ᠭ  :

                3.141592653589...

 PI ( ७ ० M) ᯮ    ।⠢
⮣ ᫠. ⠩ ।

                PRINT PI.

        㭪樨 SIN, COS  TAN, ACS  ATN
        ਣ᪨ 㭪樨 ।  窨  
  㦭. ᬮਬ 㦭 ࠤ 1 (祬 1?).
   ⮬,  ࠧ 室 ।     -
. 祣  , ᫨  㤥   ࠧ 
  ᬠਢ  㣠.㤥 , -
窠 ६頥  㦭.砫쭠 窠  ᮮ⢥
 ᮢ ५   , ⥬  ६頥 -
⨢ ᮢ ५.














                                . 1

                                -40-


          (.1)  न ,室騥 १ 業
㣠.  , ᮮ⢥  ᮢ ५   9  3
, 뢠  X.  ,ᮮ⢥  -
 ५  6  12 , 뢠  Y.
        㪠 ⮭宦 - 窨 ᫥ 㪠
᪮쪮  ६⨫   㦭  ⭮襭  ᢮ -
砫쭮  樨 ( ᮢ ५  3 ): 
 ﭨ .  ,    㦭 㣠   ࠢ
2PI (⠪  ࠤ ࠢ 1,   ࠢ 2),⮬,  窠
ன ⢥   㦭, =PI/2 ,   ६
  , =PI ,  ᫥ 宦 ᥩ 㦭, =2PI.
        ᭮, , ⮣, ⮡ । ﭨ ६-
饩 窨  ਢ,   ।  ﭨ,  -
ﭨ 窨 ࠢ   Y   ﭨ 窨    
.  ﭨ 뢠 ᨭᮬ  ᨭᮬ  A  ᮮ⢥⢥.
 稭  । ᫨⥫쭠 設    㭪-
樨 COS  SIN.
        ⨬, , ᫨ 窠 室    Y, TO -
 ᨭ ⠭ ⥫, , ᫨ 窠  室 
 ⭮襭   ,  ⥫ ⠭ ᨭ.
         ⬥,    ⮫쪮  ﭨ () ⠭
ࠢ 2PI, 室  砫   ᨭ  ᨭ ᭮ -
稭 ਭ   ᠬ 祭,   ࢮ 室 -
.
                SIN/A+2*PI/=SIN A
                COS/A+2*PI/=COS A

       ⨬, ⠭  ।  ᨭ  ᨭ.
⢥ 㭪 ᫨⥫쭮 設 뢠 TAN.
          뢠 室  㭪樨, ।-
⠢, ..  祭 , ⮮   ᨭ , ᨭ 
⠭.  㭪樨,  ॠ  뢠 ᨭᮬ (ASN),
પᨭᮬ (ACS) ⠭ᮬ (ATN).




















                                .2
                   1-; 2-ᨭ ; 3-ᨭ .

                                -41-

        ᬠਢ ࠬ(.1, .2), , -
 ६  㦭,   । ࠤᮬ,-
  ⮩ 窥  業 㣠.  ,  ﭨ,
஥  뢠 , .. ﭨ,஥ 窠 室  -
㦭,   ७ 稭 㣫, ⠢ ࠤᮬ
  .  A=PI/2, 㣮 ࠢ 90 ࠤᮢ,  A=PI, 㣮 -
 180 ࠤᮢ,  窠 ᮢ蠥       㦭
A=2PI, 㣮 ࠢ 360 ࠤᠬ.
           ࠤ᭮    㣫  祭 A,
 ⮬ 砥 ,  㣫   ࠤ.  ࠧ
                PI/2 ࠤ = 90 ࠤᠬ   ..
        ᥣ ᫥ ,    ।⠢  ᨨ  몠
"BASIC" ਣ᪨ 㭪樨 ᯮ ࠤ,   ࠤ.
 ⮣, ⮡ ८ࠧ ࠤ  ࠤ,室 ࠧ
稭  ࠤ  180  㬭 祭 祭  PI. 
⭮ ८ࠧ 室 ࠧ 稭  ࠤ 
PI  㬭  180.

                                -42-

                                11
                               --------

                砩 ᫠

                ⪮ ᮤঠ
                RANDOMIZE
                RND


                ᠭ

           뢠 㭪 RND  祢 ᫮ RAN-
DOMIZE.   ᯮ  ࠡ  砩묨  ᫠, -
⮬       묨 ᫠.  㪠 -
 ।   ⮩  襩 T. 祢 ᫮ RANDOMI-
ZE  ॢ RAND.
         ஬ ᫥ 㭪 RND 筠  筮  㭪樨:
   ࠧ १.    ,   
㭪   㬥.
          ᯮ짮  १⮬ 㤥 ந쭮
᫮  0  1. (  㭪  ਭ 祭  0, 
   ਬ 祭 ࠢ 1).
        ⠩:

                10 PRINT RND
                20 GO TO 10

  㢨,   १.   - -
୮?    , "砩" 砥 -
⢨ ࠧ.
         ᠬ  㭪 RND  । ந -
, ⠪     砥    䨪஢  ᫥⥫쭮
65 536 ᥫ. ,  ⠪ ६蠭,   浪 -
㦨  㤠, ⮬ ,  㭪 RND  ᥢ砩
㭪.
        㭪 RND 뤠 砩 ᫮    0  1,
    砩 ᫮   㣮 .
ਬ, ᠢ 5*RND,   砩 ᫠  
0-5, , ᠢ 1.3+0.7*RND,  砩 ᫠    
 1.3  2.  ⮣, ⮡  楫 砩 ᫠, -
 ᯮ짮 㭪 INT (, 㭪 INT ᥣ -
  ஭  祭), ਬ, 1+INT(RND*6),  
㤥 ᯮ짮  ணࠬ  ஢   . ।-
 RND*6  १    0  6, ,⠪ 
१   㤥 ࠢ 6, । INT(N*6)  ᫥-
騥 १: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
         ਢ ணࠬ ᠭ 

                10 REM ணࠬ  ᠭ 
                20 CLS
                30 FOR N=1 TO 2
                40 PRINT 1+INT(RND*6);" ";
                50 NEXT N
                60 INPUT A$; GOTO 20

         ࠧ,      ,   
ENTER.
           । RANDOMIZE ᯮ  ॠ樨 ᪠
㭪樨 RND  । 砫 ᫥⥫쭮 ᥫ,   
    ।⠢  ணࠬ:

                                -43-

                10 RANDOMIZE 1
                20 FOR N=1 TO 5: PRINT RND: NEXT N
                30 INPUTA$: GO TO 10

      ᫥  믮 ५ RANDOMIZE 1 ᫥⥫-
, ࠡ뢠  㭪樥  RND    ᪠    ᫠
0.0022735596.  ᯮ짮  㣨 ᫠  1  65 535  
। RANDOMIZE  ᪠  ᫥⥫쭮, ।塞
㭪樥 RND,  ࠧ 祪.
       ᫨   뫠 ணࠬ  㭪樥 RND   ணࠬ -
 訡,    ⨫,  ᯮ짮 㪠 ᯮ-
 । RANDOMIZE  , ⮬  ணࠬ  -
 ᪥  ᥡ 筮.
         RANDOMIZE ᠬ  ᥡ (  RANDOMIZE  0  
  ᠬ 䥪) ⫨砥  ।⠢    㪠
ணࠬ ⥬,   ॠ쭮 ࠭ 㭪  RND,   
  㪠  ணࠬ:

                10 RANDOMIZE
                20 PRINT RND: GO TO 10

        ᫥⥫쭮,    砥,   
᫨誮 砩, ⮬   RANDOMIZE ᯮ ஬-
⮪ ६,  ண 뫠 祭 ᫨⥫쭠 設.  裡
 ⥬,   ६ ।   ⮩    稭  直
ࠧ,  믮  RANDOMIZE, ᫥ 㭪 RND -
   .  ࠭  , -
  GO TO 10   GO TO 20.
        砭: 設⢮ ᨩ 몠 "BASIC" ᯮ 㭪-
 RND   RANDOMIZE  ࠧ 砩 ᥫ,   
 ᨨ ᯮ    ⥬  ᯮᮡ.
        ணࠬ ।祭  ᯥਬ  -
ᠭ   뢠 ᫮ 믠 ࡠ  .

                10 LET CIFRY=0: LET GERBY=0
                20 LET MONETA=INT(RND*2)
                30 IF MONETA=0 THEN LET CIFRY=CIFRY+1
                40 IF MONETA=1 THEN LET GERBY=GERBY+1
                50 PRINT CIFRY;",";GERBY
                60 IF GERBY<>0 THEN PRINT CIFRY/GERBY;
                70 PRINT : GO TO 20

        ᫨ ⭮襭 ᫠ 믠     믠  ࡮
⠭ ࠢ ਬ୮ 1,   砥,   ⠫ -
筮 ,⠪   ⥫쭮 ॠ樨 ⮩ ணࠬ ᫥
 ਡ⥫쭮 ࠢ ᫮ 믠  ,  ࡠ.
        ࠦ:
        1.஢ ࠢ:
          ⨬,  ࠫ ᫮  1  672  ⠫
          RANDOMIZE  ᫮
           ᫥騬 祭 㭪樨 RND 㤥
          (75*( ᫮+1)-1)/65536
        2.(쪮  ⥬⨪)
           P 㤥 ࢮࠧ ( 筮 让)  
          A 㤥 ࢮࠧ ୥   P.
          , ᫨ BI ⮪ A   P ( 1    ࠢ
          BI    ࠢ P-1),  ᫥⥫쭮
                BI-1   P-1
          㤥  ᫥⥫쭮 P-1 ࠧ  ᥫ  
            0  1 (᪫ 1). ⢥騬 롮஬
          A  ᫥⥫쭮  룫拉 쬠  㤠筮  
          窨 ७ 砩.

                                -44-

        ᫮ 65537    ᫮ (ࢮࠧ)  ଠ,
2  ⥯ 16  1.  裡  ⥬,   ⨯⨢  㯯
㫥 ⪮   65537   ⥯    ᢮
浪, ⮪  ࢮࠧ ୥,᫨  ⮫쪮 ᫨ 
   ⪮.ᯮ    -
  稭  ,  ᫮ 75  ࢮ-
ࠧ ୥   65 537.
        ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM ᯮ P=65537   A=75   ࠭ -
- BI-1  . 㭪 RND 뢠   BI-1    
B(I+1)-1  ࠡ १ (B(I+1)-1), (P-1).। RANDO-
MIZE N (  N M  ࠢ  65537, 襬 1 ) ࠧ BI,
ࠢ N+1.
         ᪠, 㭪 RND  ᫥⥫쭮 -
砩 ᥫ ਡ⥫쭮 ࠢ୮ ।  ᥬ -
  0  1.

                                -45-
                                12
                               --------
                ᨢ

                ⪮ ᮤঠ
       ᨢ (ZX-SPECTRUM 㫨 ப묨 ᨢ  -
ᥬ ⠭ ᯮᮡ)

        DIM ...
                ᠭ
        ⨬,        ᥫ, ਬ, ⬥⪨
 祫  . ࠭  ᥫ  ᫨⥫쭮 -
設   ⠭  ६     祫,
   ६ 㤥   㤭⥫.   
     ६ BLOGGS1, BLOGGS2  ..  BLOGGS10,
 ணࠬ,  㤥 ⠭   ᥫ,㤥
쭮     .
        ᪮쪮 ⭥ 㤥, ᫨  ⠥ ᫥饥:

                 5 REM  ணࠬ  㤥 ࠡ
                10 FOR N=1 TO 10
                20 READ BLOGGSN
                30 NEXT N
                40 DATA 10, 2, 5, 19, 16, 3, 11, 1, 0, 6

        ண  ணࠬ   
          ,  堭,   ண  -
 ਬ  ,祬  堭 ᯮ ᨢ.-
ᨢ  ஬  ६ (  ᨢ ),  
   ࠧ  ⮫쪮  ஬ (  -
殬), ᠭ  ᪮ ᫥ .  襬 ਬ  
 B (筮 ࠢ饩 ६  横 FOR -NEXT, -
 ᨢ   ⮫쪮 㪢,  ᨢ   
㪢), ⮣  ६  B(1), B(2),  ..  B(10).
         ᨢ 뢠 ஢묨  ६묨  
⨢  ६,     ஢  
묨  㦥 .
       । ᯮ짮 ᨢ 室 १ࢨ஢ -
஥ ࠭⢮    ᫨⥫쭮 設,    -
⢫ ।⢮ ᯮ짮 । DIM (ࠧ୮).

                DIM B(10)

⠭ ᨢ, 뢠  B   ࠧ୮ 10, .. 
10 ஢ ६ B(1), B(2), ..., B(10),   -
    室   ﭨ  (   ).   ⮣, 
। DIM ॠ ࠭  ᨢ,   B,
 ⢮ ࠭.( , ६  ⨬ 
 ࠥ . ᨢ   ᫮  ६  ⥬  ᠬ
  ⢮    ந  ⠭ -
 , ⠪  ६ ᨢ ᥣ ஢. )
       ஢ ६   ந -
 ࠦ, ⮬ ᪠  ⠪ :

                10 FOR N=1 TO 10
                20 READ B/N/
                30 NEXT N
                40 DATA 10,2,5,19,16,3,11,1,0,6

                                -46-

       ஬ ⮣,  ⠭ ᨢ   祬  ࠧ-
୮.  ࠧ୮ ᨢ 室  㪠  ᫠ 
⮣, ⮡ 㪠   ᨢ, ᮢ襭  筮 ⮬
  ⥫ ࠭    ᨬ  㪠뢠  ࠬ
ப  ,⮬ ।⠢塞 ᨢ ᮮ⢥ ⠡筮
ଥ.  㣮 ஭, ᫨  ࠧ,   ப  
( ࠧ)ᯮ  - ⭮ ࠭, 
 ⥫ ࠧ୮   ࠭.  㬥  
ਬ  ᫮ ᨢ, ⮬   ᬠਢ -
ᨢ   㪢,  ,   ।⠢ ᮡ ᫠.
⮬  ࠧ୮ ᨢ V 㪠뢠 ।⢮  V
( ࠭,  ப,  ).
        ਬ, ॡ ⠭ ࠧ ᨢ  ࠧ-
ࠬ 3  6. ᯮ짮 । DIM :

                DIM  (3,6)

          3*6=18 ஢ ६:

                (1,1),(1,2),...,(1,6)
                (2,1),(2,2),...,(2,6)
                (3,1),(3,2),...,(3,6)

筮 ॠ  ᫮ ࠧ୮⥩.
             ᫮  ᨢ  묨 ,
     ᨢ  묨  ,  ᫨ 
 ࠧ ࠧ୮.
        ஬ ⮣, ப ᨢ.ப ᨢ ⫨-
   ப ⥬,  ᥣ ।⠢ ᮡ ப
   ᮮ⢥ ᠭ  ᯮᮡ "ப-
 "-  ᢮   १ 譨 ᨬ.
㣨 ᯮᮡ ।⠢ ப  ᨢ (  -
⥫쭮 ࠧ୮ )  ᨬ.  ப  ᨢ
।  㪢  ᫥騬  $,  祬  ப
ᨢ  ப()६ E    
( ⨢ ᫮ ६).
        ⨬,    ' ᨢ A$   5  ப. 
⮬ 室 ,  㤥   ப - , 
 ப 㤥   10 ᨬ. ⥬ ᫥ :

                DIM A$(5,10)

         ⮬ ⠭ ᨢ   5*10  ᨬ,   
    ⢥ ப:

                A$(1)= A$(1,1) A$(1,2)...A$(1,10)
                A$(2)= A$(2,1) A$(2,2)...A$(2,10)
                :
                A$(5)= $(5,1) $(5,2)...$(5,10)

       ᫨    ᫮ ᮢ (  砥 )
  ࠧ୮ 뫠 ⠭  । DIM,   
 ᨬ, , ᫨   ᫥ ,   -
 ப 䨪஢ . ⮬,ਬ, A$(2,7) ।⠢-
 ᥤ쬮 ᨬ  ப A$ (2). ᯮ 祭 १
 뫮     A$ (2)(7). , ⠩

                LET A$(2)="1234567890"

                PRINT A$ (2),A$ (2,7)
 
                1234567890         7

                                -47-

         ᫥  (   )    ⠪
 ⢨ १, ⮬, ਬ

                A$(2,4) TO 8(=A$/2)(4 TO 8)="45678"

      :  ப ᨢ  ப   .
        । DIM  ⥫쭮 ᫮ ( ᫥ ),-
஥ 㪠뢠  .   뢠 ஢  -
६  ப ᨢ,   ⠭ ⥫쭮
᫮  ᯮ짮 १  ⮣, ⮡ ப ᮮ⢥⢮-
 , 㪠 ᫥  । DIM.
        㪠,    ப ᨢ  㪠-
 ࠧ୮. ⠩

                DIM A$(10)

  㡥,  $  ᥡ 筮 ப ६ 
᪫祭 ⮣,  ᥣ    10 ᨬ   ॠ-
樨 ᢠ ᥣ ந室  ,  १-
 ᨬ.

        ࠦ
        1.ᯮ짮 । READ  DATA  ⠭ ᨢ
 12 ப M$, ஬ M$(N)   N- .(᪠-
: । DIM  룫拉 ⠪: DIM M$(12,9).஢ 
ᯥ⠢  ᨢ M$(N) (ᯮ 横).
        ⠩

                PRINT "TEPERX MESQC";M$(5);"PRAZDNIK";"KOGDA SLAWNYE
                PARNI WESELQTSQ"

           ᪠   ஡?

                                -48-

                                 13
                                --------

        ᫮.

        ⪮ ᮤঠ.
        AND, OR, NOT.

                ᠭ

          3  ,  뢠 । IF:

                IF ᫮ THEN

        ᫮ﬨ   ⭮襭 /=, <, >, <=, >=,  <> /,
   ࠢ  ᫠   ப. ஬ ⮣,
 ஢ ᪮쪮 ⭮襭, ᯮ ᪨ -
樨  AND, OR, NOT.
         ⭮襭 AND 㣮 ⭮襭  ⨭    砥,
  ⭮襭 ⨭, ⮬    ப,
᫥饩:

                IF A$="YES" AND X>0 THEN PRINT X

 ன  ⠥ ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥,᫨ A$="YES"   X>0 .
   BASIC ⠪   ᪮  ,    ⮨
ࠧ  ஡.     ᪮  몥  -
 ᮥ  ⭮襭   AND//     -
 ⨭, ᫨  ⨭묨  ⤥ 室騥   -
襭.
        ⭮襭  (OR) 㣮 ⭮襭 㤥 ⨭  -
 砥,     ⭮襭 ⨭. (,  -
⨭ 㤥 ࠭   ⮬ 砥,  ⭮襭 ⨭-
- 㦥   ,  ᪨   ᥣ 砥 
ᥡ.)
        ⭮襭 NOT// ॢ稢  . ⭮襭 NOT
⨭   砥,  ८ࠧ㥬 祭 ,  
ᥣ ⨭!
       ᪨ ࠦ   ࠧ ᫠  -
ࠬ  +, -, *, /, !: OR  訩 ਮ, ⥬  AND, A
 ⥬ NOT,  ⭮襭   樨.
         NOT 䠪᪨  㭪樥,饩 㬥 
१, ਮ ⮣    ਮ -
 㭪権. ⮬ 㬥 ⮣   ॡ ᪮,᫨
⮫쪮   ᮤন  AND  OR (  ).-
 NOT A=B 砥 ⮦ ᠬ,   NOT/A=B/( ࠧ㬥
⮦ ᠬ,   <>B ).
        ⭮襭 < >  栭  =   ⮬ ᫥,, ᫨
 ⮫쪮 ᫨  =   ,  < > ⨭. 㣨  ᫮,
A< >B ᮮ⢥ ⮬  ᠬ,    NOT A = B   , ஬ ⮣
NOT A< >B  ⥬  ᠬ,    A = B .
        , ⭮襭  >=  <= ⨢ ⭮襭 <
 > ᮮ⢥⢥,⮬  ᥣ   ᢮ 
ਬ   ⨢ . ஬ ⮣,
        NOT/ࢮ ᪮ ࠦ AND ஥ ᪮ ࠦ-
        /
筮
        NOT/ࢮ ᪮ ࠦ/OR NOT/஥ ᪮ -
        /.

                                -49-

       ᯮ  ࠦ  ࠡ  ࠬ NOT -
।⢮ ᪮   ,     ਫ  ⭮-
,  ⥬  ॠ ᢮   ஢. -
᪨ ,  NOT   室,   -
,  ᯮ짮 ⮣   ணࠬ ᭥.
        騩 ࠧ  ᮢ襭  ᮡ    
 ய饭 ᫠ࢭ묨.
        ⠩:

                PRINT 1=2,1< >2

 ஬    ᨭ⠪ 訡. ᪨, 
⮫쪮 ᫨⥫쭠 設 稭 㭪樮஢,  
⠪ ⮢  ᪨ 稭:  ⮣ ᫨⥫쭠
設 ᯮ  ६, 稭騥  ࠢ-
. /I/ =, <, >, <=, >=   < >    ᫮ १: I 
祭 ⨭  0   "1=2", ஥   ,   I  
"1< >2", ஥  ⨭.

        *2*   ࠦ
        IF ᫮ THEN
 ⢥ ᫮    ᫮ ࠦ. ᫨  -
祭 ⮣ ࠦ ࠢ 0,  ⠥,  ᫮ , -
 㣮 祭,  , ஥  ⨭  ⭮-
, ⠥  ⨭ ᫮. ⮬ । IF 砥
筮 ⮦,   IF ᫮ <>0 THEN

        *3*  ஬ ⮣,  AND, OR,  NOT ࠡ   ᫮-
묨 祭ﬨ ࠭
        X AND Y 砥  X, ᫨ Y ⨭ ( )
                          0, (), ᫨ Y  ()
        X OR Y 砥   1,(⨭), ᫨ Y ⨭ ( )
                          X, ᫨ Y  ()
        NOT X 砥    0 (), ᫨ X ⨭ ( )
                          1 (⨭), ᫨ X  ()
        (⨬,  "⨭" 砥 " ",    ஢-
塞  祭,   砥 "1",     ந
 祭.)
        ⠩     㣫 ७ 㪠 -
, ᯥ稢 㭪樮஢  ० ࠡ.
         ࠦ X AND Y, X OR Y  NOT X  ⢥ X  Y  롨-
 筮 祭       ⨭ ᮮ⢥-
. 믮  ࠧ 権 (    
AND,    OR     NOT)  ஢ 
㭪樨  ᮮ⢥⢨  㪠ﬨ, ।⠢묨   .
        ⠩   ணࠬ

                10 INPUT A
                20 INPUT B
                30 PRINT (A AND A>B=B)+(B AND A<B)
                40 GO TO 10

         ࠧ ᫨⥫쭠 設 ⠥  襥    
ᥫ A  B.
        ,    㬠, 

                X AND Y
砥
                X ᫨ Y ( १  ࠢ )
 
                X OR Y

                                -50-

                               14.
                              ---------

         ᨬ.

        ⪮ ᮤঠ:
        CODE, CHR$, POKE, PEEK, USR, BIN.

                ᠭ

        㪢,, ९  ..,  -
  ப,뢠  ᨬ,  ⮬  ᯥ稢 -
   ᨬ, ᯮ㥬 ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM. 設-
⢮   ᨬ  묨 ᨬ,  -
    ᨬ , 뢠 ⥫묨 ,
 ।⠢ 楫 ᫮,⠪  PRINT, STOP, < >,  ..
         稨  256 ᨬ        ᢮
  0  256. ਫ (A) ।⠢  ᯨ᮪ 
ᨬ.  ८ࠧ  ᨬ   -
  㭪樨 CODE  CHR$.
        㭪 CODE ਬ   ப    ࢮ ᨬ-
  ப ( 0, ᫨ ப ).
        㭪 CHR$  ਬ     ப   ᨬ-
,  ண ᮮ⢥ ⮬ .
          ணࠬ,  ᯥ뢠   ᨬ-
:
                10 FOR A=32 TO 255: PRINT CHR$ A;:NEXT A

          㢨 ஡, 15 ᨬ    ९,
 , ᥬ ⥫ ᨬ,  㪢 䠢,
 㪢 䠢    ᨬ.  㪠  ᨬ-
 ( ᪫祭 E  C)  ப ᯮ㥬  ᨬ-
, ⭮   ASCII (⠭  ⢥ ਪ᪨
⠭   ଠ樮 ).஬ ⮣, ⮬ ⠭-
 ᥬ ⨬ ᨬ ᢮ ᫮    ᥩ ⮩ -
樥  ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM.

        ⠫ ᨬ     ASCII,  ᯥ-
.  ।   ஡, ⥬  15 ࠧ殢 
  襪.  뢠 ᪨ ᨬ   
ᯮ짮  祭 ⨭.     ,-
 ,  뢠 ᪨ ०. ᫨    -
 GRAPICS (CAPS SHIFT  9),   㤥   G.
     1-8   ᪨ ᨬ:  ⮣ 
 ,  ᮢ   ,   ⮩ 襩 ᤢ
    ᠬ ᨬ,  ⮫쪮 ஢, .. 
⠭ 묨  . ᨬ  ᤢ,  -
 9  0  ० L  ॠ ࠭  DELETE  ᮮ⢥-
.
         ।⠢ 16 ᪨ ᨬ:

                                -51-

   ᨬ                     ᨬ             
                     祭                            祭
   .....                            .....
   :   :      120       C           :$$$:      143         C
   :...:                8           :$$$:               SHIFIED 8

   .....                            .....
   :  $:      129       C           :$  :      142         C
   :...:                1           :$$$:               SHIFIED 1

   .....                            .....
   :$  :      130       C           :  $:      141         C
   :...:                2           :$$$:               SHIFIED 2

   .....                            .....
   :$$$:      131       C           :   :      140         C
   :...:                3           :$$$:               SHIFIED 3

   .....                            .....
   :   :      132       C           :$$$:      139         C
   :..$:                4           :$..:               SHIFIED 4

   .....                            .....
   :  $:      133       C           :$  :      138         C
   :..$:                5           :$..:               SHIFIED 5

   .....                            .....
   :$  :      134       C           :  $:      137         C
   :..$:                6           :$..:               SHIFIED 6

   .....                            .....
   :$ $:      135       C           :   :      136         C
   :..$:                7           :$..:               SHIFIED 7

        ᫥ ᪨ ᨬ  㣠   䠢-
 ᨬ  A  U.    ᨬ ,    ᠬ -
८। ,  ,  ᫨⥫쭠 設 砥 
 ⠭   㪢 -   ᨬ  뢠 䨪,
।塞 짮⥫.       , ॢ-
   ᪨  ०  쭥訬  ᯮ짮  㪢
  A  U.
         ।    ᮡ⢥ ᨬ ᫥ ⮬
ᮢ,  ⮬ 㤥 । ᨬ  ⮣, ⮡  PI.
        (I) ⠥,  ᨬ .  ᨬ ।⠢-
   8*8 祪 ,     ।⠢ -
 㬠  ୨ 梥(. 㯨⥫ ⮬).   
 - ࠬ ,    묨 -
  ୨쭮 梥.

                                -52-

                 .................................
                 :   :   :   :   :   :   :   :   :
                 :...:...:...:...:...:...:...:...:
                 :   :   :   :   :   :   :###:   :
                 :...:...:...:...:...:...:###:...:
                 :   :   :###:###:###:###:   :   :
                 :...:...:###:###:###:###:...:...:
                 :   :###:   :###:   :###:   :   :
                 :...:###:...:###:...:###:...:...:
                 :   :   :   :###:   :###:   :   :
                 :...:...:...:###:...:###:...:...:
                 :   :   :   :   :   :   :   :   :
                 :...:...:...:...:...:...:...:...:


         ⠢     ਬ, ⠪   -
⠫ 㪢    ( ᪫祭  㪢, -
 墮⨪,   ࠢ   ᭮).
(2) 蠥,  ᪨ । 짮⥫ ᨬ -
 ।⠢ PI - ᪠ ᨬ, ᮮ⢥騩 P, ⮬, -
    P  ᪮ ०,    PI.
        (3) ࠭  ࠧ.  । 짮⥫
᪨ ᨬ  ᢮ ࠧ, ࠭   쬨 ,-
   鸞.          BIN
 ᫥騬  ﬨ  栬-0  㬠, 1  -
, ⮬ ᥬ   襣 ᨬ :

                BIN 00000000
                BIN 00000000
                BIN 00000010
                BIN 00111100
                BIN 01010100
                BIN 00010100
                BIN 00010100
                BIN 00000000

        ᫨    ।⠢   ᫠,  
 ,  BIN ᯮ   ᥫ  筮
   筮 ଥ.
         ᥬ ᥫ ࠭   ᫨⥫쭮 設  8
祩,     ᢮ .  ࢮ  
㯯  8  ।⠢ ᮡ USR"P" (, ⮬   ࠫ
 祭  㭪 (2).  ண    ।⠢  ᮡ
USR "P"+ 1    ..  쬮  ,  ண ᮮ⢥
USR "P"+ 7 .
       USR ।⠢ ᮡ 㭪, ८ࠧ -
 㬥   ࢮ     ᫨⥫쭮 設
 ᮮ⢥饣 ᪮ ᨬ, ।塞 짮-
.  ᨬ 㬥   ।⠢  ᮡ  
ᨬ,    ᪨ ,। -
⥫,  ᮮ⢥饩 㪢 (  筮). -
 㣮 ᯮ짮 㭪樨 USR,   㬥⮬ -
 ᫮,   室  .
        ᫨    ⮣,᫥  ணࠬ ᤥ-
   .

                10 FOR N=0 TO 7
                20 INPUT ROW: POKE USR "P"+N,ROW
                30 NEXT N

                                -53-

        ᫨⥫쭠 設 ⠭   ( INPUT ) 
ᥬ ࠧ  ⮣, ⮡    ᥬ 㪠
 ᥫ ⨯ BIN. ⠩   㪠  浪, 稭  
孥 鸞 (ROW).
        । POKE ࠭ ᫮ ।⢥  祩 -
 ᫨⥫쭮 設, 室 筮 ᯮ㥬  몥 "BASIC"
堭.  ⨢ । POKE । PEEK -
  ᬮ ᮤন 祩 ,    ६  䠪-
᪨   ᮤন  ⮩  祩. 쭥襥  ᠭ 
⮬  ।⠢   24.
        ᫥ ।塞 짮⥫ ᪨  ᨬ  
⥫ .
        ୮ 㦥 ⨫,   ᯥ⪨  32 ᨬ-
    0  31. ᨬ  ࠢ騬 ᨬ.
  ࠧ 祣 ⠥,   - 易 -
ﭨ  ⥫ ࠭   ࠭  ?   ⮣, -
 ,    ਭ  ࠭. ࠢ騥 ᨬ-
  ஡ ᠭ  ਫ .
         ᨬ,  ᯮ ⥫஬ , ।⠢
ᮡ ᨬ   6,8  13. 楫, , ⢥-
  뭪樥  CHR$ 8.
        㭪 CHR$ 6 ᯥ뢠 ஡ 筮 ⠪  ᯮᮡ
    । PRINT, ਬ,

                PRINT 1; CHR$ 6;2

           ᠬ,  

                PRINT 1,2

        ᭮,    祭   ᯮ짮 ।⠢-
 㭪樨.   ᯮᮡ 砥  ᫥饬:

                LET A$="1"+CHR$6+"2"
                PRINT A$

        㭪 CHR$ 8 ⢫ "   ", ..
६頥      . ⠩:

                PRINT "1234"; CHR$ 8;"5"

 ⮬ ᯥ⠥ 1235.
        㭪 CHR$ 13 ॠ " ப", ..६頥 -
   砫  (᫥饩) ப.
        ஬ ⮣, ⥫ ᯮ ᨬ   16-23, 
'    15  16.   㪠,   ࠢ騥
ᨬ ।⠢  ᯨ᪥ ਫ .
        ᯮ   ᨬ,    楯 "-
䠢⭮ 浪"   ᫠ ப, ᮤঠ  ᨬ-
,   ⮫쪮 㪢. ᫨  筮 䠢,饣 
26 㪢,  㤥 ᯮ짮 ७ 䠢, 騩  256
ᨬ, ᯮ  ⮬  浪,    ,   ਭ樯
 ᯮ 㤥 ᮮ⢥⢮ 䠢⭮. ਬ, ப
室  䠢⭬ 浪 ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM. (⨬ 쭮
࠭ ᢮⢮,饥  ⮬,  㪢  ᫥ -
 㪢, ⮬ ""  ᫥ "Z", A ⠪    ஡-
.
                CHR$ 3+"ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS"
                CHR$ 8+"AARDVARK HUNTING"
                " AAAARGH!"
                "(PARENTLIETICAL REMARK)"

                                -54-

                "100"
                "129.95 INC. VAT"
                "AASVOGEL"
                "AARDVARK"
                "PRINT"
                "ZOO"
                "[INTERPOLATION]"
                "AARDVARK"
                "AASVOGOL"
                "ZOO"
                "ZOOLOGY"

         ࠢ  ᭥ ⮣,  浪 -
諨  ப. 砫 ࠢ  ᨬ.᫨  ࠧ-
,    ᨬ    訩, 祬 㣮 ᨬ, ⮣
ப,  ன     ࠭ ( 襩 )  
 ப.  ᫨  ᨬ ,  室  ࠢ
᫥ ᨬ.  ᫨   ॠ樨 ⮣ ࠢ 
 ப 뢠 ࠭ 㣮,  稢 ப -
  ࠭,  ⨢ 砥  ࠢ.
       ⭮襭 =, <, >, <=, >=,  <> ᯮ  ப ⠪,
   ᥫ: < 砥 " ।",  > 砥 " ᫥",
⮬
                "AA MAP" < "AARDVARK"
                "AARDVARK" > "AA MAP"

         ⨭묨.
  <=  >=  ப ࠡ ⠪ ,    ᥫ, ⮬:

        "筠 ப" <= "筠 ப"
                                                         ⨭, 
        "筠 ப"  "筠 ப"
                                                     .
        ᯥਬ  㪠, ᯮ ।⠢
 ணࠬ,  ன ॠ   ப   㯮冷-
:
                10 I P T "  ப:", $,B$
                20 IF A$>B$ THEN LET C$=A$: LET A$=B$: LET B$=C$
                30 PRINT A$" ";
                40 IF A$<B$ THEN PRINT "<";: GO TO 60
                50 PRINT "="
                60 PRINT " ";B$
                70 GO TO 10

        ᬮ     C$  ப 20, ᫨  -
⠢ A$  B$.
                LET A$=B$: LET B$=A$
                                         䥪.
       ।⠢  ணࠬ ⠭ । -
⥫ ᪨   ⮣, ⮡  嬠 䨣-
:
                P  誨
                R  
                B  ᫮
                N  
                  ஫
                Q  

                                -55-

                嬠 䨣

                5 LET B=BIN 01111100: LET C=BIN 00111000:
                        LET D=BIN 00010000
                10 FOR N=1 TO 6: READ P$: REM 6 PIOCES
                20 FOR F=0 TO 7 REM READ PIECE INTO 8 BYTES
                30 READ A: POKE USR P$+F,A
                40 NEXT F
                50 NEXT N
               100 REM BISHOP
               110 DATA "B",A,D,BIN 01000100, BIN 01000100
               120 DATA BIN 01101100,C,B,0
               130 REM KING
               140 DATA "K",0,D,C,D
               150 DATA C,BIN 01000100,C,0
               160 REM ROOK
               170 DATA "I",0,BIN 01010100,B,C
               180 DATA C,B,B,0
               190 REM QUAEN
               200 DATA "Q",0,BIN 01010100,BIN 00101000,D
               210 DATA BIN 01101100,B,B,0
               220 REM PAWN
               230 DATA "P",0,0,D,C
               240 DATA C,D,B,0
               250 REM KNIGHT
               260 DATA "N",0,D,C,BIN 01111000
               270 DATA BIN 00011000,C,B,0

        ⨬,   BIN 00000000  ᯮ짮 0.
 ॠ樨 ணࠬ   嬠묨 䨣ࠬ, -
騬  ᪮ ०.

        ࠦ:

1.  ࠧ ࠭⢮   ᨬ, ࠧ  -
   ⥭᪮ .,᫨  ⢥ -
 ୮  ,  2*2*2*2=16 ⥩.   -
 ᨬ.

2.   ண ᫥饩 ணࠬ:

                10 INPUT A
                20 PRINT CHR$ A;
                30 GO TO 10

᫨  ஢  ணࠬ,  㦨,   १ 㭪-
樨 CHR$ A 㣫  襣 楫 ᫠,, ᫨  室-
    0  256,  ணࠬ 㤥  ⠭  -
饭  訡 "B" 楫  .

3.      ப ?

                "EVIL"
                "EVIL"  (࠭ ய묨 㪢)

4.  ,  ஢  ணࠬ  ⠭ ।塞
짮⥫ ᪨ ᨬ ⠪, ⮡     ᯮ짮
। READ  DATA  । INPUT.

                                -56-

                                15
                               --------

        ⥫ ᢥ   PRINT  INPUT.

        ⪮ ᮤঠ:
   ࠦ (᫮  ப ⨯): ᫮ ࠦ TAB
        ᫮ ࠦ AT, ᫮ ࠦ.
   ⥫ PRINT :, ;, '.
    PRINT: ६ (᫮  ப ⨯).
   ப ६ LINE.
     PRINT  稭  㪢.(⥫ 
         ᬠਢ  稭騥  㪢.)
   ६饭
        SCREEN$

                ᠭ

         㦥 ,  PRINT ᯮ 쭮 
⮬ ⢥    ⮬,  ᯮ짮.-
, १   , 뢠  栬   PRINT
(栬 ),祬   ⤥ 묨  窠-
  묨,  뢠 ࠧ⥫ﬨ PRINT (ࠧ⥫ﬨ
 ). PRINT   ᮢᥬ 祣, -
 ᯮᮡ '᭥  ந襤襣,     ᯮ 
  .
          ⨯  PRINT, ᯮ 
⮣, ⮡ ᮮ ᫨⥫쭮 設  ,   .
ਬ, ।

                PRINT AT 11,16;"*"

ਧ   窨 (*)  । ࠭.

                AT ப, 

६頥  PRINT ()(  ,   ⠭
᫥ )  㪠 ப  . ப 㬥 
0  21,   㬥  0  31.   ,  -
 ப ॠ ᢥ, 㬥  -᫥.
        㭪権 SCREEN$  㭪樥 ⭮ PRINT AT, 
ᮮ頥  ( ࠭祭)  ⮬,  ᨬ 室  ।-
 樨  ࠭.  㭪 ᯮ  ப  
⥬  ᠬ ᯮᮡ,    PRINT AT,   -
 ᯮ짮  ᪮: ਬ

                PRINT SCREEN$ (11,16)

㤥 ᪨ , 뫠 ⠭ ஬  -
饬 ࠣ.
        , 室騥   ⥫  , 
筮,   ᨬ,  ஡ -   ஡.
, ப, 祭 ஬ PLOT DRAW  CIRCLE, ।-
 짮⥫ ᨬ  ᪨ ᨬ   -
 ( ⮩ ) ப.   ᠬ ਬ, ᫨  ᮧ
᫮ ᨬ  ᯮ짮  OVER.
        ।

                TAB 

                                -57-

ॠ 筮 ᫮ ஡  ⮣, ⮡ ६ -
   㪠 .   ᯮ  ⮩ 
ப , ᫨ 砥 ॢ , ६頥  ᫥
ப. ⨬,  ᫨⥫쭠 設 ᭨      
" 32" (᫨⥫쭠 設      32   
⮪), ⮬ ।

                TAB 33

砥 ⮦ ᠬ,   ।

                TAB 1.

         ਬ

                PRINT TAB 30;1;TAB 12;"SODERVIMOE";AT 3,1;"GLAWA";
                TAB 24;"STRANICA"

뢠,     ࠭  1 ࠭ -
.
        ⠩ ॠ ண ᫥饩 ணࠬ:

                10 FOR N=0 TO 20
                20 PRINT TAB 8*N;N;
                30 NEXT N

         ணࠬ 뢠,   ᭨  TAB  
 32.

 ==>              1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
  ,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,
 0!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 1!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 2!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 3!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 4!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 5!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 6!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 7!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 8!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 9!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
10!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
..!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
..!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
18!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
19!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
20!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
21!0+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
22!-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
23:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:
                             1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
       1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 0 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 0 0 1 2 3 4 4
   0 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0 8 6 4 2 0 8
   ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
                           1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
     1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 0 1 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 9 0 1 2 3 3 4 5
   7 5 3 1 9 7 5 3 1 9 7 5 3 1 9 7 5 3 1 9 7 5 3 1 9 7 5 3 1 9 7 5
       ࠦ  न X ( Y 筮, ⮫-
                  न   21 ப ࠭)

                                -58-

         ᨢ ਬ 砥, ᫨   ᫮  8  
ப 20  ᫮ 6.
         ਬ⥫ 窨:
        1.     ᥣ ࠭稢  窠  
           묨,     .    ᯮ짮
            (   祣   । ), 
            砥, ᫥ ⥫쭮 ⠭ 樨 -
            ந室 ⠫쭮 ६饭  -१砩-
            ᯮ ⨥.
        2.      ᫥ 窠 (22  23)
           ࠭, ⠪   १ࢨ஢    ,  
            (INPUT), ᮮ饭  .. 饭  ᠬ  
           ப 筮 砥 饭  ப 21.
        3.   ᯮ짮  AT  ⠭  樨
,  ᫨ 㦥  - ⠭,  ⮬ -
 ଠ 㤥 ,  ⠭   ଠ-
.
        㣨 ।, 易  । PRINT 
। CLS.  ⮬ । 頥  ࠭,..,
  ॠ  饩 設. ᫨    ᤥ 㪠
,   ᬮ   ⨬:

                CLS: FOR N=1 TO 22: PRINT N: NEXT N

         ⥬ ᤥ

                PRINT 99

        ᪮쪮 ࠧ.
        ᫨ ᫨⥫쭠 設 ᯥ뢠 讥  ⢮
ଠ樨,   ⥫쭮 ᫥  ⥬,⮡ 祣  ६-
  室饣   ࠭  諮   ,    
ਠ  ᬮ.   㢨,  ந  
᫥饣:
                CLS: FOR N=1 TO 100: PRINT N: NEXT N

          㤥 ⠭  ࠭ , .  設
⠭, ᠢ "६饭?"    ࠭.  
㣥  ᬮ ஢  22 .      
⨬,   Y (  "YES" )   ᫨⥫쭠 設 ।-
⠢  㣨 ,騥 ࠭. ᪨, 
⠢ . 設 த  ࠡ,   ᪫祭    N
( "NO"), STOP (SYMBOL SHIFT  A)  SPACE ( BREAK).
  ⠢ . 設 ⠭ ॠ ண ண-
ࠬ  ᮮ饭 D BREAK -CONT REPEATS.
        㪠, । INPUT   ⥫-
  ⮣,    ᮮ騫   . 㦥  ।-
 INPUT,  ᫥饬:

                INPUT "SKOLXKO WAM LET?",WOZRAST

 ஬ . 設 ⠥  SKOLXKO WAM LET?  
 ࠭, ⥬    ᢮ .
       ᪨,। INPUT ࠡ뢠 ⠬  ࠧ-
⥫ﬨ 筮 ⠪   ᯮᮡ,       ।
PRINT, ⮬ SKOLXKO WAM LET?  WOZRAST  ⠬ -
 INPUT.   INPUT ( )  饬 -
 ⠬ ,    쬠  ⫨-
.

                                -59-

        -,  ⥫ ⮬   
६, 祭 ன   - ਢ   ਬ
 AGE (). ࠢ ⮨  ⮬, ,᫨   -
稭  㪢,       ६, 祭  ன
  .
      -, -  砥,     ᯥ-
 祭 ६   , ,   -
ࠢ  ।⢮ 祭 ६  ᪮.  ࠦ-
, ஥ 稭  㪢,   祭  ᪮, -
  祭   ⠭  .
         ⨯  ,    ࠢ  -
࠭,  ⠪ ⮬ .   ਬ   -
樨 ⮣,  ந室:

                LET MY AGE= INT(RND*100): INPUT("Q";MY AGE;".");
                "HAW MANY YOUR YEARS?";YOUR AGE

           (MY AGE) 祭   ᪮, ⮬ -
祭   (MY AGE) த ᯥ뢠,  ᫮-
⠭   (YOUR AGE), ஥   祭    ᪮, 
  ( 祭 襣 ).
       , 뢠 । INPUT,    
࠭,   ᪮쪮 ᨬ   孥  , 
⭮, ப   ࠭ 㬥 ⭮⥫쭮  -
 ப   ࠭ (  ),  ⮬ ⮣,
  ᠭ ६頥   䠪᪮ ⥫
࠭ ( ந室   ⢠ 室 ).
        ⮣, ⮡ ᬮ  ࠡ  AT  ।-
 INPUT, ⠩ ॠ ண ᫥饩  ணࠬ:

                10 INPUT " ப 1",$; AT 0,0; " ப 0.",
                   A$; AT 2,0; " ப 2.",A$;  AT 1,0; " 
                    ப 1.",A$

( ࠧ  ⠭ . 設   ENTER). -
 ⠥   ப 2, ᮤন   ࠭  ६-
頥   ⮣, ⮡ ᢮   ⮩ ப, -
६  ⨬ ६頥   㬥 ப, ⮬ ப
⥪ ࠭ ᢮ ﭭ .
         ⠩ ᫥饥:

                10 FOR N=0 TO 19: PRINT AT N,0;N;: NEXT N
                20 INPUT AT 0,0;A$; AT 1,0;A$; AT 3,0;A$; AT 4,0;A$;
                   AT 5,0;A$;
        裡  ⥬,   ࠭ ( ᮤন) த-
 ६,   ࠭  蠥   ,-
   ஧     ᠬ ப,     
 PRINT ().  ⮬ 砥 稭 ६  
ᮤন 孥  ࠭  ⮣,⮡ ।  -
஧.
        㣮   । INPUT,    
 ,    LINE   㣨 ᯮᮡ 
ப ६. ᫨   LINE ।    ப
६,  , ਬ,

                INPUT LINE A$

 . 設  뤠  ப 祪,     筮
뤠  ப ६,    ⥭  , 
. ⮬,᫨   ᫮ CAT  ⢥  -
 (INPUT),TO ப ६ 㤥  祭 CAT.  -
  ⥬,  ப 窨  ப  ,   -

                                -60-

     㣮  ப  ࠦ    
 (INPUT).  ,     ᯮ짮 -
 LINE  ᫮ ६.
        ࠢ CHR$22  CHR$23 ࠡ 筮 -
ࠬ AT  TAB.  쭮   ࠢ ᨬ,-
  直 ࠧ,     ᨬ 뫠    ࠭
 ,    ᫥   ᨬ,  
᢮ 筮 ⢨:  ࠡ뢠  ᫠ ( ) 
⮣, ⮡ 㪠 ப   (  AT )    ⠡樨
( TAB).   ᥣ 㢨,   ᯮ짮 
AT  TAB  ᯮᮡ  ᯮ짮 ᨬ ࠢ, -
,   ⥫⢠    .ࠢ騬
ᨬ  AT  CHR$22.  ᨬ ᫥   -
  ப,  ன   , ⮬

                PRINT CHR$22 +CHR$1 +CHR$C;

뢠 ⮦ ᠬ ⢨,  

                PRINT AT 1,C;

        ⮨ ⠪,   ᫨ ᨬ CHR$1  CHR$C -
  ࠧ 祭 (ਬ, ᫨ C=13), ᨬ CHR$22 -
।   .
        ࠢ騩 ᨬ CHR$23 ।祭    TAB, 
 ᨬ ᫥  ᯮ  ⮣, ⮡ । ᫮
 0  65535, 㪠뢠饥 ,  㤥   -
   TAB:

                PRINT CHR$23 +CHR$A +CHR$B;

    ᠬ 䥪,  

                PRINT TAB A+256*B;

         ⠭ . 設,  訢 ࠧ襭 
६饭,   ᯮ짮 㭪 POKE ᫥騬 ࠧ:

                POKE 23692,255

᫥ ⮣ .設 ॠ ६饭  255 ࠧ । ᢮
⠭  ᮬ  ६饭.  ⢥ ਬ ⠩:

                10 FOR N=0 TO 10000
                20 PRINT N: POKE 23682,255
                30 NEXT N

    ᮤন  ࠭.

        ࠦ:
1. ⠩  ணࠬ     ஢ન    ⠡
㬭.
        10 LET M$=" "
        20 LET A=INT (RND*12)+1: LET B=INT (RND*12)+1
        30 INPUT ($)' '  " ";(A);"*";(B);"?";C
       100 IF C=A*B THEN LET M$="ࠢ쭮.": GO TO 30
       110 LET M$="ࠢ쭮. ⠩  ࠧ.": GO TO 30

        ᫨  ᮮࠧ⥫,  ᬮ  ⢥  ,
  ᠬ ᫨  . ਬ, ᫨ .設 訢-
 , 祬 ࠢ 2*3,      2*3.

                                -61-

          ⥩ ࠢ ⮣ 砥    ࠧ
室 ப  ᥫ.  C  ப 30   C$, A  -
 100  VAL C$   ப

        40 IF C<> STR$ VAL C$ THEN LET M$="  ᮮ⢥⢥
        .": GO TO

       . , ⢨ ᪮쪨  -
  ,   ࠢ  ।⢮ ࠭ -
 祪   STR$ (2*3).  ࠭ ⮩   -
  C$  ப 30  LINE C$.

                                -62-


                                16
                               --------

                ⭮ ந

                ⪮ ᮤঠ
                INK,PAPER,FLASH,BRIGHT,INVERSE,OVER
                BORDER

  믮 ᫥ ணࠬ:

        10 FOR M=0 TO 1:BRIGHT:
        20 FOR N=1 TO 10
        30 FOR C=0 TO 7
        40 PAPER C:PRINT " ";:REM 4 COLOURED SPAGES
        50 NEXT C:NEXT N:NEXT M
        60 FOR M=0 TO 1:BRIGHT M:PAPER 7
        70 FOR C=0 TO 3
        80 INK C:PRINT C:" ";
        90 NEXT C:PAPER 0
       100 FOR C=4 TO 7
       110 INK C:PRINT C:" ";
       120 NEXT C:NEXT M
       130 PAPER 7:INK 0:BRIGHT 0

 த    뢮 ஬ ZX SPECTRUM
 梥⭮ ⥫ 쬨 梥⮢ (     )  
஢ મ, ᫨ ⥫  ୮- ,  㢨  ࠧ
ࠤ樨 ண 梥,   ஢ 梥⮢:

                0 - 
                1 - ᨭ
                2 - 
                3 - 䨮⮢
                4 - 
                5 - 㡮
                6 - 
                7 - 

 ୮- ⥫   ।⠢  ᮡ  ᫥-
⥫쭮 室 ⮭  ୮  .   ᯮ-
 梥⮢ ᭨ ஥ ᪮  ࠭.   ⮨  
768 権 (24 ப  32 ),   ।⠢-
 ᮡ  8  8.

                                -63-

               .---.---.---.---.---.---.---.---.
               !   !   !   !   !   !   !   !   !
               !---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---!
               !   !   !   !   !   !   !   !   !
               !---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
               !   !   !$$$$$$$$$$$!   !   !   !
               !---+---+$$$$$$$$$$$+---+---+---!
               !   !   !   !   !   $$$$!   !   !
               !---+---+---+---+---$$$$+---+---!
               !   !   !$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!   !   !
               !---+---+$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+---+---+
               !   $$$$!   !   !   $$$$!   !   !
               !---$$$$+---+---+---$$$$+---+---!
               !   !   !$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$!   !   !
               !---+---+$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$+---+---+
               !   !   !   !   !   !   !   !   :
               :---:---:---:---:---:---:---:---:

        ஬ ⮣  ᨬ 易   梥⠬ -୨-
  梥⮬ । ,   梥⮬    
祪  襬 , 㬠  䮭 梥, ᯮ-
   祪.  ᪥       -
 梥   㬠 梥, ⮬      
ୠ   䮭.
        ஬ ⮣,  ᨬ  મ (筠 
⥫쭠 મ),  ⠪ 堭 娢,  
ࠡ,    ࠡ. 娢 ॠ ⠭
୨  㬠 梥⮢.  㪠   -
 ᫮묨 祭ﬨ, ⮬  ᨬ :
        1.  8  8 㫥    ।   ᨬ-
           ,  ⮬ 㫨 ।祭  㬠  梥, 
            - ୨쭮 梥.
        2. ୨  㬠 梥,     -
            ࠬ  0  7.
        3. મ -0  ଠ쭮 મ,    -
           쭮 મ.
        4. 娢 -0  娢,   娢.
     ⨬, , ⠪  ୨  㬠 梥 뢠 -
  ᨬ,     梥⮢  -
   64 祪.  ᠬ ୮   ᥫ  મ  -
娢 - ⭮  ᥩ 樨 ᨬ,   ⤥ -
.  梥⮢, મ  娢   樨 ᨬ
뢠 ਡ⠬ ⮣ ᨬ.
           -  ࠭,  ࠧ -
  樨.  ᭮,  ࠢ쭮  ,   ਡ-
  ⮩ 樨.  ᪥   砥 ⮣, ⮬    
⠥  ୨ 梥⮬   㬠 䮭  -
 મ   娢. ,    ।-
⢮ ᯮ짮 । INK, PAPER, BRIGHT  FLASH. ⠩-

                PAPER 5

 ⥬ ⠩ ᪮쪮 ⮢ -    -
 䮭, ⮬          
㬠 梥,  ⠭   梥 ( -
 梥 ।  5).

                                -64-

        㣨 ਡ ॠ 筮, ⮬ ᫥

                PAPER   0  7
                INK     0  7
                BRIGHT 0  1 \
                             ==> ⠩,  0  몫祭, 
                FLASN  0  1 /                  1  祭

  ⠭ ᮮ⢥騩 ਡ     ᨬ
権,   ᯮ. ⠩ ᯥ  -
ᨬ.   ᬮ 㢨 砫 ࠡ ணࠬ (,
 ஡  ᨬ,    梥  INK
 PAPER).
          ᪮쪮 ᥫ,   ᯮ짮 
㪠 ।     אַ ﭨ.
          ।   ᯮ짮  8,
 砥 "஧"  ⮬ ᫥,  ᢥ稢 
ਡ. ।  ਬ,   ॠ

                PAPER 8

         樨 ᨬ    㬠  梥, ⠪
 8    梥⮬. ⮬,   樨  -
 梥 ⠭ ⥬  ᠬ 梥⮬,    ।  ⨬.
। INK 8, BRIGHT 8  FLASH 8  ⢫  ⮦  ᠬ 
㣨 ਡ⮢.
         9   ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  ।ﬨ PAPER
 INK  砥 "".  (୨  㬠),-
  ᯮ  ⨬ ।ﬨ ⠭   -
  ࠢ  㣨, .. ⠭ , ᫨ 㣨 梥
⥬ (, ᨭ,   ),  , ᫨ -
 梥 ᢥ (, ,   ).
        ⠩ ᫥饥:

                INK 9: FOR C=0 TO 7: PAPER C: PRINT C: NEXT C

        ॠ樨 ண ணࠬ  砫  襩 ࠧ-
⥫쭮  ࠭ ந 梥 . ⥬ :

         INK 9:PAPER 8:PRINT AT 0,0;:FOR N=1 TO 1000:PRINT N;:NEXT N

         ⮬ ୨ 梥 ᥣ ⠭  
 ࠢ   㬠 梥⮬   樨.
        ⭮ ⥫ ࠧࠡ⠭  ᭮  쭮  쥧
䠪, 饣  ⮬, 祫᪨    ⮫-
  梥 (室 梥) -ᨭ,   . 㣨 梥-
   ᬥ. ਬ,  梥 砥   ᬥ-
訢 ᨭ  ᭮ 梥⮢,  祬      3,
.. 㬬  ᨭ  ᭮ 梥⮢.
         ⮣, ⮡ 㢨,  ᥬ 梥⮢ -
, ࠧ  אַ㣮 ᢥ⮢ ⭠, 襭  ᨭ,
   梥, ᢥ      ᥤ  
  㬠 ( ᯥਬ ஢  ⥬ ).   
אַ㣮쭨  뢠   㣠, 㢨 ᬥ襭
梥⮢,   뢠 ।⠢   ணࠬ ( ⨬,
 ୨ ஡ ॠ ।⢮  SHIFT   -
襩 8  ० G).

                                -65-

                10 BORDER 0: PAPER 0: INK 7: CLS
                20 FOR A=1 TO 6
                30 PRINT TAB 6; INK 1;"###############": REM 18 INK
                   SQUAROS
                40 NEXT A
                50 LET DATALINE=200
                60 GO SUB 1000
                70 LET DATALINE=210
                80 GO SUB 1000
                90 STOP
                200 DATA 2,3,7,5,4
                210 2,2,6,4,4
                1000 FOR A=1 TO 6
                1010 RESTORE DATALINE
                1020 FOR B=1 TO 5
                1030 READ C: PRINT INK C;"######";:REM 6 INK SQUARES
                1040 NEXT B: PRINT : NEXT A
                1050 RETURN

         㭪, 뢠 ATTR,  ।, -
ਡ 室   樨  ࠭.  ⢨⥫쭮 祭
 㭪, ⮬  뫠 ⭥ᥭ    .
           । INVERSE  OVER, ࠢ-
  ਡ⠬, ࠧ 祪, ந  -
. ᯮ  0  몫祭  1  祭  -
  ।ﬨ FLASH  BRIGHT,    ᯮ  ⢥
. ᫨  믮 । INVERSE 1,  ࠧ -
祪,  ,  ஢   ⭮襭    ᢮
筮 ଥ:窨 㬠 梥    窨 ୨-
 梥  . ⮬ 㪢 A 㤥 ⠭ ⠪:

                ########################
                ########################
                #######         ########
                #######         ########
                ################   #####
                ################   #####
                #######            #####
                #######            #####
                ###   ##########   #####
                ###   ##########   #####
                ######             #####
                ######             #####
                ########################
                ########################

        ᫨ (   祭)    ୨ 梥 
 㬠 梥,  㪠 ᨬ      ୮
䮭, ,      樨 ᨬ    ୨
梥   㬠 梥.    窨,  .
        ।    OVER
  ⢨ ।  ⪨. 筮,  --
 뢠  ᨬ ,   ࠥ, 
뫮   ࠭ ᬮ७ ਬ, ⥯  ᨬ
㤥     ᨬ (, .ࠦ 1).
 ᢮⢮ ᮡ     ⠢  ᨬ, ⠪
 㪢  㤠७  ,     ணࠬ  ᯥ-
⪨ 㪢 檮 䠢, ਬ 㪢 ""  㬫   .
(砫 ॠ  NEW).

                                -66-

                10 OVER 1
                20 FOR N=1 TO 32
                30 PRINT "O"; CHR$ 8;"""";
                40 NEXT N

(⬥⨬ ࠢ騩 ᨬ CHR$ 8,  頥   
஡).
         ᯮᮡ ᯮ짮 ஢ INK, PAPER
 ..,   ⭮ 諨  , 祬  ᯮ짮
  ।.   ⠭   ⢥  ⮢  
। PRINT  ᫥騬 ࠧ⥫ (;),  ⮬   -
   筮 ⮦ ᠬ,   ,  뫨 -
짮   । (    ᮡ⢥ ।-
)  ᪫祭 ⮣,  ﭨ  ஢  ⮫-
   । PRINT, ஥  ᮤন. ⮬,᫨ -

                PRINT PAPER 6;"X";:PRINT "Y"

 ⮫쪮 X 㤥 .
     INK  ⠫  ᯮ짮  ⢥ ।
   梥   ࠭,  뢮  
   / INPUT /.  ࠭ ᯮ 梥 ࠭
 ᢮ 㬠 梥   9  ⭮  ᢮ ୨-
 梥.஬ ⮣,   ࠭ ࠡ⠥ 堭 -
娢 ࠭, 祬   ८ࠧ ந室  ଠ쭮
મ.   梥 ࠭      쬨 
梥⮢/ 8  9/,ᯮ ।

                BORDER  梥

        INPUT/ /,᫨⥫쭠 -
 ᫥ ࠢ  ᯮ짮  ᭮ ୨쭮  梥 
࠭筮 /BORDER/ 㬠 梥,,   梥 -
,ᠭ ᫨⥫쭮 設 ।⢮ ᯮ짮
⮢ INK  PAPER ( ..) । INPUT ⠪,  뫮
ᤥ  । PRINT. ﭨ     ।-
          INPUT, ᨬ
 ⮣,   ୠ⨢ ⢫ ࢮ.⠩ ᫥-
饥:
                INPUT FLASH I; INK I;"  ?";N

           ᯮᮡ  梥⮢ ।⢮  -
짮 ࠢ ᨬ, 쭮 宦   ᯮ짮
ࠢ ᨬ  TAB  AT ( 15).
        CHR$ 16 ᮮ⢥ INK
        CHR$ 17 ᮮ⢥ PAPER
        CHR$ 18 ᮮ⢥ FLASH
        CHR$ 19 ᮮ⢥ BRIGHT
        CHR$ 20 ᮮ⢥ INVERSE
        CHR$ 21 ᮮ⢥ OVER
            ᫥  ᨬ, 뢠 梥
।⢮ ᢮ : ⠪ (ਬ):

                PRINT CHR$ 15 +CHR$ 9;...

뢠 ⮦ ᠬ ⢨,  

                PRINT INK 9;...
                                 -67-

         楫   㤥 뢠 㤮   ᯮ짮
 ࠢ ᨬ, ⮬    ᯮ짮 ⠪ 
  梥⮢. ,     ᤥ,-
⠭    ணࠬ:    ਤ  ࠧ-
  ࠧ 梥 ᨬ   㣠   ॠ-
 ⭮ ⠭ 梥⮢.  ⮬      ⠭
ᯨ᮪ 室 ⮢ ᫥  ப    -
.
         ⮣, ⮡  㪠   ணࠬ,  -
     , ᯮ  設⢥ -
 ७ ०  ࠬ.
          0  7 ⠭ ᮮ⢥騩 梥 -୨-
, ᫨   CAPS SHIFT  㬠 梥, ᫨  -
  .  筮, ᫨  室  ०  E    
஢  (᪠ 6  ⮣ 梥 -   砥  
    ।  0  7 ( 8  9   
᪫祭)),    ᨬ;   CHR$ 17    PAPER, 
 CHR$ 6, 騥 "⠭ ⮣ 梥".᫨  㦥 -
⮩  CAPS SHIFT   ஢ ,  -
 ᨬ  CHR$ 16, 騩 "⠭  ୨쭮  梥", ..
 ᨬ CR$ 17  砥 ᨬ CHR$ 16.
            ।⠢  ᨬ, 砥-
 ᪮쪮  䥪, 騩  ⮬,   㦤
  DELETE ,祬  ᫥ ࢮ  
㤥  ⥫     ࠭  . 
ᯮ  ⮬ ,    DELETE  ࠧ.
         ,   ६   室  ࠢ-
 ᨬ, ᨬ <==  ==>    ⠪    ᥡ  쭮
࠭.
        ⬥⨬,   ७ ०

        8  CHR$ 19  CHR$ 0  ଠ쭮 મ
        9  CHR$ 19  CHR$ 1  ⥫쭮 મ
        CAPS SHIFT  8  CHR$ 18  CHR$ 0  ࠡ   -
                                             
        CAPS SHIFT  9  CHR$ 18  CHR$ 1  娢

        ஬ ⮣,  筮 ० [L]    -
⮢
        CAPS SHIFT  3  CHR$ 20  CHR$ 0   ᨬ
        CAPS SHIFT  4  CHR$ 20  CHR$ 1   ஢
                                             .
        㭪 ATTR  ᫥ 

                ATTR (ப )

         㬥 ⮩ 㭪樨 ।⠢ ᮡ   ப
 ,    ᯮ짮   AT,  १⮬
ࠡ ⮩ 㭪樨  ᫮,஥ 뢠 梥  .. 
ᮮ⢥ ᨬ     ⥫  ࠭.  
㭪  ᯮ짮  ࠦ ⠪ ᢮,    
㣨 㭪樨.
        ᫮, 饥 १⮬ ࠡ ⮩ 㭪樨, ।⠢-
 ᮡ 㬬  㣨 ᥫ,  ।⠢ :
        128, ᫨ ᨬ쭠  娢 ,   0, ᫨   
             娢.
        64,  ᫨ ᨬ쭠  ।⠢ ᨫ쭮  મ,
             ᫨  ।⠢ ଠ쭮 મ.
        8*   㬠 梥,
          ୨쭮 梥.

                                -68-

        ਬ, ᫨ ᨬ쭠    娢, ࠤ⠢
ଠ쭮 મ   㬠 梥⮬  ᨭ ୨ 梥-
⮬,   ᫠,     ᫮ ।⠢  ᮡ
᫥饥: 128, 0, 8*6=48    1,   177. ஢ :

        PRINT AT 0,0; FLASH 1; PAPER 6; INK 1;" "; ATTR/0,0/
          ।⠢    -
⥫쭮 設:

   MODE  SHIFT
   +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   !    !SYM !DEF ! FN ! LI ! OP !CLO ! MO !ERA !POI !CAT !FOR !
   !    !BOL ! FN !    ! NE ! EN ! SE ! VE ! GE ! NT !    !MAT !
   +    +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   !    !CAPS!INK !INK !INK !INK !INK !INK !INK !    !    !    !
   ! E  !    !BLUE!RED !MAGN!GREN!    !WELO!    !    !    !    !
   +    +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   !    !NONE!PAPE!    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !
   !    !    !  R !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !
   +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   !    !EITH! # ! # !  ! ## ! # ! # !  ! ## !    !DELE!
   !    ! ER ! ## ! ## ! ## ! # ! # ! # ! # ! ## !    ! TE !
   + G  +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   !    !NONE! # ! # ! ## !  ! # ! # ! ## !  !    !DELE!
   !    !    !  !  !  ! # ! # ! # ! # !  !    ! TE !
   +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   !    !CAPS!EDIT!CAPS!TRUE!INVE!<---!  ! !  + !--->!!DELE!
   !    !    !    !LOOK!VIDE!VIDE!    !  + !  ! !    !.! E !
   +    +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   !K.L.!SIMB!  ! !  @ !  # !  S !  / !  & !  ' !  ( !  ) !  _ !
   !OR C! OL !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !
   +    +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
   !    !NOME!  1 !  2 !  3 !  4 !  5 !  6 !  7 !  8 !  9 !  0 !
   !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !    !
   +____+____+____+____+____+____+____+____+____+____+____+____+


        MOGE      -  ०
        SHIFT     -  ᤢ
        OR        -  
        SIMBOL    -  ᨬ
        CAPS      -  
        NONE      -  
        EITHER    -  
        DEF FN    -  । 㭪樨 짮⥫
                  -  ᨭ ୨ 梥
                  -  ᨭ 㬠 梥
        EDIT      -  ।஢
        FN        -  㭪
                  -   ୨ 梥
                  -   㬠 梥
        CAPS LOCK -  ஢ ᤢ 
        LINE      -  ப
                  -   ୨ 梥
         TRUE
        VIDEO     -  ଠ쭮 ந  ࠭
         INVERSE
        VIDEO     -  ஢ ந  ࠭
        OPEN      -  ⨥
                  -   ୨ 梥
                  -   㬠 梥

                                -69-

        CLOSE     -  ⨥
                  -   ୨ 梥
                  -   㬠 梥
        MOVE      -  ६饭
                  -   ୨ 梥
                  -   㬠 梥
        ERAGE     -  㤠
                  -   ୨ 梥
                  -   㬠 梥
                  -   㬠 梥
        CAPS LOCK -  ஢ ᤢ 
        LINE      -  ப
                  -   ୨ 梥
                  -   㬠 梥
        TRUE
        VIDEO     -  ଠ쭮 ந  ࠭
        OPEN      -  ⨥
                  -   ୨ 梥
                  -   㬠 梥
        INWERSE
        VIDEO     -  ஢ ந  ࠭
                     ( ⠭   )
        CLOSE     -  ⨥
                  -   ୨ 梥
                  -   㬠 梥
        MOVE      -  ६饭
                  -   ୨ 梥
                  -   㬠 梥
        POINT     -  㪠⥫
        ERAGE     -  㤠
                  -   ୨ 梥
                  -   㬠 梥
                  -  祭 娢
                  -  ଠ쭠 મ
                  -  몫祭 娢
                  -  ⥫쭠 મ
                  -  뢮 ᪨ ᨬ
                  -  ᪨ ०
        FORMAT    -  ଠ
                  -   ୨ 梥
                  -   㬠 梥
        DELETE    -  ࠭

        ࠦ:
  1.  ⠩
                PRINT "B"; CHR$ 8; OVER 1;"/";
        ,   / 襫 १ ,  ⠢  .
 ᯮᮡ  ⮪  ࠡ  ⥬ ZX-SPEC-
TRUM:  㬠 梥   ୨ 梥  㬠 梥
  ࠧ ࠪ 梥⮢ 砥 ୨ 梥.   䠪
  ᢮⢮, 騬   ⮬ ,  ᫨  
      ,      ⮬,
 祣 砫. ᫨  ⥯ 

                PRINT CHR$ 8; OVER 1;"/"

 ।, 祬 ᨬ  祭  ᥪ  祪.

                                -70-

  2.  ⠩

                PAPER 0: INK 0

    , ⠭    
 ࠭.
          

                BORDER 0

 㡥,   ᫨⥫쭠 設 ᫥  .
  3.   ண ᫥饩 ணࠬ:

                10 POKE 22527+RND*704, RND127
                20 GO TO 10

          㬠,  ࠡ⠥ - ᫨⥫쭠 設
 梥 ⮢  ⥫ ࠭, 㭪樨 RND -
稢 砩 ॠ樨 ⮣ .    ,
   砩 㢨,  樥  
㭪樨 RND ࠧ,  ॠ  ᥢ砩 ⮤, 
   砩묨.
  4.    㧨  ணࠬ, 㪠  , ᨬ
嬠 䨣 ( 14),  ⥬   ணࠬ  ⢨-
 㤥 ந ࠬ 嬠 権.
                 5 REM DRAW BLANK BOARD
                10 LET BB=1: LET BW=2: REM RED AND BLUE FOR BOARD
                15 PAPER BW: INK BB: CLS
                20 PLOT 70,128: REM BORDER
                30 DRAW 65,0: DRAW 0,-65
                40 DRAW -65,0: DRAW 0,65
                50 PAPER BB
                60 REM BOARD
                70 FOR N=0 TO 3: FOR M=0 TO 3
                80 PRINT AT 6+2*N, 11+2*M;" "
                90 PRINT AT 7+2*N, 10+2*M;" "
               100 NEXT M: NEXT N
               110 PAPER 8
               120 LET PW=6: LET PB=5: REM COLOURS OF WHITE AND
                                           BLACK PIECES
               200 DIM BS (8,8):REM POSICIONS OF PIECES
               205 REM SET UP INITIAL POSITIONS
               210 LET B$(1)="RNBQKUNR"
               220 LET B$(2)="PPPPPPPP"
               230 LET B$(7)="PPPPPPPP"
               240 LET B$(8)="RNBQKUNR"
               300 REM DISPLAY BOARD
               310 FOR N=1 TO 8: FOR M=1 TO 8
               320 LET BC=CODE B$(N,M):INC PW
               325 IF BC=CODE" "HN GO O 350: REM SPACE
               330 IF BC>CODE"Z"THEN INK PB: LET BC=BC-32: REM LOWER
                                CASE FOR BLACK
               340 LET BC=BC+79: REM CONVERT TO GRAPHICS
               350 PRINT AT 5+N, G+M; CHR$ BC
               360 NEXT M: NEXT N
               400 PAPER 7: INK 0

5-祭 ⮩ ᪨; 10-  ᨭ 梥  ᪨; 20--
; 60-࠭; 120-梥    䨣; 200-樨 䨣;
205-⠭ 砫 ;300-ந ᪨;325--
; 320- 㪢  ; 340-८ࠧ  ᪨
०.

                                -71-

                               17
                              --------

        䨪

        ⪮ ᮤঠ
        PLOT, DRAW, CIRCLE, POINT
         ࠦ

                ᠭ

            㢨,   ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM -
 ⨭.  ࠭,    ᯮ짮, ।⠢-
 ᮡ 22 ப  32  (),  ⠢  22*32=704
ᨬ 樨.     16,      ᨬ-
 権 ࠧ  ⮢ 8*8 祪,   뢠-
 ⠬ ࠦ ( PIXELS ).
           ࠦ  ᯥ   ᫠,
 न⠬. ࢠ  न () । ﭨ,
஥   ࠦ  ⮨  ᠬ    
(). (,    ४⨥ ).  न
  ࠦ (Y) ।  ﭨ,  ஥  
 ⮨  ᭮ ࠭.  न 筮 뢠-
 ୮  ᪮,⠪ (0,0), (255,0), (0,125)  (255,175) -
 न⠬ 祪,  ᯮ    , 
ࠢ, 孥   孥 ࠢ 㣫 ࠭ ᮮ⢥⢥.
        ।

                PLOT X न, Y न

ॠ     ࠦ  㪠묨  न⠬,
⮬ ।⠢  㢫⥫쭠 ணࠬ

        10 PLOT INT (RND*256), INT (RND*176):INPUT A$: GO TO 10

㤥 ࠦ 砩 窨  ࠧ,  㤥 
 ENTER.
        ।⠢   ᭠ ணࠬ. ணࠬ-
 ந 䨪 㭪樨 SIN (ᨭᮨ )  祭,-
    0  2PI.

                10 FOR N=0 TO 256
                20 PLOT N,88+80*SIN (128*PI)
                30 NEXT N

          ணࠬ ॠ  ஥  䨪  SQR
( ࠡ)  0  4:

                10 FOR N=0 TO 255
                20 PLOT N,80*SQR (N/64)
                30 NEXT N

        ⨬,  न ⮢ ࠦ  ⥫쭮
 ⫨  ப   , ᯮ㥬    AT. 
  ࠬ, ।⠢   13, 쬠   
᫥ न ⮢ ࠦ  ஢ ப  .
         ⮣ ⮡    ᪨ ࠡ,.設
㤥   , 㦭    㦭⥩, 
室  ஥ ࠦ,   । DRAW  
CIRCLE.

                                -72-

       । DRAW  ஥   ਭ ᫥-
騩 
                DRAW X,Y

        砫쭮 窮 ⮩    ࠦ, 
஬ 稫 ᢮ ࠡ । PLOT, DRAW  CIRCLE (
뢠 樥 PLOT ( 樥 䨪 ), 祬  RUN,
CLEAR, CLS  NEW ॢ       㣮  ࠭,
窠 (0,0),  筮 窮  窠,     X
⮢ ࠦ ࠢ    Y  ⮢  ࠦ  .
। DRAW ᠬ  ᥡ  ।    ࠢ  ⮩
,    砫 .
       ᯥਬ  ᪮쪨  PLOT  DRAW,-
ਬ:
                PLOT 0,100:DRAW 80,-35
                PLOT 90,150: DRAW 80,-35

        ⨬,  ᫠  । DRAW   ⥫-
묨,   । PLOT ⮣   .
        ஬ ⮣,   ந 䨪  ࠦ  梥,
  ᥣ    ,  梥 ᥣ 뢠  
ᨬ (..  ᨬ )     㪠  -
 ⮢ ࠦ.  稢  ࠦ-
,  ।⠢  ᢮ ୨쭮 梥,  ᨬ쭠 -
, ᮤঠ   ࠦ   ⥪饬 ୨-
 梥. ।⠢  ணࠬ  ᪠:

                10 BORDER 0: PAPER 0: INK 7: CLS: REM  ࠭
                20 LET X1=0:LET Y1=0: REM 砫 
                30 LET C=1: REM  ୨쭮 梥, 稭饣
                            
                40 LET X2=INT (RND*256):LET Y2=INT(RND*176):REM -
                              
                50 DRAW INK C;X2-X1,Y2-Y1
                60 LET X1=X2:LET Y1=Y2:REM ᫥  稭-
                             ⠬,  ᫥  䨭
                70 LET C=C+1: IF C=8 THEN LET C=1: REM  梥
                80 GO TO 40

       -,   ࠭稢   த -
 ணࠬ   ந室 - ⮣,     -
 梥    ࠦ  ᨬ 権,
१    室. ⨬,    -
 PAPER, INK, FLASH, BRIGHT, INVERSE  OVER   ।  PLOT
 DRAW 筮 ⠪,   ந   ।ﬨ PRINT 
INPUT.  ᯮ  祢 ᫮  न⠬  ࠧ-
  窠  묨,  묨.
        ⥫ २⢮ ᯮ짮 ।  DRAW
 ,     ᯮ짮   稢 ⥩
㦭⥩     ।⢮ ᯮ짮  -
⥫쭮 ᫠  ⮣,⮡ 㪠 㣮  ਢ. ।-
 룫廊 ⠪:

                DRAW X,Y,A

        ६ X  Y ᯮ  ⮣, ⮡ 㪠 -
  , ⠪   ࠭,  A ।⠢ ᮡ ᫮ -
,  ஥    ਢ, 祬, ᫨  A -
 ⥫ ᫮,   ⢫  , , ᫨
A  ⥫ ᫮,     ⢫ ࠢ.
㣨 ᯮᮡ  㭪樨 A    ।⠢  ⥩

                                -73-

 㦭,  㤥 祭:   㦭 ।-
⠢ ᮡ 2 PI ࠤ, ⮬, ᫨ A ࠢ PI, 㤥 -
祭   㦭, ᫨ A ࠢ  0.5*PI,  㤥  祭
⢥ 㦭  ..
        ਬ, ।,  A=PI. ,     﫨
祭 X  Y,  १   㦭.-
 ண
                10 PLOT 100,100: DRAW 50,50,PI

   㮪㦭  殬  窥 (150,150),  砫 
窥 (100,100).
        ⥦ ᪠  -筮 ࠢ,  ६
稢 ⠭  室  ᥢ-  ࠢ-
:  ⨬ ࠢﬨ ਢ 稢  180 ࠤ-
ᮢ  PI ࠤ (稭 A).
         ண ⮩ ணࠬ ᪮쪮  ࠧ,   PI
ࠧ묨 㣨 稭, ਬ,-PI, PI/2, 3*PI/2, PI/4 1.0.
        ᫥ ᬠਥ ।    
। CIRCLE,   ண 稢    -
.   㪠  न  業  㦭   ࠤ
।⢮
                CIRCLE X न,Y न, ࠤ

           । PLOT  DRAW,   ⠭-
 ࠧ 梥   砫 । CIRCLE.
        㭪 POINT ᮮ頥,  梥 ᬠਢ 
ࠦ (㬠  ୨ 梥). 㭪 POINT   
㬥 (न  ࠦ),   -
祭  ᪮,   १  ࠡ 砥 0, ᫨ 
ࠦ 㬠 梥,  1,᫨  ࠦ ୨-
 梥. ⠩ ᫥饥  ।:

                CLS: PRINT POINT (0,0):PLOT 0,0:PRINT POINT (0,0)

                PAPER 7: INK 0

 ᫥,    INVERSE  OVER  ࠡ    ।
PLOT.     ᮮ⢥騩  ࠦ-
   ⠫  ᨬ쭮 樨. 筮   㬥
몫祭 (0)  । PLOT, ⮬, ᫨    㯮
 ,     (1).
        ।⠢  ਬ 㪠  -
⮢:
        PLOT; - 筠 ଠ.  ࠦ    ୨쭮
               , .. ⠭  ࠦ  -
               樨 ୨쭮 梥.

        PLOT IN- - ଠ ந    ࠭  ୨쭮
        VERSE 1;  梥, ..   ⠭  ࠦ
                   樨 㬠 梥.

        PLOT IN- - ଠ ⠢  ࠦ 筮  -
        VERSE 1;  ,    ०, , ⨬,  
        OVER 1;     PLOT, ⮬   ᯮ짮-
                       樨.
       ⢥ 㣮 ਬ ᯮ짮 । OVER -
ᬮਬ  ࠭ ﬨ  ⥪⮬   䮭, 
祣 ᫥ 

                PLOT 0,0:DRAW OVER 1;255,175

                                -74-

         ।   ⫨ , ᬮ
 ,     ஬⪨ ,   砥  -
.  믮 筮 ⠪   ᭮.  ⮬ 
祧, ⠢  ᫥.   訬 २-
  OVER 1. ᫨  ⨫ , ᯮ

                PLOT 0,0:DRAW 255,175

 㤠 , ᯮ

                PLOT 0,0:DRAW INVERSE 1;255,175

  㤠 ⠪  -  ᠭ  ࠭.
         ⠩:

                PLOT 0,0: DRAW OVER 1;250,175

 㡥 ⥦ ।⢮

                DRAW OVER 1;-250,-175

         ࠢ쭠 ࠡ, ⠪   ࠦ, -
   ᯮ  ᢮   ,  ᮢᥬ  ᮮ⢥
⠬ ࠦ,   ᯮ   ।.
   筮 ⥬  ᠬ ࠢ,  ஬  
⨫.
        ᯮᮡ 祭  梥⮢ 砥  ᯥ-
  묨 梥⠬   , ᯮ  ।
짮⥫ ᪨ ᨬ. ண ᫥饩 ண-
ࠬ:
                1000 FOR N=0 TO 6 STAP 2
                1010 POKE USR"A"+N, BIN 01010101:POKE USR "W"+N+1,
                     BIN 10101010
                1020 NEXT N

  ।塞 짮⥫ ᪨ ᨬ,ᮮ⢥-
騥 ࠧ 嬠⭮ ᪨. ᫨  ⠥   ᨬ ( 
᪮ ०  A)  ୨ 梥⮬   ⮬  䮭
( 㬠 梥),   ਥ ࠭ 梥.

        ࠦ
        1. ⠬ PAPER, INK, FLASH  BRIGHT  ।-
 PLOT.   ﬨ ⮣ ,     ᨬ-
 , ᮤঠ  ࠦ. 筮  ⠪, -
 । PLOT 砫 ᫥騬 ࠧ:

                PLOT PAPER 8; FLASH 8; BRIGHT 8;

 ⮬ ⮫쪮 ୨ 梥 ᨬ쭮 樨 , 
- ⠬ ,     , ᫨ .
          ᮡ ⥫,  ᯮ 梥
 ⮬ INVERSE I, TAK KAK  ⮬ ⠭  -
ࠦ   㬠 梥,   ୨ 梥,
    ⥬,   .
        2.⠩  㦭, ᯮ 㭪樨  SIN 
COS (᫨  竨  10, ⠩ , ).
         ண ᫥饩  ணࠬ:

                10 FOR N=0 TO 2*PI STEP PI/180
                20 PLOT 100+80*COSN,87+80*SINN
                30 NEXT N
                40 CIRCLE 150,87,80

                                -75-

          㡥,  । CIRCLE ࠡ⠥  -
⥫쭮 ॥,    襩 筮.
        3. ⠩

                CIRCLE 100,87,80:DRAW 50,50

         ⮣ ᭮,  । CIRCLE ⠢  PLOT
 쭮 ।  - 室  -    
ࠢ ஭ 㦭.  ⮣, ⮡   ⥦  ,
筮 室 ᫥ । CIRCLE  । PLOT.
        4.  ।⠢ ணࠬ  ஥ 䨪  
㭪樨 (ࠪ᪨ ). 砫 . 設    ᫥
N  㤥 ந 䨪  祭,     -N 
+N. ⥬, ᫨⥫쭠 設    㭪樨,  -
  ப.  ப   ࠦ, ᯮ騬
X  ⢥ 㬥 ⮩ 㭪樨.

                10 PLOT 0,87:DRAW 255,0
                20 PLOT 127,0:DRAW 0,175
                30 INPUT S,E$
                35 LET T=0
                40 FOR F=0 TO 255
                50 LET X=(F-128)*S/128: LET Y=VAL E$
                60 IF ABS Y>87 T奭  =0: GO TO 100
                70 IF NOT T THEN PLOT F,Y+88: LET I=1: GO TO 100
                80 DRAW 1,Y-OLD Y
                100 LET OLD Y=INT(Y+5)
                110 NEXT F

        ண ⮩ ணࠬ   ⢥ ਬ -
⠩ 10  ᫠ N  10*TAN X  㭪樨.  ⮬ 砥 
䨪 㭪樨 TAN X, 㬥 X ன     
-10  + 10.

                                -76-

                               18
                              --------
                

                ⪮ ᮤঠ
                PAUSE, INKEY$, PEEK

                ᠭ

        ᫨  ᮧ ணࠬ,  ன 室 ⢨
প  - ஬⮪ ६,    ᯮ짮
। PAUSE.
        ।
                    PAUSE N

⠭ ᫥  ந N ⥫ ஢ ( 50
஢  ᥪ  . ய  60 ஢  ᥪ  ਪ ).᫮
N    ᨬ쭮   ࠢ 65535,  -
 22  ६ ⠭ ᫥. ᫨ N=0,  砥 -
 .
        㧠,।塞 । PAUSE,ᥣ   -
饭 ।⢮  -  (⨬, ஡
 ᤢ  맮 ⠪  뢠). ᫥ ⮣, -
 砫,     .
         ணࠬ ࠡ⠥  ᥪ㭤 ५ ᮢ:

        10 REM ᭠砫  㥬 ࡫ ᮢ
        20 FOR N=1 TO 12
        30 PRINT AT 10-10*COS(N/6*PI),16+10*SIN(N/6*PI);N
        40 NEXT N
        50 REM ⥯  稭  ६
        60 FOR T=0 TO 200000: REM T  ६  ᥪ㭤
        70 LET A=T/30*PI : REM A  㣮 ᥪ ५  ࠤ
        80 LET SX=80*SIN A: LET SY=80*COS A
       200 PLOT 128,88: DRAW OVER 1;SX,SY: REM 祭 ᥪ ५
       210 PAUSE 42
       220 PLOT 128,88: DRAW OVER 1;SX,SY: REM ࠭ ᥪ ५
       400 NEXT T

          ਬ୮ ᫥ 55,5 ᮢ ४ ᢮ ࠡ -
 ப 60/200000 ᥪ㭤/,    쭮  㢥-
 ⥫쭮 ࠡ ᮢ. ᬮਬ, ࠢ ६ -
।⢮ ப 210.   ,  । PAUSE 60 -
।  ६   ᥪ㭤, ᫥ ⠪ -
 - ६   ६   ।⠢.⮬,
᫥ ⮤ ᫥⥫  ਡ  ᨭ஭஢ 
. 設  ॠ ६   ப 210   ,-
 ॠ쭮 ६  㤥 ᮮ⢥⢮ 設 ६. ( 
ᬮ ᤥ  筮 筮, ⠪  筮 ॣ㫨஢
᪮ ६饭 ஢ ࠢ 2 業  0,5   ⪨).
         ⬥,     ᯮᮡ -
 ६.  ⮬ ᮡ 室 ᯮ짮 ᮤন -
। 祥 . ࠭   訢  ।⢮
ᯮ짮  PEEK.   25 ᠭ ஡ ᯮ-
 ⮣ . ᯮ㥬 ࠦ  :

        (65536*PEEK 2367+256*PEEK 23673+PEEK 23672)/50

 ।  ᫮ ᥪ㭤, 稭  ⮣ ६, .
設 뫠 祭 (  3 ⮪  21 ,᫥ 祣  -
頥  ).

                                -77-

         ᬮ७ ࠬ  ᯮ짮 ⮣ -
.
        10 REM ᭠砫  稢 ࡫ ᮢ
        20 FOR N=1 TO 12
        30 PRINT AT 10-10*COS(N/6*PI),16+10*SIN(N/6*PI);N
        40 NEXT N
        50 DEF FN T((=INT)(65536*PEEK 23674+256*PEEK 23673+PEEK
           23672)/50): REM ᫮ ᥪ㭤  砫 ࠡ . 設
       100 REM ⥯  ᪠ 
       110 LET T1=FN T//
       120 LET A=T1/30*PI: REM A  㣮 ᥪ㭤 ५  ࠤ.
       130 LET SX=72*SIN A: LET SY=72*COS A
       140 PLOT 131,91: DRAW OVER 1,SX,SY:REM 稢 ५
       200 LET T=FN T//
       210 IF T<B1 THEN GO TO 200: REM    ,   -
            ६  ᫥饩 ५
       220 PLOT 131,91: DRAW OVER 1;SX,SY:REM   ५
       230 LET T1=T: GO TO 120

        ७ , ᯮ㥬   ⮬  ᯮᮡ,   
筮  -ਡ⥫쭮 0,01% ६ ࠡ .設,-
饩  ணࠬ,  10  ᥪ㭤    ⪨, , 
뢠,  . 設 ⠭ ᥣ,  ᯮ-
  BEEP, 樨  ⭮ ⮩  ᯮ -
饥 ன⢮    㤮,    ਬ-
  ࠡ  . 設.      ਢ  
६.
        ᫠ PEEK 23674, PEEK 23676  PEEK 23672 ࠭  .
設  ᯮ   60-  ᥪ㭤.  㪠-
  ᥫ 室      255  ⥯ -
  ᥬ 祭  0  255, ᫥ 祣    뢠
⭮  0.
᫮, ஥ ⠥  , ᮮ⢥  PEEK  23762.
 1/50  ᥪ㭤  ⠥  .    -
⠥  255, ᫥饥 饭 ॢ     ६-
  饭 㢥   ᫮ PEEK 23673.  ( -
 256/50 ᥪ㭤) ᫮ PEEK 23673 室  256  0,, ᢮
।, ॢ ᫮ PEEK 23674  .  ⮣  "᭥
⭮, 祬 ࠡ⠥ 㪠 ࠦ.
         ᬮਬ     ஡: ।,
 ᫮ PEEK 23674  㫥,᫮ PEEK 23673  ᫮ PEEK 23672 ࠢ-
  255.  砥,   ਡ⥫쭮  १ 21   ᫥
몫祭  ࠦ  ࠡ

                (65536*0+256*255+255)/50=1310,7

        ,    ⭮.  ᫥騩 ࠧ,
 ਡ 1/50 ᥪ㭤, 㪠  ᫠ ८ࠧ 
1, 0  0.  㤥 ந室  ࠧ,  㤥 業
祭 : . 設 㤥 業 ᫮  PEEK 23674
 0,  ⥬ 室  0  㣨 ᫠,० 祬 -
⥫쭠 設 ᯥ  ᬮ . ⮬ 砥 ⢥ -
 ᫥騬:
                /65536*0+0//50=0

                         ᮢ襭 ࠢ쭮.
         ࠭ ⮣  ⮥ ࠢ:  室
  業 ⮣ ࠦ ᫥⥫쭮   訩
⢥.
       ᫨  ⥫쭮 ஠ ।⠢  ணࠬ-
,  㢨,   ॠ  .

                                -78-

         ।⠢  ࠪ ਥ  ਬ   
ࠢ. । 㭪樨:

        10 DEF FN M(X,Y)=(X+Y+ABS(X-Y))/2: REM 襥 ᫮ 
                           X  Y
        20 DEF FN U (/=(65536*PEEK 23674+256*PEEK 23673+PEEK 23672)
                    /50: REM ६, ஥   ࠢ
        30 DEF FN T((=FN M(FN U)), FN U))):REM ६, ୮

     ⠭ ᫠ ⠪, ⮡   
ॠ쭮 ६  ६  砫 祭 .設. -
, ⠭ ६  10.00 ᮢ ,  ,   ࠢ
10*60*60*50=1800000 ⨤  ᥪ㭤  

                1800000=65536*27+256*119+64

         ⮣ ⮡ ⠭  ᫠  27, 119, 64, -
 믮 ᫥饥

        POKE 23674,27: POKE 23673,119: POKE 23672,64

         ࠭,ਭ   ࠢ 60 ,  ணࠬ-
   ஢  祭 50  60 ⠬, 
 砥.
     㭪 INKEY$ (   㬥⮢) ⠥ .
᫨   ⮫쪮   (  SHIFT  -
 ), १⮬ 믮 ।⠢ 㭪樨 -
  ᨬ,     ० L, .. ⮬
㤥  ப.
        ⠩ ।⠢  ணࠬ, ࠡ⠥ 
 設.
                10 IF INKEY$<> ""THEN GO TO 10
                20 IF INKEYS = ""THEN GO TO 20
                30 PRINT INKEYS;
                40 GO TO 10

          ᮮ⢥⢨  ப 10 ந室 , 
  ⠭  ,   ᮮ⢥⢨   ப  20
ந室 ,      .
        ,   ⨢    INPUT, 
INKEY$   . ⮬,   ⠥  ENTER, ,
 㣮 ஭, ᫨   ⠥  ᮢᥬ  祣, 
   .

        ௠
        1.  ந, ᫨    ப 10  ணࠬ
           饩 設?
        2.   ᯮᮡ ᯮ짮  INKEY$  -
             " ⮣   ஬  PAUSE,
            ।⠢  㣮 ணࠬ 饩 設.

                10 PAUSE 0
                20 PRINT INKEY$;
                30 GO TO 10

           த    "᭨,祬 ⢥ 
            㧠  稢, ᫨  㦥    -
           ,   砫 ࠡ.

                                -79-

        3.  ணࠬ ᥪ㭤 ५ ⠪, ⮡  -
           뢠 ⠪    ᮢ  ५, 稢  
            . ᫨   筮 㢥७, ⠭-
            ணࠬ ⠪,⮡  ⢥  ।⠢-
            - த , ਬ,ᨬ஢  -
                BEEP (.  ).
        4. ( ᠤ⮢). ⠩ ᫥  ணࠬ:

                10 IF INKEY$=""THEN GO TO 10
                20 PRINT AT 11,14;"OVCH!"
                30 IF INKEY$<>"" THEN GO TO 30
                40 PRINT AT 11,14;"  "
                50 GO TO 10

                                -80-

                                19
                               --------

                㪮 ᨣ

                ⪮ ᮤঠ
                BEEP

                ᠭ

       ᫨  㦥 ᭨,  ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM ᭠ -
 ஬⥫, , ० 祬    쭥襬,
㯨⥫ ⮬.
        ஬⥫   ⢨ ।⢮ ᯮ짮-
 । BEEP.

        BEEP ⥫쭮,  ⮭

,   筮, "⥫쭮"  " ⮭" ।⠢ ᮡ
ந ᫮ ࠦ.⥫쭮   ᥪ㭤, -
 ⮭ ।⠢  ⮭  । C (),   
 ।  () ᯮ ⥫ ᫠.
         ।⠢ ࠬ,  । 祭 -
 ⮭    ⠢  ⥯ﭮ:

      !   ! ! !   !   ! ! !   !   !   ! ! !   !   !
      !   ! ! !C# !D# ! ! !F# !G# !A# ! ! !   !   !
      !   ! ! !D ! ! ! !C !A !B ! ! !   !   !
      !-2 ! ! ! 1 ! 3 ! ! ! 6 ! 8 !10 ! ! !13 !15 !
     -:---: ! :---:---: ! :---:---:---: ! :---:---:-
        !   !   !   !   !   !   !   !   !   !   !
     -3 !-1 ! 0 ! 2 ! 4 ! 5 ! 7 ! 9 ! 11! 12! 14! 16
    ____!___!___!___!___!___!___!___!___!___!___!____
              C   D   E   F   G   A   B   C

        ⮣, ⮡   ᮪    ,
  ਡ   12   ⠢,  -
室   .
        ᫨ ।   ⥯ﭮ,    ணࠬ
몠 ᨣ, ।⠢  ࠬ - ,  
㦭  ॠ樨 祭  ⮭.   , ᫨  -
।⢥ ࠭ - ᠭ ,  -
,     ப  祭ﬨ  ⮭  ⨢
 , ਭ   .
         ਬ ⠩:

                10 PRINT "FRERE GUSTAV"
                20 BEEP 1,0:BEEP 1,2:BEEP .5,3:BEEP .5,2:BEEP 1,0
                30 BEEP 1,0:BEEP 1,2:BEEP .5,3:BEEP .5,2:BEEP 1,0
                40 BEEP 1,3:BEEP 1,5:BEEP 2.7
                50 BEEP 1,3:BEEP 1,5:BEEP 2.7
                60 BEEP .75,7:BEEP .25,8:BEEP .5,7:BEEP .5,5:
                   BEEP .5,3:BEEP .5,2:BEEP 1,0
                70 BEEP .75,7:BEEP .25,8:BEEP .5,7:BEEP .5,5:
                   BEEP .5,3:BEEP .5,2:BEEP 1,0
                80 BEEP 1,0:BEEP 1,-5:BEEP 2,0
                90 BEEP 1,0:BEEP 1,-5:BEEP 2,0

                                -81-

          ॠ ண ⮩ ணࠬ,   -
஭   ࢮ ᨬ䮭 ,  ,    ᮢ-
 ॡ   .
        ⨬,    ᠭ   -,   
।⠢  몠 . 砫 ⮣  룫廊 ⠪:



        ---------------------------II---------!---II------
                                  II      !  !   II
        -------------------!\------II---!--!--!---II------
                  4     !  ! \     II   !  !  !   II
        ------------!--!--!--!--!-II---!--!--!---II------
                    !  !  !  !  !:II:  !  !  !  :II
        -------------!--!--!--!--!-II---!--!-O----II------
                  4  !  !  !  !  ! II   ! O       II
        -------------!--!-O---!--!-II--O----------II------
                     ! O     O   !
                   -O-         -O-


 ⮬ ⭠   祭  ⮭ 㤥 룫拉 ᫥-
騬 ࠧ
20         ----
   19
17      ---------------------------II---------!---II------
   15                             II      !  !   II
14      -------------------!\------II---!--!--!---II------
   12             4     !  ! \     II   !  !  !   II
10      ------------!--!--!--!--!-II---!--!--!---II------
    8               !  !  !  !  !:II:  !  !  !  :II
 7      -------------!--!--!--!--!-II---!--!-O----II------
    6             4  !  !  !  !  ! II   ! O       II
 3      -------------!--!-O---!--!-II--O----------II------
    2                ! O     O   !
 0         ----    -O-         -O-

                    0  2  3  2  0      3  6  7

          ஢  ࠭⥫   ࠢ쭮
७. ⨬, -  ਯ筮    ⮫쪮
   ⢥⮩  ⮩ ﬨ ,     ⮭
 16  15,    , 室  ࢮ ,     
⮭  4  3.   । 祭   ⮭  
  ⭮ .
        ᫨      ,  訬 ᯮ-
ᮡ  ⠭ ६    KEY+ ( + )
।  祭  ⮭,  ⮬  ப 㪠
 ணࠬ ਬ ᫥騩 :

                20 BEEP 1,KEY+0:BEEP 1,KEY+2:BEEP .5,KEY+3:BEEP .5,
                   KEY+2:BEEP 1,KEY+0

        । ॠ樥 ண  ணࠬ   ᢮-
  (KEY) ᮮ⢥騥 祭 -0  -, 2   -
 (), 12  -  ⠢   ..    
. 設  㣨 堭 ன,  ஬  (KEY)  -
㫨 ஡묨 祭ﬨ.
        ஬ ⮣,   ⥫쭮 砭  .
  뢮 ।⠢  쬠  , -
  ⥫쭮 ⢥⮩ , ࠢ ᥪ㭤,쬮 -
 ᢮  ᥪ㭤  ..

                                -82-

          砥  ⠭ ६ CROTCHET
(⢥⭮ )  䨪樨 ⥫쭮 ⢥⭮    㪠-
 ⥫쭮⥩  ᨬ   ⥫쭮  ⮩  ⢥⭮
. ப 20   ஢  ਭ ᫥-
騩 :
        20 BEEP CROTCHET, KEY+0: BEEP CROTCHET, KEY+2:
           BEEP CROTCHET(2,KEY+3: BEEP CROTCHET)2,KEY+2:
           BEEP CROTCHET,KEY+0

(⭮, ।  ନ CROTCHET  KEY  ⪨
).
         CROTCHET ᮮ⢥騥 祭  ᬮ  -
 ᪮ ।⠢  .
        ,  -  ⮫쪮  ஬⥫  
. 設,   ६ ॠ ⮫쪮  ,-
⮬  ࠭祭 ମ᪨ ﬨ.᫨   -
襣,   .
        ⠩ ணࠬ஠ ᮡ⢥  , 稭 
,ਬ  "  襭".᫨     -
⥯,  - ᠭ   모,  ᥡ  -
- ⮩ 몠 㬥 (ᢨ  䮭)
 ॠ    .
          ᮧ ࠬ,뢠 祭  -
   ,    쭠 襬 㬥.
       ⠩
                   FOR N=0 TO 1000: BEEP .5,N: NEXT N

 ⮬  ந뢠   ⮫쪮  ᮪,  ᪮쪮 
,  ⥬ ந ⠭ . 設    ᮮ饭 
訡 "" 楫 諮  .  ᯥ N  ⮣
⮡ ।, ᪮쪮 ᮪ 砫 䠪᪨ ᫥ 
। ⠭ .設.
        ⠩ ⮦ ᠬ,   த  ஭  .
      饫,䠪᪨  -
筮 ᮪  ந   ,  ந室 -
॥, ⮬    ࠧ  㪨.
        쪮 ।   ॠ쭮 ᯮᮡ  -
 襩 모,⠪     ᫨誮 ਯ, -
   쬠 ⮭, 뢠  .  ।⠢-
  ப:

        10 BEEP .5,0: BEEP .5,4: BEEP .5,5: BEEP .5,7:
           BEEP .5,9: BEEP .5,11: BEEP .5,12: STOP

         ⮬ 㤥  ந뢠    -  -
짮 ⮫쪮   ⥯ﭮ  । "" 
᫥饣 "" .    筮 ⠪ ,   -
ﭮ,  뢠 ⭮ ஥ ,⠪  ࢠ -
 ⮭  ⮭   ᥩ . , ਯ 㤥
ᯮ   ᪮쪮  㣮, ࠨ     ⠪,
⮡ ᤥ 砭    .     -
।⢮  ६饭 楢     㭥 ⥬
ᯮᮡ,   ॠ .
        ⢥ ,  ந ਯ,㤥 -
 ਬ୮ ⠪:

        20 BEEP .5,0: BEEP .5,2.039: BEEP .5,3.86: BEEP .5,4.98:
           BEEP .5,7.02: BEEP .5,8.84: BEEP .5,10.88: BEEP .5,12:
           STOP

                                -83-

             । - ࠧ  
 ⨬ 砭ﬨ, ⠪    筮 ⮭ -
宬, ⮡  ࠧ ।. ࢠ ࠧ ⮨  ⮬, 
   ⢥  ᪮쪮  . ᫨    ⨭
ᨮ,   ணࠬ஢    ⮣,-
 ᯮ짮 ⢥   ⭮  ஥. -
⪮ ⢥   ,     ४᭮   
 ,   㣨    ⥫쭮 㦥, ⠪  
   ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ⢥        
㣨  ᮢ襭  . ⭮ ஥  -
 ᪮쪮 㦥 ⢥,  २⢮  ⮬,    
  ࠡ⠥ ਬ୮ .
      㬥,    ஡ . 設, ⠪   -
 ᯮ짮 ⠪  㬥,   ᯮ짮  ६
.
         몠 ந, ᮡ  ᪮ -
몥, ᯮ ࢠ  ⮭,   ⮭.-
   ணࠬ஢    ।  BEEP  
类 㤠, ਬ,   ⢥ ⮭  ।  -
 祭  ⮭, ࠢ 5.
        ।⢮ ᫥饩    ⢨ 
室  뢨.

                POKE 23609,256

        ஥ ᫮  ⮬ ࠦ । ⥫쭮 -
 ( ⠩ 㣨 祭  0  255 ).   ⥫쭮
ࠢ 0, ⠭ 祭 ⪨    ⪨ 饫祪.
        ᫨     ⥬ 襥 砭, 
訢 㪮,  ॠ । BEEP    㣮
७ ஬⥫,   ᯮ짮  ᨣ,-
   䮭 (MIC)  譨 (EAR)  ࠧ".
 ᨣ   ᪫祭 ⮣,  ᨣ  ࠧ" EAR
  ஢.  ᨣ  ᯮ짮, ᮥ   襩
⥬ 譨   譨.  ᮥ   
ࠡ ७ ஬⥫. ᫨   ந 㬮-
 䥪,   ᮥ 室 ᨣ ⥬  ᨫ-
, 室 ᨣ 䮭  ࠧ  室 ஢ ⮣
ᨣ. ஬ ⮣,   室   
  ⥬ 㤥 ந ᠭ .
         ᯮ  ⪮ 몠 ᨣ  ࠧ"  MIC
 EAR  ᪥ 襣 室 ᨣ, ᫨     
ᯮ짮.

        ࠦ
        1. ९ ணࠬ 모  ⠪, ⮡  ᯮ-
 横 FOR  ७ ⠪⮢.
        ணࠬ . 設 ⠪, ⮡    ந
 ⮫쪮 ஭ ,    ᨬ䮭 .

                                -84-

                                20
                               --------

                  

                ⪮ ᮤঠ
                LOAD, SAVE, VERIFY, MERGE

                ᠭ

         㯨⥫쭮 ⮬ ।⠢ ᭮ ᯮᮡ  ᯮ-
 ⭮ 䮭  ணࠬ SAVE, LOAD, VERIFY.०-
 祬   쭥訬 ਠ, 室  -
 ࠧ   ।⠢ 楤.
         㦥 ,   LOAD    -
ࠬ  ६  . 設,  ⥬  ⭮   -
  ணࠬ  ६.    㣮  ।,
뢠 MERGE ('), ஥ ࠥ   ப  -
ࠬ   ६, ᫨  , ..   㦥
 ணࠬ ப ६  ⥬  ᠬ ஬ ப
  ᮮ⢥⢥. ⠩  ணࠬ "  "  
 2        "DICE" (   ).
   ॠ ண ᫥饣

                1 PRINT 1
                2 PRINT 2
               10 PRINT 10
               20 LET X=20

 ⥬ த   䨪樨      VERIFY
"DICE"  MERGE "DICE"
       ᫨    ணࠬ,  㢨, ப 1  2
த ⢮,  ப 10  20 㦥   ப  
ணࠬ "DICE"( X ⠪ ࠭,   㢨    
। PRINT X).
         ।⠢       ।,-
  .
     SAVE 뢠 ணࠬ  ६   ᮮ⢥⢨   -
ࠬ  ६묨, 室騬  . 設.
     LOAD 頥 .設    ணࠬ  ६  -
  묨 ணࠬ  ६묨, ⠭묨   .
     MERGE 筮 LOAD  ᪫祭 ⮣, । MERGE
 頥  ணࠬ  ப      ६, ᫨
⮫쪮  ,⮬   MERGE  ⮫쪮  -
 ணࠬ   ६, 諨    
ப ணࠬ   ६.
          㪠  祢 ᫮ ᫥ ப: 
祢 ᫮ SAVE ⠪ ப ।  ணࠬ  ,
  ६   ⠫   祢 ᫮  ப ᮮ頥
. 設 ,   ணࠬ  ᫥  ᪠.    ६  ⮣
᪠ .設 ᯥ뢠   ணࠬ,  -
᫥.    ⪫  ⮣  -
.
        祢 ᫮ VERIFY,LOAD  MERGE  ࠧ 
ப    ᪥: ⮣ .設  㤥  
   뤠  祭 ணࠬ.
        ਠ  祢 ᫮ SAVE ਭ ᫥ 

                SAVE ப LINE ᫮

                                -85-

        ᯮ짮 ⮣ । ࠭塞 ணࠬ -
뢠 ᯮᮡ  ⮬, ஬ ⢫  ⥭
।⢮  LOAD (  MERGE) .. ணࠬ ⮬-
 室  ப   ஬, ॠ ண ᠬ ᥡ.
        , ⢥  ଠ樨, ࠭塞  -
,뫠 ଠ  ணࠬ   ६. ஬ ⮩ -
樨,  㣠 ଠ,뢠 ᨢ  ⠬.
       㪠,  ᨢ 뢠 ᪮쪮 .
       ࠭   ᨢ ᯮ । SAVE
 ஬ DATA.

                SAVE ப DATA  ᨢ / /

        ப 㪠뢠  ⮩ ଠ樨,  㤥  ᠭ
    㤥    筮 ⠪    ᯮ-
,  ॠ  ࠭ ணࠬ   -
⮢.
         ᨢ 㪠뢠 ᨢ,     -
  , ⮬ ⨬    㪢  㪢  -
騬  $.   ᪮ ᫥ ,  室
 饭 㭪樮஢ . 設,   㬠, 
 ᪮ ᪨    室묨.
        ᬮਬ ஫  ப  ᨢ. ਬ,

                SAVE "BLOGGS" DATA (  )

 ᨢ B  . 設  뢠       
"BLOGGS". ᫨  ⠥

                VERIFY "BLOGGS" DATA B(  )

 . 設 㤥 ᪠ ᫮ ᨢ,   
 "BLOGGS" (   ,    "᫮  ᨢ
BLOGGS")  ᮯ⠢   ᨢ  . 設.

                LOAD "BLOGGS" DATA B(  )

  ᨢ  , ⥬,᫨    . 設 -
 -  ,   㦥 騩 ᨢ,-
뢠 B,  㧨  ᨢ  ,   B.
         ࠭ ᨢ     ᯮ짮  祢
᫮ MERGE.
         (ப) ᨢ  ࠭  筮  ⠪  
ᯮᮡ.  . 設  ॡ㥬     室
  , 뢠 "ᨬ ᨢ"  ᫥騬 .
 㧪 ᨬ쭮 ᨢ . 設   ⮫쪮  
࠭  ᨬ ᨢ,    ப,᫨  ᮢ-
  ᨢ  ப.
         ᯮ  ࠭ ⥩ ଠ樨  -
 뫮  ,  祣 ᯮ  ଠ.   ⭮-
 ⥫ ⨭, ।塞 짮⥫ ᪨
  -,     ᥡ. ।⠢ -
짮 ᫮ CODE  ⮣ 

                SAVE "PICTURE" CODE 16384,6912

        楩 ࠭    (᫮, 饥 -
 0  255),  ⮬      ᢮   (
  ஬  0  65535).ࢮ ᫮ ᫥ ᫮ CODE -
  ᮬ ࢮ ,    ,  -
஥ ᫮ । ᫮   ⮢.      砥,

                                -86-

16384  ᮬ ࢮ   ந 䠩(
ᮤন ⥫ ⨭),  6912   ᫮  ⮢  
, ⮬   ⥫  ⨭ -⠩   .
   ,   "PICTIRE" ࠡ⠥  筮  
 ணࠬ.
         ⭮ 㧪 ⥫ ⨭ 室  -
짮
                LOAD "PICTIRE" CODE

        ᫥ ᫮ CODE   ⠭ ᫠  ᫥饩 -

                LOAD  CODE 砫, 

           ன ࠭.  . 設 -
 㪠    ( ࠢ ),  ⪠ 
 㧪, ᫨  , 祬 㪠 ᫥ ᫮ CODE ,
.. ᭮,   , 祬  . 㣨 ᫮, .
設  १ -,    ᮡࠥ  १-
,    ᮮ饭  訡  P TAPE LOADING ERROR ( 訡 -
㧪 ).   㪠  ।   -
   ⮣ . 設 ⠥   , ᪮쪮   
 뫮.
        砫 । ,  ஬     -
  㦥 ⭮, 祬    ⫨  -
 ,  ஬  ࠭.  ⮬ 砥,  ᫨    
,    ᫮ 砫  । LOAD.
      । CODE 16384,6912  祭   ࠭-
  㧪  ⨭ ,  ⮬      ॠ  
⮣ ।   SCREEN$ ,     ਬ

        SAVE "PICTURE" SCREEN$
        LOAD "PICTURE" SCREEN$

          । 砩,   ண   VERIFY  -
⠥.  ⮬  믨뢠 ,   室 
 ⠪, ⮡ ਮ᪨  砫  横  ஢ન   
ந 䠩,  ⠪  䠩  㦥 ,  ஢ઠ  
ࠡ⠥.   ⠫  室 ᯮ짮 
VERIFY, ᥣ,  ᯮ  SAVE.
         ।⠢   ᢮   ᯮ짮 -
 ।, ᠭ   .
         ப  ࠦ ⠭   뫮  -
ଠ,  ᠭ   ⨬   .   ⮨
  ᨬ ਪ᪮ ⠭  ASCII, 祬 ਭ-
   ⮫쪮 10  ᨬ.
           ࠭    ଠ樨:  ணࠬ
 ६ //, ᫮  ᨢ, ᨬ ᨢ  -
 .   ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠬ  ⢫  
/ VERIFY, LOAD  MERGE/  ଠ樨    
,  ⨬ ࠬ  ࠭  ᯥ뢠      ᥩ
⮩ ଠ樨,     ⨬ ࠬ.   ଠ樨
।⠢  ᫥騬  ࠧ: "PROGRAM:" /ணࠬ/ , "NUMBER
ARRAY:" /᫮ ᨢ/, "CHARACTER ARRAY:" / ᨬ   ᨢ/
 "BYTE:" //. ᫨  ⢥  뫠     ப, 
 ⨬ ࠬ       ଠ樨  㦭 ,
ᨬ   .

         SAVE.

        ⮬     뢠 ଠ  -
 .     ᮤন 11   ᨬ
 訡 F.

                                -87-

          SAVE ᥣ 뤠 ᮮ饭 START TAPE, THEN
PRESS ANY KEY / 砫 ,   /, ⥬ -
    । .
        1. ணࠬ  ६:

        SAVE  LINE  ப

뢠 ணࠬ  ६ ⠪,  ᫥ ⮣  ⮬-
 ᫥  LOAD 

        GO TO  ப

        2. :

        SAVE  CODE 砫, 

뢠 ଠ   ᮮ⢥饩   , -
塞 祭 砫.

        SAVE  SCREEN$
⭮

        SAVE  CODE 16384, 6912

 ࠭ ⥫ ⨭.
        3. ᨢ:

        SAVE  DATA 㪢 ()

        SAVE  DATA 㪢 $ ()

뢠  ࠭ ᨢ,   । 㪢  㪢 $
/     ⭮襭  /.
         VERIFY
         ⮬  ⢫ ஢ઠ ଠ樨, -
ᠭ  ,  ᮮ⢥⢨ ଠ樨, 㦥 室饩    -
. 㤠筮 ஢થ 뤠 ᮮ饭  訡 R TAPE  LO-
ADING ERROR /訡  㧪  /.
        1. ணࠬ  ६:

        VERIFY 

        2. :

        VERIFY  CODE 砫, 

        ᫨  ⮢   , 祬   ᫥,   -
 訡 R. ᫨ ⮣ ,   ஢   ᮮ⢥-
  ⠬  , 稭  ,।塞 祭 -
砫.
        VERIFY  CODE 砫

ᢥ        ᮮ⢥騬  ⠬  
, 稭  ⮣  ,  ஬  ᠭ   
 .

        VERIFY  SCREEN$
⭮
        VERIFY  CODE 16384,6912

  猪  㤥 ࠢ쭮 ஢મ.


                                -88-

        3. ᨢ:

        VERIFY  DATA 㪢 ()

        VERIFY  DATA 㪢 $ ()

ᢥ  ᨢ     㪢  㪢 $ ᨢ,ᠭ-
  .

         LOAD

         ⮬   ந 㧪    ଠ樨
   ࠭ ன ଠ樨  .
        1. ணࠬ  ६:

        LOAD 

ࠥ  ணࠬ   ६      ணࠬ-
  ६. ᫨ ணࠬ  뫠 ᠭ   ।
SAVE  LINE,   ᯮ짮   LOAD ந室 -
᪨ 室.
       ᫨   ணࠬ   ६  । -
    ࠡ뢠  ᮮ饭  訡  4  OUT OF MEMORY
/室  । /.   ⮬ 砥  ணࠬ   -
  .
        2. :

        LOAD  CODE 砫, 

        ᫨  ⮢, 뢠  ,  , ᠭ
  㪠   ।,  뤠  訡 R. ᫨ ⮣
,  ந室  㧪  ⮢  , 稭  ,
।塞 ᫮  砫,  ⮬ ,  뫮 ᠭ  ࠭
१뢠.

        LOAD  CODE 砫

㦠  ⮢     , 稭  , ।-
 ᫮ 砫,  १뢠 ,  뫮 ᠭ ࠭.

        LOAD  CODE

㦠   ⮢    , 稭  ,  -
  ᠭ       १뢠 , 
뫨   ࠭.
        3. ᨢ:

        LOAD  DATA 㪢 ()

        LOAD  DATA 㪢 $ ()

ࠥ  ᨢ, 㦥   㪢  㪢 $ /ᮮ⢥-
/    ନ   ᨢ   ᨢ, ᠭ  
/⭮/.
        ᫨    ᨢ  । " , 
뤠  ᮮ饭  訡 4 OUT OF MEMORY /室  । -
/.  ⮬  ᨢ  ࠥ.

         MERGE

                                -89-

 ⮬   ந室 㧪  ଠ樨  ⭮
  ࠭ ன ଠ樨  .
        1. ணࠬ  ६:

        MERGE 

"   ணࠬ  , 㦥 室饩   ணࠬ-
,  १뢠   ணࠬ ப  ६   ன
ணࠬ, ᫨    ᮮ⢥  ணࠬ  ப   
६   ணࠬ.
        ᫨        筮    ன ணࠬ 
 ६  ⮬   ணࠬ   ६, -
 㦠  ,   ࠡ뢠 ᮮ饭  訡 4 OUT
OF MEMORY /室  । /.
        2. :
         ⮢    ᯮ.
        3. ᨢ:
         ᨢ    ᯮ.

        ࠦ
        1.   ⭮   ணࠬ,  
 㧪 㤥 ᯥ뢠  /ᯨ᮪ ⠫  ணࠬ  
⮩  /,  ॠ   롮 - ணࠬ, 
⥬ 㧨 訢 ணࠬ.
         ᪮ ࠦ 嬠 䨣 / 14/,
 ⥬   NEW,  ⮬ 嬠 䨣  -
.     ࠭  몫祭  ᫨⥫쭮
設, ⮬, ᫨   ࠭  嬠  䨣    
몫祭 ᫨⥫쭮 設,    室    
, ᯮ  SAVE   ஬  CODE.  ⮩
ᯮᮡ ⮨  ࠭  ᪨ ।  짮-
⥫ ᨬ / ᥣ 21/ ।⢮

        SAVE "CHESS" CODE USR "A",21'8

 ᫥騬

        VERIFY "CHESS" CODE

          ࠡ⠥ ⥬ ࠭  ⮢,   뫠 -
짮  ࠭ ⨭.  ࢮ  ࠭塞  
। ࠦ  USR "A",   ।    ࢮ 
쬨 ⮢,   ।  蠡  ࢮ   ।塞
짮⥫ ᪨ ᨬ,  ᫮ ࠭塞 ⮢ ࠢ
21'8, ..  ᥬ ⮢    21 ᪮ ᨬ.
         ⭮ 㧪 筮 ᯮ ᫥饥  ।-

        LOAD "CHESS" CODE

          , ᫨  ந  㧪  -
 ZX SPECTRUM  㣨 祭ﬨ    ᫨   -
। 짮⥫ ᪨ ᨬ /⠢   -
 ᠬ,  ᫥  㬠, ᯮ  ᮢ襭-
 ᯮᮡ/,   १砩 ⥫  ᯮ

        LOAD "CHESS" CODE "A"

         USR ᪠ ⠪ ,    ஬ -
᪨ ᨬ   㦥 ⭮  㣮 .

                                -90-

                               21
                              --------

        饥 ன⢮ ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM

        ⪮ ᮤঠ
        LPRINT, LLIST, COPY

                ᠭ

        砭:     ।   ⠭-
  몥 BASIC,    㣨 .設  ᯮ-
 । LPRINT.
       ᫨    饥 ன⢮ ZX, 室 
 ࠡ稥 樨   㭪樮஢.   
뢠 । 몠 BASIC,室  ࠡ  -
騬 ன⢮.
           LPRINT    LLIST   ࠬ
PRINT  LIST  ᪫祭 ⮣,  ᯮ  ⥫-
 饥 ன⢮. ( ᨬ  L  ந諮 ᫥騬
ࠧ.   BASIC  ࠧࠡ⠭,  ᯮ짮 ஭
 設  ⥫,⮬  PRINT ⢨⥫-
 砫 ⠭. ᫨  ⥫ 뢥 讥  ⢮ -
ଠ樨, 室 ᯮ짮 த饥 筮 -
饥 ன⢮, ᮥ  .設,  ।

                        LPRINT

 ࠧ  砫 ⠭  筮 饬 ன⢥.)
         ਬ ⠩ ᫥ ணࠬ:

                10 LPRINT "THIS PROGRAM".'
                20 LLIST
                30 LPRINT '"PRINTS OUT THE CHARACTER SET"'
                40 FOR N=32 TO 255
                50 LPRINT CHR$ N;
                60 NEXT N

 쥬 । ( COPY ) ⢫ ᯥ⪠  -
ন ⥫ ࠭. ਬ ⠩   LIST
 祭  ࠭ ⨭ ।⠢  ணࠬ, -
TEM ⠩:
                        COPY

        ⨬,   COPY  ࠡ⠥  ⨭, 
.設 뤠 ⮬᪨, ⮬    ⨭  
直 ࠧ,  믮  . 裡  ⨬, 
 ᭠砫 ᯮ짮  LLIST,  ਬ 

                        LLIST

    COPY.
        ।⢮    BREAK ( CAPS SHIFT  SPACE ) 
ᥣ  ⠭ ࠡ 饣 ன⢠.
        ᫨  ⠥ 믮 㪠 ।  ᮥ-
 饬 ன⢥,  ਢ   ᥩ 뢮-
 ଠ樨  室  믮 ᫥饣 ।.
        ⠩ ᫥饥:

                10 FOR N=31 TO 0 STEP-1
                20 PRINT AT 31-N,N; CHR$(CODE "0"+N);
                30 NEXT N

                                -91-


        ⮬  㢨  ᨬ, 뢠  
 ࠢ 孥 㣫   ⨦   ࠭,-
 祣 ணࠬ 訢   室 ६饭.
          ࠦ AT 31-N,N  ப 20  ࠦ
TAB N. ணࠬ 㤥 㭪樮஢ 筮 ⠪,   ࠭.
           PRINT  ப 20  

                        LPRINT

 ⮬ 砥  ६饭  㤥('᭨ 祬),⠪ 
ந ࠡ  騬 ன⢮,   ᨬ-㪢
 F  O - 㤥 אַ ७ᥭ  .
         ࠦ TAB N  AT 31-N,N  ⠢ -
 LPRINT.   ࠧ   ⮫쪮  ப ᨬ. -
稭 ⮣ ⫨ ⮨  ⮬,     ᯮ짮  
LPRINT 室 ଠ ⠥   ࠧ,  ⠭ 
    ப, 祬  ⮣  .設 -
 뫠  饥 ன⢮  ଠ   ६
ᥠ ࠡ  ⨬ ன⢮.   :
        (1)   ,
        (2) ᫥ । LPRINT,஥  稢 ⮩
             窮  ⮩,
        (3)  ,    TAB ॡ
             ப 
        (4)   ணࠬ,᫨ - ⠫  ⠭-
            .
㭪 (3) ',祬  TAB ࠡ⠥ ⠪, 㪠 -
,  . 裡  ⥬,  ࠦ AT  ப  
 祭     LPRINT (  樨 
PRINT,  饣 ன⢠,    ⥫) 
 , AT    ॠ 뫪 ப 
饥 ன⢮.

        ࠦ
        1.  ⠭ 䨪 㭪樨 SIN ।⢮ ॠ-
樨 ண  ணࠬ, ।⠢   17,   쭥訬
ᯮ짮  COPY.

                                -92-

                                22
                               --------

                ⥫쭮 㤮

       ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM ᪠ ᮥ ࠧ筮 -
⥫쭮 㤮.
         ⠪ ⥫쭮 㤮 ⭮  -
᪮ ZX,   த騬 ன⢮ ᮢ
,     ࠡ, 祬  䮭. ன-
⢮  㭪樮஢   ࠬ PRINT, LIST,INPUT  IN-
KEY$, ⠪   ࠬ SAVE, VERIFI, LOAD  MERGE.
        ᮥ ᪮쪨 ⥬ ᯮ ,⮬
 ⥬  ⢮   㣮.  ⠪ -
짮  㦨 ਬ  த᪮   -
쪨 .設, '  .
        䥩 RS232 ⢫ ⠭⭮ ᮥ, ஥
ॠ  ⥬ SPECTRUM  ࠬ, 騬 ன-
⢠, .設  㣨 㤮,  ᫨  뫨 ࠧ-
ࠡ⠭   ⥬ SPECTRUM.
         ⮬ ਤ ᯮ짮  ⥫ -
祢 ᫮,    ,    ᯮ  
⥫ ᮥ.  ⨬ 祢 ᫮ ⭮:

        PRINT#, CLOSE#, MOVE, ERASE, CAT  FORMAT.

                                -93-

                                23
                               --------

                 IN  OUT

        ⪮ ᮤঠ:
        OUT
        IN

                ᠭ

          뢠 ᮤন   뢠 (
稨  ࠩ    ந쭮 롮મ) ଠ 
 ।⢮ ᯮ짮 ஢ PEEK  POKE.  -
  ⠪, ᮢ襭  ,   ﭭ
,  ந쭮 롮મ    -
.    ⮫쪮 ,   65536 ᮢ -
      - ,ᯮ  -
   ᮢ ( ᫨ ⠬ ᠭ 祯),   -
-    ( ᫨  ଠ 㤥 -
ﭠ). 㣨 ᫮,  65536 ⮢,   뢠
⠬ I/O (⠬ /뢮),  ᯮ ஬
 㭨権  ⠪ ,    饥 -
ன⢮.    ࠢ  몥  BASIC  ।⢮ -
짮 㭪樨 IN  । OUT.
        㭪 IN    PEEK.

                IN 

         㭪   㬥- ,  १⮬
 , ⠭  ⮣ .
        । OUT    POKE.

                OUT , 祭

뢠  祭     ᮬ.  ⮣   -
 ,    㭪樮஢ .設,
 砥 ⠪,  ࠧ ᮢ    ⮦
         ࠡ  ⥬ SPECTRUM ᠬ  ⮨   ⮬,
⮡ ࠧ,  뢠  筮 ଥ,⠪  -
   ⥭ ࠡ ᨬ.  16  ⮢,
  㤥  ஢ (ᯮ 㪢 A,  砫
㪢 ᫮ ) TK:

                A15,A14,A13,A12,...,A2,A1,A0

 A0  ⮬ , A1  ⮬ , A2 
⮬ ⢥ப  .. 묨   A0,A1,A2,A3, A4
筮  室  ,, ᫨ -   ⮢
室  㫥, .設  믮 - ᯥ樠
楤.  裡  ⥬,  .設   ६ -
   祬  樥, ﭨ 0  室 
     㪠 .  A6  A7 ,
⮬, ᫨   ࠧࠥ  ஭,  ᯮ-
    ᮡ⢥ 楫.  ᥣ  ᯮ짮 -
, । ᫠   訬 ᥫ, 
32,⮬   ⮬  A0,...,A4 ।⠢ ᮡ  .
 A8,A9  .. ᯮ  ⮣,⮡  ⥫-
 ଠ.

                                -94-

        뢠  뢠  ᮤঠ 8 ⮢,  祬
뫪      D7,D6,D5,...,D2,D1,D0 (㪢 D -
 ࢮ 㪢 ᫮ ).  ᯨ᮪ ⮢ ।⠢ -
 ᯨ᮪ ᯮ㥬 ᮢ ⮢.
         ᮢ,  ⠥   ᨣ-
 ࠧ' 譨 (EAR).    8 冷  
  .

        I 65278 뢠  鸞  CAPS SHIFT  V
        I 65022 뢠  鸞  A  G
        I 64510 뢠  鸞  Q  T
        I 62486 뢠  鸞  1  5
        I 61438 뢠  鸞  0  6
        I 53342 뢠  鸞  P  7
        I 49150 뢠  鸞  ENTER  H
        I 32766 뢠  鸞  SPACE  B

(  । ⠪:  234+256*(255-2!N), ⠪  
 0  7.)
         ⠥    D0-D4       
 鸞 -D0-  譥 ,D4 -  , ᠬ -
  ।. 祭  ࠢ 0, ᫨   ,  ࠢ
, ⨢ 砥. D6 ᮮ⢥ 祭  ࠧ' -
譨 (EAR).
       254 (뢮)ࠢ ஬⥫ (D4)  ࠧ'-
 䮭 (MIC)(D3), A ⠪ ⠭ ࠭ 梥 (D2,
D1,D0).
          251 ॠ ண 饣 ன⢠  
 ⥭, ⠪   :  ⥭ , ⮢  -
饥 ன⢮  襩 ࠡ,    뤠 窨
 .
          ⮢ 254,247  239 ᯮ  ⥫
ன   ਫ   22.
         ண ।⠢  ணࠬ:

                10 FOR N=0 TO 7: REM   鸞
                20 LET A=254+256*(255-2!N)
                30 PRINT AT 0,0; IN A: GO TO 30

  ࠧ . ᫨     
  BREAK,  ⥬ ⥩:

                NEXT N

        ࠢ   ᮢ ᯮ   -
 ⥬, ⮬     ⥬ SPECTRUM   ,
    ⥬  Z80.     ன  ⥬
SPECTRUM    襥.

                                -95-

                                24
                               --------

                饥 ன⢮

                ⪮ ᮤঠ
                CLIER

                ᠭ

        ,    . 設 ।⠢  ,
..᫠  0  255.  㬠,     業 
   襣 ⠢騪  㤮७  ..,    ⠪,
⮬   ।⠢  ८ࠧ   ⮢,  -
묨 ⮫쪮   ࠡ .設.
         , ஬    ,   㭨-
 ,  ᫮    0  FFFF (-
⮬       ).     
ᥡ ।⠢  冷 ஭㬥஢ 窮,  -
  ᮤঠ .  ,   窨  . 
⠭⭮ 16-⭮ 設    ந쭮  롮મ
窨  ࠬ  8000  FFFF(⭠ ᫠) 
 ﭭ묨.窨  ࠬ  4000  7FFF  窠-
   ந쭮 롮મ,    뢠 -
   ᮤন  窠.窨  ࠬ  0  3FFF
 窠 ﭭ ,  ஧ 誨,
    .  ⮫쪮   ,    -
 ⠭  ६ ⮢ .設.

         ROM                   RAM                 NOT USED
 ________/\_________  __________/\__________  _________/\_________
/___________________\/______________________\/____________________\_
!                    !                       !                     !
!                    !                       !                     !
!         0          !     4000-16384        !  8000H-32768        !
!                    !                       !                     !
!                    !                       !       FFFFH-65635   !
!                    !                       !                     !
!____________________!_______________________!_____________________!

        ROM      -  ﭭ 
        RAM      -    ந쭮 롮મ
        NOT USED -   ᯮ

      ⮣, ⮡ ஢ ᮤন ⮣  㣮 窠 
ᯮ㥬 㭪 PEEK, 㬥⮬ ன ᫥ ⠭ 
஢塞 窠.⮬ ਬ ⮩ 㭪樨  ᮤ-
 ⮣ 窠. ਬ, ।⠢  ணࠬ ᯥ-
뢠  21-   ﭭ  (  ᠬ):

                10 PRINT "ADDRESS"; TAB 8; "BYTE"
                20 FOR A=0 TO 20
                30 PRINT A; TAB 8; PEEK A
                40 NEXT A

        ,     ᮢ襭 ᫥  ,
 稯   ""   ,  "" ,
  .
       ⮣,⮡  ᮤন ⮣   窠(T-
,᫨  祪  祩   ந쭮 롮મ)
室 ᯮ짮 । POKE  ᫥饬 :

                                -96-

                POKE ,  ᮤন

 ""  " ᮤন" ⠭  ஢ ࠦ.
ਬ, ᫨  ᪠

                POKE 31000,57

   ᮬ 31000   祭-57.  ⠩:

                PRINT PEEK 31000

 ⥫⢠ ᪠. (⠩  㣨 -
  㢨,   ந室  ⠪,  .)  -
祭  室    -235  +235, ᫨ ᫮ -
⥫쭮,     256.
        ᮡ    祭    .-
設, ᫨     '  ࠧ    
ࠧ⥫ ᨫ. 祭  ⠢ ࠢ  祭 
ࠢ ᠬ, ਢ   ஬ ⢠ ண-
ࠬ   室 ᠬ   . ,  ᬮ-
 ᤥ  . 設  ﭭ ०.
          ᬮਬ  ஡  ᯮ짮 -
  ந쭮 롮મ         ࠧ,
᫨ ⮫쪮  ᭮.
         ࠧ  ࠧ  (ࠬ ।⠢-
 )   ࠧ  ଠ樨.   -
筮  ⮫쪮  ⮩ ଠ樨,   䠪᪨ -
ঠ,, ᫨  ⠢ ⥫ ଠ   -
 (ਬ,  ணࠬ ப  ६),  -
室  ⮣  ࠭⢮  ࠧ  ।⢮  ᬥ饭
 ᥣ,  뫮  ⮩ 窮.  , ᫨   ࠥ
ଠ,   ᬥ頥 .

        ____________________________________________________
       !           !             !            !             !
       !     1     !      2      !      3     !      4      !
       !___________!_____________!____________!_____________!
       !           !             !            !             !
       !           !             !            !             !
     16364       22526         73296



                                -97-

        1   -   ந 䠩;
        2   -   ਡ
        3   -    饣 ன⢠;
        4   -   ⥬ ६;
        5   -   ⮡ࠦ த᪮;
        6   -   쭠 ଠ;
        7   -   ணࠬ 몠 BASIC;
        8   -   ६;
        9   -   ⭠筮 ᫮;
       10   -     ணࠬ ப  ।஢;
       11   -   ;
       12   -   ணࠬ;
       13   -   ப;
       14   -   ࠡ ;
       15   -   室 ;
       16   -   ६ ࠡ ;
       17   -    ⥪;
       18   -   ⥪ ᫨⥫;
       19   -    ⥪;
       20   -   १;
       21   -   設 ⥪;
       22   -   ⥪ ணࠬ;
       23   -    ࠭   ந쭮 롮મ;
       24   -   ।塞 짮⥫ ᪨ ᨬ;

     ந 䠩 ࠭ ⥫ ⨭. -
 , ⮬ , ᪮॥ ᥣ,    ⮬  砥 -
짮  PEEK  POKE. ᨬ쭠   -
࠭   8*8 祪   窠      㫥
(㬠 梥), 楩 (୨ 梥), ⮬, ᯮ
 ,  ࠭ 蠡   쬨 ⮢  -
   鸞.   8 ⮢  ࠭ .
        ⢥騥   , 騥   32  ᨬ    
ப ࠭ , ⮬  ஭     ⥫
㡪 ᪠ 筮  32  , 稭      ஭
࠭  稢 ࠢ  ஭.   裡  ⥬ ,  
⨭  ᮤন  24  ப      室 8 ᪠-
஢,  뫮   㬬 172 १ ᪠஢,
   㣨,    ⠪. 砫 ந
孥 ᪠஢  ப  0  7, ⥬  ॠ  ᫥饥
᪠஢ ப  0  7  ..     ᪠஢  ப
 0  7. ⮬ ॠ   ᠬ  ப 8 - 15, ⥬  
 ᠬ  ப 16 - 23. ᫨  ᯮ . 設, 
㭪樮  ࠬ PEEK  POKE   ࠭,     뫨
  ஢ SCREEN$  PRINT   PLOT,  POINT.
        ਡ  梥⠬  ..   ᨬ쭮 -
樨, ᯮ饩 ଠ ATTR. ⮬ ଠ 뢠 -
  ப  ⮬ 浪, ண   ࠭.
        ⬥,   饣 ன⢠ ࠭ -
ଠ, ।祭  饣 ன⢠.
       ⥬ ६ ᮤঠ ࠧ  ଠ樨, -
   ᫨⥫쭮 設   ﭨ,  -
஬ 室 . 設. ⥬ ६   뢠-
  ᫥饩 ,   ⨬,    ᪮쪮
⠪ ६ (뢠 CHANS, PROG, VARS, E_LINE  .. ), -
 ᮤঠ  ࠭  ࠧ묨     . 
६   ६묨 몠 "BASIC",⮬   
ᯮ . 設.
       ⮡ࠦ த᪮ ᯮ ⮫쪮  த᪮-
. 筮 ⠬ 祣 .

                                -98-

       쭠 ଠ ।⠢ ᮡ ଠ  ன-
⢠   뢮,    (   -
),  孥  ࠭   饬 ன⢥.
         ப ணࠬ 몠 "BASIC"  ᫥ :

        MORE SIGNIFICANT BYTE (1)
          !        LESS SIGNIFICANT BUTE (2)
          !         !
         \ /       \ /
     .----!----.----!----.----------.   ----------.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.
     !         !         !          >   >         ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
     ! 2 BUTES ! 2 BUTES !          <   <         !0!0!0!0!1!1!0!1!
     !    !    !    !    !          >   >         ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
     :____:____:____:____:__________<   <_________:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:
     ______________________________________________________________
    LINE NUMBER  LENGTH OF         TEXT (6)             ENTER
        (4)      TEXT+ENTER (5)

        1 - 訩 ; 2 - 訩 ; 3 - ;
        3 - ; 4 - ப; 5 - ⥪ + 
        ENTER; 6 -⥪

       ⨬,   ⨢  㣨 ﬨ ᯮ짮-
 塠⮢ ᥫ  ⥬E  Z80,   ப ࠭
⠪,   뢠  稬  ⮣ ,㣨-
 ᫮,  ⮬ 浪,  ஬  뢠   -
.
        ᫮ ⠭  ணࠬ ।⠢ ᢮ 筮
ମ    ᯮ짮    CHR$ 14    ᫥騬
 ⠬ ᠬ ᫠.
      ६  ࠧ ଠ  ᮮ⢥⢨   ࠧ-
 த. 㪢  ६  ࠦ    묨, 
묨.
                NUMBER WHOSE NAME IS ONE LETTER ONLY (1)
              !                         SIGNAL (2)
              !
             \ /
      .-.-.-.-:-.-.-.-.----------------------...-----.  -----------.
      ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !                      ! !     >  >          !
      !0!1!1!         !   EAPLNUNL BYTE (4)  ! ! 4 MANTISSY BYTES  !
      ! ! ! !         !                      ! !     >  >    (5)   !
      :_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:______________________:_:_____>  >__________:
      ________________ _____________________________________________
        LETTER 60H (3)                 VALUE (6)

        1 -᫮,  ண ⮨    㪢;  2 -
        ; 3 -㪢 60 (⭠筮 ᫮); 4 - -
        ⥫ ⥯; 5 -  ; 6-祭

                NUMBER WHOSE NAME IS LONGER THAN ONE LETTER (1)

 .-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.   -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.--.       --.
 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! >   >! ! ! ! ! ! ! !  >       > !
 !1!0!1!         !0!             ! <   <!1!           !  <5 BYTES< !
 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! >   >! ! ! ! ! ! ! !  >  (5)  > !
 :_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_<   <:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:__>       >_:
        _________   _____________          ___________ ____________
        LETTER 60H  2-ND SHARACTER      LAST CHARACTER    VALUE
           (2)           (3)                  (4)           (6)

        ARRAY OF NUMBERS:(7)

                                -99-

.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.---.---.------.---.---.-. -.---.---.---.        --.
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !   !   !      !   !   ! > >!   !   !   >        > !
!1!0!0!         !2 BYTES!1 BYTE!2 BUTES! < <!2 BYTES!  5 BYTES EVER!
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !   !(8)!  (9) !   !(8)! > >!   !(8)!   >  (10)  > !
:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:___:___:______:___:___:_> >:___:___:___>        >_:
       _________ _______ ______ _______      _______ ______________
      LETTER 60H  TOTAL  NO OR  1-ST DIM.   LATS DIM.   ELEMENTS
         (2)     LENGTH  DIMEN-   (13)         (14)       (15)
                OF ELE-  NSIONS
                MENTS &   (12)
               DIMENSIONS
              +1 FOR NO OF
               DIMENSIONS (11)

        1 -᫮,  ண ⮨   祬      㪢;
        2 -㪢 60 (⭠筮 ᫮); 3 -ன ᨬ; 4 -
        ᫥ ᨬ; 5 - ⮢; 6 -祭; 7 -ᨢ -
        ; 8 -  ; 9 -  ; 10 -  ⮢  ;
        11 -  ⮢  ࠧ୮⥩, +1   ⢨
        ୮⥩; 12 - ࠧ୮⥩; 13 -ࢠ  ࠧ୮;
        14 -᫥ ࠧ୮; 15 -

        冷 ⮢ ᫥騩:
᭠砫  ,      ࠢ -
, ᫥騬  ,      ࠢ
, ᫥騬  ,      -
 ६  ..   祭 ࢮ  .
             ᮬ 筮 㯮冷-
稢  ஬    ..  ᫥  -
.
         ⢥ ਬ ᬮਬ  ᨢ  (3*6), -
ᬮ७   12,  ࠭  ᫥饬 浪:

        B(1,1) B(1,2) B(1,3) B(1,4) B(1,5) B(1,6) B(2,1) B(2,2) ...
(2.6) (3,1) ...(3,6).

        ࠢ ६ 横 FOR-NEXT


          MORE SIGNIFICANT BYTE--------------------
                                                    \
          LESS SIGNIFICANT BYTE-----------------     \
                                                 \    \
================!==========!=========!=========!=========!==========
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !          !         !         !    !    !         !
!1!1!1! ! ! ! ! ! 5 BYTES  ! 5 BYTES ! 5 BYTES ! 2 BYTES ! 1 BYTE  !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !    3     !    3    !    3    !    ! 4  !     5   !
================!==========!=========!=========!=========!==========
      LETTER 60H   VALUE      LIMIT     STEP     LOPPING  STATEMENT
                                                   LINE     NUMBER
                                                         WITHIN LINE
     6               7          8         9         10       11

 1- 訩  ; 2- 訩  ; 3-   ⮢; 4-   ;
 5-  ; 6- 㪢 60 ( ⭠筮 ᫮ ); 7- 祭;
 8- ࠭祭 横; 9- 蠣 横; 10-ப 横; 11- ।-
   । ப.

                                -100-

        쭠 ப
================!=============!===========<  <=====================
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !      !      !           >  >                    !
!0!1!0! ! ! ! ! !  2 BYTES    !           <  <                    !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !      !    1 !           >  >                    !
================!=============!===========<  <=====================
       LETTER 60H  NUMBER OF          TEXT OF STRING
                   CHARACTERS        ( MAY BE EMRTY )
          2            3                    4

1-  ; 2- 㪢 60 ( ⭠筮 ᫮ ); 3- ᫮ ᨬ-
; 4- ⥪ ப ( ப   ⮩ ).

                ᨢ ᨬ

================!=======!======!=======!=< <=========!=< <=========
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !   !   !      !   !   ! > >    !    ! > >        !
!1!1!0! ! ! ! ! !2 BYTES!1 BYTE!2 BYTES! < < 2 BYTES !1 BYTE EACH !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !   ! 1 !   2  !   ! 1 ! > >    ! 1  ! >3<        !
================!=======!======!=======!=< <=========!=< <=========
      LETTER 60H  TOTAL  NO. OF  1-ST       LAST DIM.   ELEMENTS
          4      NUMBER   DIMS.  DIM.           8           9
               OF ELEMENTS  6     7
                 & DIMS.+1
                  FOR NO OF
                    DIMS.
                      5
1-  ; 2-  ; 3-   ; 4- 㪢 60 ( -
筮 ᫮ ); 5- 饥 ᫮ ⮢  ࠧ୮⥩ , + 1
 ⢨ ࠧ୮⥩; 6-  ࠧ୮⥩; 7- ࢠ  ࠧ-
; 8- ᫥ ࠧ୮; 9- .
        ᫨⥫     ⥬  BASIC, ⢫饩
䬥᪨ 樨,  ⮬ ᫠,  묨    ࠡ⠥  
設⢥ ᢮ ࠭  ⥪ ᫨⥫.
        ࢭ  ᮤন ᯮ㥬 ࠭⢮ .
        設 ⥪  ⥪,  ᯮ  -
஬ Z-80  ࠭ ᮢ   ..
        ⥪ GOSUB( ணࠬ) 㦥 㯮   5.
        , 㪠 ॢன RAMTOP  訩  ,
ᯮ㥬 ⥬ BASIC.   NEW,  頥  -
  ந쭮 롮મ,  ⮫쪮  㯮⮣ ,
⮬  NEW   ।塞 짮⥫ -
᪨ ᨬ.     RAMTOP ।⢮ ⠭
᫠  ।⠢  ।  ⪨:

                CLEAR  RAMTOP

         ⮬
        ( 1 )   ६
              頥 䠩 ந ( A筮 CLS )
        ( 3 ) 뢠    㣮  PLOT
        ( 4 ) ந ⠭ ( RESTORE )
        ( 5 ) 頥 ⥪ GOSUB  ⠭   ᮮ⢥⢨ 
               RAMTOP ( , ⥪ ணࠬ 室
               ⥪ ᫨⥫  䨧᪨ 砭 -
                ந쭮 롮મ). 㣨 ᫮, 
              CLEAR ⠢ RAMTOP ⠬,   .

         㪠,  RUN ⠪ ⢫ ,
    RAMTOP.

                                -101-

        ᯮ  CLEAR 㪠   ᯮᮡ   
६ RAMTOP   ⮣, ⮡ ࠧ    
 ணࠬ BASIC ।⢮ १ । 짮⥫
᪨ ᨬ  ६  RAMTOP      ࠧ
襣 ࠭⢠    ந쭮 롮મ,஥ -
࠭   NEW.
        ⠩  NEW,   ⥬  ।  CLEAR 23800
 ⮣, ⮡  ஥ ।⠢  ⮬,  ந-
  . 設,   .
        ࢮ,   , ᫨ 筥  ணࠬ, 
⠭ १ ஥ ६ . 設  ਥ 祣-  -
 㪮 ᨣ樨. 砥, . 設 㦥 
⪠   室   ࠧ㧨. ஬ ⮣,
 ᮮ饭  訡, ਬ୮     ᠬ, 4 MEMORY
FULL ( )  G NO ROOM FOR LINE (   ப).
        ஬ ⮣, 㪮 ᨣ 砥   ⮬  砥,
   ப,   23 ,  ⮬  
 ,      㢨 ,   , -
  ᨣ   ९⢮ 쭥襬 .
          ॣ㫨஢ ⥫쭮 㪮 ᨣ 
᫠   23808. ⠭ ⥫쭮  । -
 64.
           ,   ᫮ ( ஬ 0 )  
㭨쭮 ᠭ  ᫥饬 :

                          E
                + - M* ( 2 )

"+, - "-  ᫠; -  ᫠,    
0.5 - 1, ᪫ 1; - ⥫ ⥯, 楫 ᫮ (  
⥫ ).
        ⨬,   ᠫ   筮 ଥ.  裡
 ⥬,    ஡ ᫮,  室  ⠭
  (筮 筮 窥   ஡ ),
 ⥬    ஡ ( 筮 筮 ஡ ). ⮬, 
筮 ⥬

       0.5    .1
       0.25   .01
       0.75   .11
       0.1    .000110011001100110011 .....  ..  裡 
⥬,    ஡ ᫮, । 窮  -
  㤥,  ⮬        0.5, .. 
ଠ  ࠧ ᫥ 筮 窨 ᫥ .
          ᫠  ᫨⥫쭮  設  ᯮ 
⮢:
        /1/  ஬  뢠  ᥬ ࠧ冷 -
             / ,   ࠧ ࠢ  /, -
             ᥬ ࠧ冷  뢠  쥬 -
            ,  ᥬ ࠧ冷  뢠   -
            ⮬    ᥬ ࠧ冷   뢠-
              ⮬ ;
        /2/   ண  / ᥣ ࠢ /,
              ᫠: 0  ⥫  , 1
             ⥫ ;
        /3/  ࢮ  뢠 ॡ㥬 ⥫ ⥯
             ஬ ਡ ᫮ 128.

                                -102-

        ਬ, ।,   ᫮ ࠢ 1/10

                  -3
        1/10=4/5*2

᫥⥫쭮  㤥 ࠢ .11001100110011001100110011001100
 筮  /⠪   33- ࠧ ࠢ  , 㣫塞 32-
ࠧ  /,  ⥫ ⥯ ࠢ -3. ਬ 㪠
 ࠢ, ।塞  ⮢  ᫠ 1/10.

                   [1]
      !-----------!--:---------!-----------!-----------!-----------!
      ! 0111 1101 ! 0:100 1100 ! 1100 1100 ! 1100 1100 ! 1100 1101 !
      !--------------:---------------------------------------------!
      -3+128                             [2]

[1] -  ᠭ   ⮣, ⮡     
⥫; [2] -  4/5  ᪫祭 ⮣,  
  ࠢ   ⥫ ⥯

         楫 ᥫ  -65535  65535  㣮  ᯮᮡ
:
        /1/   ࠢ ;
        /2/ ன  ࠢ   ⥫ ᥫ    ࠢ
            FF /⭠筮 ᫮/  ⥫ ᥫ;
        /3/ ⨩  ⢥    騬  ⠬
            ᫠,  ᫨ ᫮ ⥫쭮,    
            +131072;
        /4/   ࠢ .

                                -103-

                                25
                               --------
        ⥬ ६
           23552  23733 ⠭  ஭  ᯥ-
樠 ᯮ짮 ⥬.   ᬮ   ᭥
ࠧ ࠬ஢ ⥬,         -
ᮬ .    ।⠢   ⠡  -
  ਬ.
         ࠬ  뢠  ⥬묨  ६묨, 騬
᢮ ,   ᫥    ६묨, ᯮ㥬묨
몮 BASIC. ᫨⥫쭠  設    ᯮ   , 
뫪  ⥬ ६    ⢥  -
    짮⥫.
        ॢ  ࢮ  砥 ᫥饥:
X ⠪ ६   , ⮬  ⥬   ⮬
   .
N ⠢ ⮩ ६   ⥫쭮 䥪.
        ᫮   1  ᫮ ⮢   ६.
᫨ ᠭ  ,   뢠 訩  , -
    ⭮ 浪. ⮬     祭 V
 塠 ६   , ᯮ ᫥饥:

        POKE ,V-256'1NT (V/256)
        POKE +1,1 T (V/256)

 ⮬   ᫥饣 ࠦ  祭   ᬮ-

        PEEK +256'PEEK (+1)

-             ᮤঠ
-
祭
N8     23552   KSTATE    ᯮ  ⥭ .
N1     23560   LAST K       
1      23561   REPDEL    ६ / 50-  ᥪ㭤    60- -
                          ᥪ㭤  ᥢ୮ ਪ/,  -
                              । -
                         .   祭 35,     
                           POKE  ॠ  
                          㣨 祭ﬨ.
1      23562   REPPER    প  /  50-     60-  
                         㭤  ᥢ. ਪ/
                          ᫥⥫묨  ࠬ  ⮩
                          - ࢮ砫쭮 祭 ࠢ 5.
N2     23563   DEFADD     㬥⮢ । 짮⥫
                         㭪樨, ᫨  ,    ⨢
                         砥  ࠢ 0.
N1     23565   K DATA     ன   ࠢ  梥⮬,
                           .
N2     23566   VTDATA      梥, ࠦ    TAB
                         ࠢ ⥫஬.
X38    23568   STRMS      , 易  ⮪ -
                         樨.
2      23606   CHARS       ᨬ,  㬥襭   256
                         /  稭   ஡    ७
                          /.  筮 室  -
                          ,   ⠭ ᢮ ᮡ-
                         ⢥      ந쭮 -
                         મ  ᮧ CHARS, 㪠뢠饣  
                         .
1      23608   RASP      ⥫쭮 ।०饣 ᨣ.
1      23609   PIP       ⥫쭮 ᪠  .

                                -104-

1      23610   ERR NR        ᮮ饭.  ᪠-
                           255 / -1/  ⮬  ।
                         PEEK 23610  255.
X1     23611   FLAGS     ६ ਧ  ࠢ ⥬
                         BASIC.
X1     23612   TV FLAG   ਧ, ⭮騥  ⥫.
X2     23613   ERR SP     設 ⥪,   ᯮ-
                           ⢥   訡.
N2     23615   LIST SP       ⮬᪨ ᮧ-
                          ⨭.
N1     23617   MODE      㪠뢠  K, L, C, E,  G.
2      23618   NEW PPC   ப  ன ᨢ 室.
1      23620   NS  PPC    ।  ப,  ஬ -
                         ⢫   室 .  砫   
                         NEW PPC,  ⥬ NS PPC ॠ 室 
                          ।  ப.
2      23621       PPC   ப  ।, ஥ 믮-
                            .
1      23623   SUB PPC    믮塞     ६
                         ।  ப.
1      23624   BORDCR    ࠭ 梥 * 8; ᮤন ⠪ ਡ
                            ࠭.
2      23625   E PPC      ⥪饩 ப (  ணࠬ -
                          ).
X2     23627   VARS       ६.
N2     23629   DEST       ६  ᢠ.
X2     23631   CANS        .
X2     23633   CURCHL     ଠ樨, ᯮ㥬   -
                          ६    뢮.
X2     23635   PROG       ணࠬ BASIC.
X2     23637   NXTLIN     ᫥饩 ப  ணࠬ.
X2     23639   DATADD     ࠧ⥫ ᫥   -
                          .
X2     23641   E LINE      .
2      23643   K CUR      .
X2     23645   CH ADD     ᫥饣 㥬 ᨬ:
                          ᫥ 㬥   PEEK  
                         ਡ NEWLINE   । POKE.
2      23647   X PTR      ᨬ ᫥ થ ?.
X2     23649   WORKER     ६ ࠡ祩 .
X2     23651   STKBOT      ⥪  (᫨⥫).
X2     23653   STKEND     砫 १ࢭ ࠭⢠.
N2     23655   BREG      ॣ B ᫨⥫.
N2     23656   MEM        , ᯮ㥬    -
                         ᫨⥫. ( 筮 MEMBOT,   ᥣ.)
1      23658   FLAGS2    ⥫ ਧ.
X1     23659   DF SZ     ᫮ ப (   ப)  
                           ࠭.
2      23660   S TOP      孥 ணࠬ ப   -
                         ᪨ ⨭.
2      23662   OLDPPC     ப  ன ⢫ -
                            CONTINUE.
N1     23665   FLAGX     ࠧ ਧ.
N2     23666   STRLEN    ࠧ  祭     ப
                          ᢠ.
N2     23668   T ADDR     ᫥饣    ᨭ⠪᪮
                          (祭  ⥫쭮 ᯮ짮).
2      23670   BEED      砫쭮 ᫮   RND (  -
                         ⪨ ᥢ砩 ᥫ.  
                         ६,  ⠭    -
                           REMDOMIZE.

                                -105-

3      23672   FRAMEZ       (ᠬ 訩 砫) 稪
                         ஢.饭  20 . . 18
3      23675   UDG        ࢮ  ।  짮⥫
                         ᪮ ᨬ .     
                          , ਬ  ࠭  -
                         ⢠ ,।⢮ 㬥襭 -
                         塞 짮⥫ ᪨ ᨬ
1      23677   COORDS    न X ᫥ ஥ 窨.
1      23678             न Y ᫥ ஥ 窨.
1      23679   P POSN     33  樨  饣  -
                         ⢠.
1      23680   PR CC     訩   ᫥饩  樨  
                          LPRINT   (  -
                         饣 ன⢠).
1      23681              ᯮ.
1      23664   OSPCC       ப ।,  ஬ -
                         室 室   CONTINUE.
2      23682   ECHO E     33    24 ப (  -
                           )   .
2      23684   DF CC       ந 䠩 樨  -
                          PRINT.
2      23686   DF CCL    筮 DF CC    ࠭.
X1     23688   S POSN      33      樨  
                         PRINT.
X1     23689              24 ப  樨  PRINT
X2     23690   SROSNL    筮 SROSN    ࠭.
1      23692   SCR CT    ᫥ ᫠ ६饭:ᥣ  -
                           ᫠ 室 ६饭 ,
                         ஥ 㤥 ᤥ  ।  ⠭  
                         ᮬ  쭥襥 ६饭. ᫨ 
                         ⠢   ᫮    ( ᪠-
                          225),  ᮤন ࠭ 㤥  -
                           襣 襭.
1      23693   ATTR P    ﭭ ᯮ㥬 梥,   . . (KK
                         ⠭ ।ﬨ  梥).
1      23694   MASK P    ᯮ  ஧  梥⮢   ..
                          ,  室  , -
                         뢠,  ᮮ⢥騩   ਡ
                            ६ ATTR P,   ⮣,
                            ࠭.
N1     23695   ATTR T    ६ ⥪騥 梥  ..( ⠭-
                          ⠬ 梥⮢).
N1     23696   MASK T    筮 MASK P,    ६  -
                         .
1      23697   P FLAG    ⥫ ਧ.
N30    23698   MEMBOT        ᫨⥫ , ᯮ㥬
                          ࠭ ᥫ,      
                         騬 ࠧ ࠧ饭  ⥪ -
                         ⥫.
2      23728              ᯮ.
2      23730   RAMTOP     ᫥  ⥬
                                 BASIC.
2      23732   P-RAMT     ᫥  䨧᪮
                                  ந쭮 롮મ.

       ।⠢  ணࠬ ᮮ頥    22 
 ६.

                10 FOR N=0 TO 21
                20 PRINT PEEK (PEEK 23627+256*PEEK 23628+N)
                30 NEXT N

                                -106-

       । ᮮ⢥⢨ ࠢ饩 ६ N   ।⠢-
  ᠭ.
          ப 20 

                20 PRINT PEEK (23755+N)

         ணࠬ ᮮ   22  ணࠬ -
.     ᠬ ணࠬ.

                                -107-

                                26
                               --------

                ᯮ짮 設 

        ⪮ ᮤঠ
        USR  ᫮ 㬥⮬.

                ᠭ

          ᠭ  ,    設  -
 Z80   ,   ᯮ.᫨   
 ⨬,   ,   ⮬ ᠭ  .-
     " 設  (  ᥬ) Z80
 稭",  ன   .
       設 ணࠬ  筮  몥 ᥬ,
  ।⠢ ᮡ  ,  ᫨誮 㤥  ࠪ-
᪮ ᯮ짮.( 몠 ᥬ ।⠢  ਫ-
 ).  ⮣,⮡   ணࠬ  ᫨⥫-
 設, 室 ஢ ணࠬ    ᫥⥫-
 ⮢- ⮩ ଥ  뢠 設 .  ࠭-
 筮 ⢫ ᠬ . 設   ணࠬ,
 뢠 ᥬ஬.  ⥬ SPECTRUM    ஥
ᥬ,    ਮ  ணࠬ, ᠭ 
. ᬮ   ⮩ ணࠬ, ᫥ ⢫
࠭ ᠬ.
        ᬮਬ ਬ ⠪ ணࠬ:

                LD BC, 99
                RET

 㦠  ॣ஢ BC ᫮ 99.   ࠭᫨  
   設 1,99,0 (  LD BC, 99)  201 (   ).
(᫨    ᬮ  ਫ    1  201,  
LD BC, NN,  NN ⥭  塠⮢ ᫠,  RET.)
            ணࠬ  設 , ᫥騬
⠯ 㤥 ⠯  ⮩ ணࠬ  設. ( ᥬ
㤥   ⮬᪨).  室 ,  
 ⠭  ணࠬ. ᥣ  ॠ ᮧ-
 ⥫쭮 ࠭⢠   BASIC  ।
짮⥫ ᪨ ᨬ.
        ।, ਬ,    ⥬  16 .
। ⮩   ।⠢ .

        ____________________________________________________
        >   !        !                         !           !
        <            !                         !           !
        >            !                         !           !
        <            !  USER-DEHNED GRAPHICS   !           !
        >            !            1            !           !
        <___!________!_________________________!___________!
                !         !                          !
                !         !                          !
                !     UDC-32000                 P RAM-32767
                !
          RAMTOP-32599

        1  -  । 짮⥫ ᪨ ᨬ.

                                -108-

        ᫨  

                CLEAR 32499

   ࠭⢮,饥  100 ( 襬 ࠦ)
⮢, 稭   32500.


        _______________________________________________________
        >   !       !         !                      !         !
        <           ! 100.... !                      !         !
        >           !  BYTES  !                      !         !
        <           !         ! USER-DEHNED GRAPHICS !         !
        >           !    1    !           2          !         !
        <___!_______!_________!______________________!_________!
              !           !        !                      !
              !           !        !                      !
              !         32600  UDG=32600             P RAM=32767
              !
         RAMTOP=32499

        1  -  100 १ࢭ ⮢;
        2  -  । 짮⥫ ᪨ ᨬ.

         ⮣, ⮡  ணࠬ  設 , -
室 ॠ ண ணࠬ BASIC --  ⠪ த

                10 LET A=32500
                20 READ N: POKE A,N
                30 LET A=A+1: GO TO 20
                40 DATA 1,99,0,201

(  訬  ⠬ ந ⠭  ᮮ-
饭 E OUT OF DATA (室  ।  ).)
        ⮣, ⮡ ॠ ணO 設 , 室
ᯮ짮 㭪 USR   ࠧ  ᫮ 㬥⮬(砫
ᮬ).⮬ ਬ ⮩ 㭪樨 㤥 ᮤন ॣ-
 BC ௨   ணࠬ  設  , ⮬, ᫨ 


                PRINT USR 32000
                                          ⢥ 99.
          BASIC   ⥪  ᯮᮡ,
⮬  ⢫ ।⢮  RET.  ணࠬ
ᠭ  設 , ᫥ ᯮ짮 ॣ IY  I.
        筮    ࠭ ணࠬ  -
設  ।⢮

                SAVE "- " CODE 32500,4

       砥 ⠪,   ᯮᮡ ࠭ ⮩ -
ࠬ, ⮬   㧪  稭 ᠬ ⢫  ᢮
ண,   ࠢ ।⢮ ᯮ짮 ணࠬ-
 BASIC.
                10 LOAD " " CODE 32500,4
                20 PRINT USR 32500

                                -109-

᭠砫  믮

                SAVE "- " LINE
 ⥬
                SAVE "" CODE 32500,4
                LOAD "- "

᫥ 祣 㧨  ⮬᪨ ⢨  ண ணࠬ
BASIC,  ணࠬ BASIC 㧨  ॠ ண ணࠬ  -
設 .

                                -110-


                            ਫ 
                            ------------

                 ᨬ

        ।⠢   ᨬ ⥬ SPECTRUM  -
  筮  ⭠筮 ଠ.      ⮬
,   ᯮ  設  Z80,   ࠢ -
 ।⠢ ᮮ⢥  몠 ᥬ.  裡
 ⥬,  , ⭮, ᮧ,᫨ ࠧࠥ   
 ।  Z80  ⠢묨, 稭騬  CB
(⭠筮),  ED (⭠筮),   ᠬ -
   ।⠢.

      _____________________________________________________________
     !     !         !          !    Z80    !  -ATLER   !  -ATLER  !
     !CODE !CHALACLER!   HEX    ! ASSEMBLER !    CB     !    ED    !
     !_____!_________!__________!___________!___________!__________!
     !     !         !16-筠 !           !           !          !
     !  !   !  ଠ   ! ᥬ !  ᫥ CB ! ᫥ CD !
     !_____!_________!__________!___________!___________!__________!
        0 - \             00         NOP        RLC B
        1   !      N U  01      LD   BC NN    RLC C
        2   !ᯮ- O S  02      LD  (BC), A   RLC D
        3   !  T E  03      INC  BC       RLC E
        4   !   ,      D  04      INC  B        RLC H
        5  -/             05      DEC  B        RLC F
        6   PRINT COMAND  06      LD   B,N      RLC(HL)
        7    EDIT         07      RLCA          RLC A
        8    CURSOR LEFT  08      EX AF,AF'     RRC B
        9    CURSOR RIGHT 09      ADD HL,BC     RRC C
        10   CURSOR DOWN  0A      LD A,(BC)     RRC D
        11   CURSOR UP    0B      DEC BC        RRC E
        12   DELETE       0C      INC C         RRC H
        13   ENTER        0D      DEC C         RRC L
        14   ᫮        0E      LD C,N        RRC(HL)
        15   NOT USED     0F      RRCA          RRC A
        16   INK   .   10      DJNZ DIS       RL B
        17   PAPER .   11      LD DE,NN       RL C
        18   FLASH .   12      LD (DE),A      RL D
        19   BRIGHT .  13      INC DE         RL E
        20   INVERSE . 14      INC D          RL H
        21   OVER .    15      DEC D          RL L
        22   AT   .    16      LD D,N         RL(HL)
        23   TAB  .    17      RLA            RL A
        24  \             18      JR DIS         RR B
        25  !             19      ADD HL,DE      RR C
        26  !  N  U       1A      LD A,(DE)      RR D
        27  !  O  S       1B      DEC DE         RR E
        28  !  T  E       1C      INC E          RR H
        29  !     D       1D      DEC E          RR L
        30  !             1E      LD E,N         RR(HL)
        31  /             1F      RRA            RR A
        32   ஡       20      JR NZ,DIS     SLA B
        33       !        21      LD HL,NN      SLA C
        34       "        22      LD(NN),HL     SLA D
        35       #        23      INC HL        SLA E
        36       $        24      INC H         SLA H
        37       %        25      DEC H         SLA L
        38       &        26      LD H,N        SLA(HL)
        39       '        27      DAA           SLA A
        40       (        28      JR Z,DIS      SRA B

                                -111-

        41       )        29      ADD HL,NL     SRA C
        42       *        2A      LD HL,NN      SRA D
        43       +        2B      DEC HL        SRA E
        44       .        2C      INC L         SRA H
        45       -        2D      DEC L         SRA L
        46       ??????   2      LD L,N        SR(HL)
        47       /        2F      CPL           SRA A
        48       0        30      JR NC,DIS
        49       1        31      LD SP,NN
        50       2        32      LD(NN),A
        51       3        33      INC SP
        52       4        34      INC(HL)
        53       5        35      DEC(HL)
        54       6        36      LD (HL),N
        55       7        37      SCF
        56       8        38      JR C,DIS      SRL B
        57       9        39      ADD HL,SP     SRL C
        58       :        3A      LD A,(NN)     SRL D
        59       ;        3B      DEC SP        SRL E
        60       <        3C      INC A         SRL H
        61       =        3D      DEC A         SRL L
        62       >        3E      LD A,N        SRL(HL)
        63       ?        3F      CCF           SRL A
        64       @        40      LD B,B        BIT 0,B   IN B,(J)
        65       A        41      LD B,C        BIT 0,C   UT (C),B
        66       B        42      LD B,D        BIT 0,D   SBC HL,BC
        67       C        43      LD B,E        BIT 0,E   LD (NN),BC
        68       D        44      LD B,H        BIT 0,H   NEG
        69       E       45      LD B,L        BIT 0,L   RETN
        70       F       46      LD B,(HL)     BIT 0,(HL) IM 0
        71       G       47      LD B,A        BIT 0,A   LD L,A
        72       H       48      LD C,B        BIT 1,B   IN C,(C)
        73       I       49      LD C,C        BIT 1,C   U C,(C)
        74       J       4      LD C,D        BIT 1,D   DD HL,BC
        75       K       4B      LD C,E        BIT 1,E   LD BC,(NN)
        76       L       4C      LD C,H        BIT 1,H
        77       M       4D      LD C,L        BIT 1,L   EI
        78       N        4E      LD C,(HL)     BIT 1,(HL)
        79       O        4F      LD C,A        BIT 1,A   LD R,A
        80       P       50      LD D,B        BIT 2,B   IN D,(C)
        81       Q       51      LD D,C        BIT 2,C   OUT (C),D
        82       R       52      LD D,D        BIT 2,D   SBC HL,DE
        83       S       53      LD D,E        BIT 2,E   LD (NN),DE
        84       T       54      LD D,H        BIT 2,H
        85       U        55      LD D,L        BIT 2,L
        86       V        56      LD D,(HL)     BIT 2,(HL) IM 1
        87       W        57      LD D,A        BIT 2,A   LD A,L
        88       X        58      LD E,B        BIT 3,B   IN E,(C)
        89       Y        59      LD E,C        BIT 3,C   OUT (C),E
        90       Z        5A      LD E,D        BIT 3,D   ADC HL,DE
        91       (        5B      LD E,E        BIT 3,E   LD DE,(NN)
        92       /        5C      LD E,H        BIT 3,H
        93       )        5D      LD E,L        BIT 3,L
        94 ५   5      LD E,(HL)     BIT 3,(HL) IM 2
        95       _        5F      LD E,A        BIT 3,A    LD A,R
        96       [        60      LD H,B        BIT 4,B    IN H,(C)
        97       A        61      LD H,C        BIT 4,C    OUT (C),H
        98       B        62      LD H,D        BIT 4,D    SBC HL,HL
        99       C        63      LD H,E        BIT 4,E    LD (NN),HL
       100       D        64      LD H,H        BIT 4,H
       101       E       65      LD H,L        BIT 4,L
       102       F       66      LD H,(HL)     BIT 4,(HL)

                                -112-

       103       G       67      LD H,A        BIT 4,A    RRD
       104       H       68      LD L,B        BIT 5,B    IN L,(C)
       105       I       69      LD L,C        BIT 5,C    OUT (C),L
       106       J       6A      LD L,D        BIT 5,D    ADC HL,HL
       107       K       6B      LD L,E        BIT 5,E    LD HL,(NN)
       108       L       6C      LD L,H        BIT 5,H
       109       M   E    6D      LD L,L        BIT 5,L
       110       N        6E      LD L,(HL)     BIT 5,(HL)
       111       O        6F      LD L,        BIT 5,A    RID
       112       P        70      LD(HL),B      BIT 6,B    IN F,(C)
       113       Q       71      LD(HL),C      BIT 6,C
       114       R       72      LD(HL),D      BIT 6,D    SBC HL,SP
       115       S   K    73      LD(HL),E      BIT 6,E    LD (NN),SP
       116       T       74      LD(HL),F      BIT 6,H
       117       U       75      LD(HL),L      BIT 6,L
       118       V        76      HALT          BIT 6,(HL)
       119       W        77      LD (HL),A     BIT 6,A
       120       X        78      LD A,B        BIT 7,B    IN A,(C)
       121       Y        79      LD A,C        BIT 7,C    OUT (C),A
       122       Z        7A      LD A,D        BIT 7,D    ADC HL,SP
       123 䨣... 7B      LD A,E        BIT 7,E    LD SP,(NN)
       124 ⨪.   7C      LD A,H        BIT 7,H
       125 䨣..ࠢ. 7D      LD A,L        BIT 7,L
       126       -        7E      LD A,(HL)     BIT 7,(HL)
       127      .    7F      LD A,A        BIT 7,A
                OO
       128      OO        80      ADD A,B       RES 0,B

                O#
       129      OO        81      ADD A,C       RES 0,C

                #O
       130      OO        82      ADD A,D       RES 0,D

                ##
       131      OO        83      ADD A,E       RES 0,E

                OO
       132      O#        84      ADD A,H       RES 0,H

                O#
       133      O#        85      ADD A,L       RES 0,L

                #O
       134      O#        86      ADD A,(HL)    RES 0,

                ##
       135      O#        87      ADD A,A       RES 0,A

                OO
       136      #O        88      ADC A,B       RES 1,B

                O#
       137      #O        89      ADC A,C       RES 1,C

                #O
       138      #O        8A      ADC A,D       RES 1,D

                ##
       139      #O        8B      ADC A,E       RES 1,E

                                -113-

                OO
       140      ##        8C      ADC A,H       RES 1,H

                O#
       141      ##        8D      ADC A,L       RES 1,L

                #O
       142      ##        8E      ADC A,(HL)    RES 1,(HL)

                ##
       143      ##        8F      ADC A,A       RES 1,A
       144     (A)       90      SUB B         RES 2,B
       145     (B)       91      SUB C         RES 2,C
       146     (C)       92      SUB D         RES 2,D
       147     (D)       93      SUB E         RES 2,E
       148     (E)       94      SUB H         RES 2,H
       149     (F)       95      SUB L         RES 2,L
       150     (G)       96      SUB (HL)      RES 2,
       151     (H)       97      SUB A         RES 2,A
       152     (I)       98      SBC A,B       RES 3,B
       153     (J)       99      SBC A,C       RES 3,C
       154     (K)       9A      SBC A,D       RES 3,D
       155     (L)        9B      SBC A,E       RES 3,E
       156     (M)  !     9C      SBC A,H       RES 3,H
       157     (N)        9D      SBC A,L       RES 3,L
       158     (O)       9E      SBC A,(HL)    RES 3,
       159     (P)       9F      SBC A,A       RES 3,A
       160     (Q)       A0      AND B         RES 4,B   LDI
       161     (R)       A1      AND C         RES 4,C   CPI
       162     (S)       A2      AND D         RES 4,D   INI
       163     (T)       A3      AND E         RES 4,E   OUTI
       164     (U)       A4      AND H         RES 4,H
       165  RND           A5      AND L         RES 4,L
       166  INKEY$        A6      AND (HL)      RES 4,
       167  PI            A7      AND A         RES 4,A
       168  FN            A8      XOR B         RES 5,B   LDD
       169  POINT         A9      XOR C         RES 5,C   CPD
       170  SCREEN$       AA      XOR D         RES 5,D   IND
       171  ATTR          AB      XOR E         RES 5,E   OUTD
       172  AT            AC      XOR H         RES 5,H
       173  TAB           AD      XOR L         RES 5,L
       174  VAL$          AE      XOR (HL)      RES 5,
       175  CODE          AF      XOR A         RES 5,A
       176  VAL           B0      OR  B         RES 6,B   LDIR
       177  LEN           B1      OR  C         RES 6,C   CPIR
       178  SIN           B2      OR  D         RES 6,D   INIR
       179  COS           B3      OR  E         RES 6,E   OTIR
       180  TAN           B4      OR  H         RES 6,H
       181  ASN           B5      OR  L         RES 6,L
       182  ACS           B6      OR  (HL)      RES 6,
       183  ATN           B7      OR  A         RES 6,A
       184  LN            B8      CP  B         RES 7,B   LDDR
       185  EXP           B9      CP  C         RES 7,C   CPDR
       186  INT           BA      CP  D         RES 7,D   INDR
       187  SQR           BB      CP  E         RES 7,E   OTDR
       188  SGN           BC      CP  H         RES 7,H
       189  ABS           BD      CP  L         RES 7,L
       190  PEEK          BE      CP  (HL)      RES 7,
       191  IN            BF      CP  A         RES 7,A
       192  USR           C0      RET NZ        SET 0,B
       193  STR$          C1      POP BC        SET 0,C
       194  CHR$          C2      JP NZ,NN      SET 0,D
       195  NOT           C3      JP NN         SET 0,E

                                -114-

       196  BIN           C4      CALL NZ,NN    SET 0,H
       197  OR            C5      PUSH BC       SET 0,L
       198  AND           C6      ADD A,N       SET 0,(HL)
       199  <=            C7      RST 0         SET 0,A
       200  >=            C8      RET Z         SET 1,B
       201  <>            C9      RET           SET 1,C
       202  LINE          CA      JP Z,NN       SET 1,D
       203  THEN          CB                    SET 1,E
       204  TO            CC      CALL Z,NN     SET 1,H
       205  STEP          CD      CALL NN       SET 1,L
       206  DEF FN        CE      ADC A,N       SET 1,(HL)
       207  CAT           CF      RST B         SET 1,A
       208  FORMAT        D0      RET NC        SET 2,B
       209  MOV           D1      POP DF        SET 2,C
       210  ERASE         D2      JP NC,NN      SET 2,D
       211  OPEN$         D3      OUT (N),A     SET 2,E
       212  CLOSE$        D4      CALL NC,NN    SET 2,H
       213  MERGE         D5      PUSH DE       SET 2,L
       214  VERIFY        D6      SUB N         SET 2,(HL)
       215  BEEP          D7      RST 16        SET 2,A
       216  CIRCLE        D8      RET C         SET 3,B
       217  INK           D9      EXX           SET 3,C
       218  PAPER         DA      JP C,NN       SET 3,D
       219  FLASH         DB      IN A,(N)      SET 3,E
       220  BRIGHT        DC      CALL C,NN     SET 3,H
       221  INVERSE       DD      PREFIXES IN-  SET 3,L
                                  STRUCTIONS
                                  USINC IX
       222  OVER          DE      SBC A,N       SET 3,(HL)
       223  OUT           DF      RST 24        SET 3,A
       224  LPRINT        E0      RET PO        SET 4,B
       225  LLIST         E1      POP HL        SET 4,C
       226  STOP          E2      JP PO,NN      SET 4,D
       227  READ          E3      EX (SP),HL    SET 4,E
       228  DATA          E4      CALL PO,NN    SET 4,H
       229  RESTORE       E5      PUSH HL       SET 4,L
       230  NEW           E6      AND N         SET 4,(HL)
       231  BORDER        E7      RST 32        SET 4,A
       232  CONTINUE      E8      RET PE        SET 5,B
       233  DIM           E9      JP (HL)       SET 5,C
       234  REM           EA      JP PE,NN      SET 5,D
       235  FOR           EB      EX DO,HL      SET 5,E
       236  GO TO         EC      CALL PE,NN    SET 5,H
       237  GO SUB        ED                    SET 5,L
       238  INPUT         EE      XOR N         SET 5,(HL)
       239  LOAD          EF      RST 40        SET 5,A
       240  LIST          F0      RET P         SET 6,B
       241  LET           F1      POP AF        SET 6,C
       242  PAUSE         F2      JP P,NN       SET 6,D
       243  NEXT          F3      DI            SET 6,E
       244  POKE          F4      CALL P,NN     SET 6,H
       245  PRINT         F5      PUSH AL       SET 6,L
       246  PLOT          F6      OR N          SET 6,(HL)
       247  RUN           F7      RST 48        SET 6,A
       248  SAVE          F8      RET M         SET 7,B
       249  RANDOMIZE     F9      LD SP,HL      SET 7,C
       250  IF            FA      JP M,NN       SET 7,D
       251  CLS           FB      EI            SET 7,E
       252  DRAW          FC      CALL M,NN     SET 7,H
       253  CLEAR         FD      PREF.INSTR.   SET 7,L
       254  RETURN        FE      CP N          SET 7,(L)
       255  COPY          FF      RST 56        SET 7,A

                                -115-

                            ਫ 
                            ------------

                饭.

        饭    ࠭ ⮣,   . 設
⠭  믮 - ணࠬ  BASIC   ⮣,
⮡ '᭨,祬  ⠭,  - ⢥ -
稭, ⠪    訡.
        饥 ᮮ饭  ஢  㪢  , 
஬   ᪠  ।⠢    ⠡ , 饩
⠪ ⪮ '᭥ ⮣,   ந諮,   ப  
।  ப,    ⠭ . 設.( 
।⠢  ப 0.  । ப । 1 -
 砫, । 2 ᫥ ᫥      
THEN  ..)
          CONTINUE     ᮮ饭.
筮   ਢ  ப  ।,  㪠 
᫥ ᮮ饭,   ᪫祭  ᮮ饭ﬨ 0,9  D
(.  ਫ ).
         ।⠢  ᮮ饭,     .
஬ ⮣,  ।⠢  ⠡  ⥫⢠, 
    ᮮ饭  뫪  ਫ .
ਬ, 訡 A INVALID ARGUMET (ࠢ 㬥)  -
  ࠦﬨ SQR, IN, ACS  ASN,  ⮬  ⠡  
뫪  ਫ , ஬ ।, 㬥 -
.

_________________________________________________________________
    !                                                   !
 !                                           !
____!___________________________________________________!________

0   ᯥ譮 砭 ࠡ,室  ᫥饩 ப   
     ஬, 訬 襣 .   ᮮ饭 
     ப  ।  室 ।-
      CONTINUE.

1   NEXT  FOR                                           NEXT
    ࠢ饩 ६  (  뫠 -
     । FOR),  
    ६  ⥬  .

2    ६                                      .
    ⮩ ६  ந, ᫨  -
    ᯮ  ⮣,  ந諮  ᢮-
      LET, READ  INPUT    ⮣, 
    뫠 㦥    ⠭   ।-
    FOR.  ஢ ६   ந-
   室, ᫨  ६ ᯮ   ⮣, 
     뫠  ᢮ ࠧ୮  । DIM 
    ⮣,   뫠 㦥  .

3  ࠢ                                     -
    ॢ蠥 ࠧ୮ ᨢ       -
   ࠢ쭮 ᫮ ᮢ. ᫨   ⥫  ६ ,
    訩 65635,   १ 㤥  訡  -  ன
    .                                                  INPUT,LET,

                                -116-

4   ।                                     FOR,GOSUB,
    ⮣ ⮡ 믮 ணࠬ, 墠⠥   DIM,LOAD ,
     . 設. ᫨ . 設 諠   ⠪  MERGE.-
   ﭨ,    ப,ᯮ-    
     DELETE, ⥬  ணࠬ ப   믮-
     ( 쭥襩 ⠭  ⭮)  ⮣,   -
   ⮡ ᢮        (᪠ ࠦ  .
    ஬ CLEAR).

5    ࠭                                        INPUT,
   । INPUT ⠫ ࠡ   - PRINT AT
    ࠭  23 ப. ஬ ⮣,  -
     ࠦ RPINT AT 22.

6  ᫮ ᫨誮                              38     -
   ᫥ ਢ   襬 (ਬ୮) 10      䬥 -
                                                           -
                                                            .

7   RETURN   GO SUB                   RETURN
   ஢ RETURN 뫮 , 祬 ஢ GO SUB.

8   䠩                                            樨
                                                           -
                                                          ᪮-
                                                            .

9  । STOP                                       STOP
   ᫥ ⮣,  CONTINUE     
   STOP, ३  ।,஥ 室 .

A  ࠢ 㬥                                  SQR,LN,ASN
                                                          ACS,USR
                                                          (TO
                                                         㬥⠬)

B  楫 ᫮                                RUNDOMIZE,
    ॡ 楫 ᫠, 䬥᪮   ࠦ-  RUN,POKE ,
     饩 窮 㣫  襣  -  DIM,GOTO
   . ᫨  ⮬ ந室 室  ,   GOSUB,LIST
     訡 B.                                LLIST,PLOT
    㯠  ᨢ .  訡 B.              PAUSE,CHR$
                                                          PEEK,USR
                                                          ( ᫮ -
                                                            -
                                                          ⮬)
                                                            
                                                          ᨢ

C  祯  BASIC                                         VAL,VAL$
   ⥪ (ப) 㬥  ࠧ  ࠢ쭮
   ࠦ.

                                -117-

D   BREAK-CONT                                     LOAD,SAVE,
    BREAK 뫠      믮  -  VERIFY,
   樨  ਩ ன⢮.                   MERGE,COPY
     CONTINUE  ᫥  ⮣  ᮮ饭  LPRINT,
      ⮬ ᫥,     -  LLIST.-
    ७ ।.ࠢ  ᮮ饭 L   ⮣,
                                                          ᫨ .
                                                          設 -
                                                          訢
                                                          ६-
                                                          , 
                                                          ⢥砥
                                                          N,SPACE
                                                           STOP

E                                         READ
    ⠫ ॠ 뢠 ᫥
   砭 ᯨ᪠ 

F  ࠢ쭮  䠩                                 SAVE
   ⪠ ࠭ ⮥   , ஥ ॢ-
   蠥 10 ᨬ.

G     ப                                    -
   筮 , ⠢襣        ண-
    ப                                           ࠬ

H  ⠭                                        INPUT
     砫  ⠭  뫠  -
    STOP  ࠦ INPUT LINE.  ᮦ,  ⮬
   砥  ᮮ饭 9  ᫥  ᮮ饭  H  
   CONTINUE  ࠡ⠥  ଠ쭮 ,   ५
   INPUT.

I  FOR  NEXT                                           FOR
     横  FOR,    믮   ࠧ
   (ਬ, FOR N=1 TO 0), ᮮ⢥饣 ।-
    NEXT  뫮 .

J  ࠢ쭮 ன⢮ /뢮                   樨
                                                           -
                                                          ᪮-
                                                            .

  ࠢ 梥                                      INK,PAPER,
   㪠 ᫮  ᮮ⢥ ॡ㥬 -       BORDER ,
   祭                                                  FLASH,OVER
                                                           ⠪
                                                          ᫥  -
                                                            
                                                          -
                                                          .

L   ணࠬ 뢠 ( BREAK )                       
     BREAK,  ।  
   ।ﬨ. ᮮ襭  뫪  -
    ப   ।,  뫨  
    BREAK,   CONTINUE  -
     ।.

                                -118-

   ७ RAMTOP                                         CLEAR,
   ᫮,  RAMTOP  ᫨誮 讥        
    ᫨誮 .                                      RUN

N  ﭮ ।                                    RETURN,
   室  ।,ண   -        NEXT
   .                                                   CONTINUE

O  ࠢ ⮪                                      樨
                                                           த-
                                                            
                                                             .

P   FN   DEF                           FN
   㭪, ।塞 짮⥫.

Q  訡 ࠬ                                        FN
   ୮ ᫮ 㬥⮢     -
   쭮 ⨯(ப  ᫮  -
   )>

R  訡  㧪                              VERIFY LOAD
   䠩    ,    -           
        ⠭               MERGE
   ஢.

                                -119-

                      ਫ  ( 1)
                      ----------------------

        ᠭ ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM  ࠢ.
       ࢠ   ਫ  ७ 
⭮饣    ࠭.

                .

         ⥬ ।⠢ ᮡ  ⮫쪮   ᨬ-
,   ᫮ ⥫  (祢 ᫮, 㭪-
権  ..), 祬       ,   
  ⤥  ᨬ.     㭪権  -
       ࠧ稬 祭, -
 筮 ।⠢ ᬥ饭  (.. ⨥  -
 CAPS SHIFT, ⠪   SYMBOL SHIFT ६,  -
 ⨥  ),   筮  ᯮ짮  設 
ࠧ ०.
         ࠡ 㪠뢠 ஬  娢饩 㪢, -
 뢠,     ᨬ  .
          ( 祢 ᫮) ⮬᪨   ० L,
 .設    ப ணࠬ( ᪫祭
  ),   樨  ப . 設  , 
   ப  祢 ᫮,.. 砫 ப 
ࠧ ᫥ THEN  ࠧ ᫥  (:). ᪫祭 ।⠢-
 ࠡ  ᨬ묨 ப. ⢨ ᬥ饭 ᫥
 㤥 ஢   祢 ᫮,ᠭ 
⮩ ,   .
          ⠫쭮 ६ 筮   ० L( 㪢).
 ⢨ ᬥ饭 ᫥  㤥  ஢ 
⢥  ᨬ  ⮩  ( ॣ  㪢).
          ० (  L) SYMBOL SHIFT     -
஢  ᯮ⥫  ᨬ  ⮩  , 
CAPS SHIFT  ஢ 襩 㤥 ஢  ࠢ-
 㭪, ᠭ  梥⮬  ⮩ 襩.CAPS SHIFT 
㣨 蠬    祢 ᫮  ० ,   ०
L  ᬥ饭  CAPS SHIFT  ॢ  ॣ  
 㪢.
         (  㪢) ।⠢ ᮡ ਠ ०-
 L, ⮬  ०   㪢   . 
CAPS LOCK (䨪 ) 뢠  ० L   ० 
 ⭮.
       ( ७) ᯮ  祭  -
 ᨬ,  ᭮ - ⥫ . ० 㯠-
 ᫥ ⮣,   ᬥ饭  ६  த-
  祭   .  ⮬  ०  㪢  
 ᨬ  ⥫  ( 뢠    梥⮬
 襩 ), ᫨ ᬥ饭 , ᫨      ᬥ-
饭, 㤥 ॠ뢠 㣮 祭(  梥-
⮬  襩). ஢   ⥫  , ᫨
    襩 SYMBOL SHIFT (ᬥ饭 ᨬ),  -
⨢ 砥   梥 ࠢ ᫥⥫쭮.
        G ( 䨪)   ᫥ ⮣,  -
 GRAPHICS (䨪) (CAPS SHIFT  9)  த    ,
   㤥  ᭮. ஢  㤥   -
 䨪,  ᢮  GRAPHICS    DELETE
  㪢 ,஬  V, W, X, Y  Z,  ।-
塞 짮⥫ 䨪.
       ᫨   䨪  ⮬    -
祭  2  3 ᥪ㭤, 㤥  ७ .

                                120-

           ᨬ       
࠭ ⠪,  ⠥  ᨬ,  祬  㪠  ᨬ
/ ᨬ  ᬥ蠭  ⥫  /   
ࠧ । ஬.     ६饭  蠬
CAPS SHIFT  5   ࠢ  蠬 CAPS SHIFT   8.  ।
஬         DELETE  /  CAPS
SHIFT  0/. ⨬   ப    ⠭ EDIT
/ CAPS SHIFT  1/,   ᫥ ENTER./
           ENTER //, ந室 믮 -
  ப,      ணࠬ    ॠ  
/INPUT/ ᮮ⢥⢥, ᫨ ⮫쪮  ப  ᮤন ᨭ⠪-
᪨ 訡.  ⮬ 砥  冷  訡 ⥫-
  /?/.
          ப ணࠬ   孥    ࠭
ந ⨭. ᮡ ࠧ ⨭ 쭮 ᫮
 "  ஡   2.  ᫥   ப
뢠 ⥪饩 ப  㪠뢠  ᨬ  #,  
 ६饭 ᯮ짮    \!/  / CAPS SHIFT  6/
  /!\  / CAPS SHIFT  7/. ᫨    EDIT /
CAPS SHIFT  1/, ⥪ ப ॢ      -
࠭,    ।஢.
         믮 -    ॠ樨 ண
ணࠬ  孥  ࠭ ந 室 ᨣ
   ⠬         㤥  -
ணࠬ ப   㤥    ENTER  ⮩ -
          /!\   \!/.   ⮬  
 ࠭  ᮮ饭, ।⠢饥   /  -
/,  ।⠢  ਫ B.   ⪮ ਠ,
।⠢  ⮬ ਫ,  ⬥,    
 ப, ᮤঠ  ᫥  믮塞  । / 0
 /,  㪠    ।  ப. -
 ᮮ饭 ⠥  ࠭       㤥 
-  / 㤥 㪠 ० K/.
         । ⥫⢠  CAPS SHIFT  -
襩 SPACE   BREAK /뢠/, ⠭ . 設
 ᮮ饭 D  L.  ।:
        /1/   ।  ६ ண ணࠬ 
        /2/  ६ ᯮ짮 . 設 ⭮ 뢠-
            饣 ன⢠.

         ࠭
         ࠭  24 ப,   32 ᨬ -
,  ࠧ   .   ࠭  ᠬ
襥 22 ப  ந   ⨭,   뢥 
ணࠬ .  ந  孥  ࠭ -
⨣  ,  ந ६頥   -
. ᫨  ⢨   ᮡ  ப,   
 뫮  㢨,  . 設  ⠭  ᮮ-
饭  SCROLL? /६饭 7/.  ⨥    N, SPACE  STOP
⢨ ணࠬ ⠭,  ᮮ饭  D BREAK - CONT REPORTS
  㣠    த ६饭. -
  ࠭ ᯮ   ,  ணࠬ ப 
 /INPUT/ ,  ⠪  ந  ᮮ饭. 
 ࠭ 㭪樮   ய᪮   ப  / ப
/,     ࠭     ᯮᮡ 
⮬,  㤥 ᠭ.  ଠ ⨣ ⥪饩 믨-
 樨  孥  ࠭,  쭥襥 ७ 㤥
⢫  ६饭  ଠ樨    孥   ࠭
.

                                121-

         ᨬ쭠   ਡ, 㪠뢠騥 㬠-
 /䮭/  ୨ /梥 㪢  / 梥, ஢
મ  稥  ⢨ 娢.  稨  ᫥-
騥 梥: , ᨭ, , ,  ,   
.
        ࠩ ࠭     ⠭      梥⮢,
।⢮ ᯮ짮 । BORDER /࠭/.
        쭠  ࠧ   8*8  ࠧ⥫ -
⮢,  祬 ॠ  ᪨  ᨬ    ᮪
ࠧ饩 ᯮᮡ,  ⨣ ।⢮ 㠫쭮
⠭ ࠧ⥫ ⮢  । ୨쭮  -
 梥⮢   樨 ᨬ.
        ਡ ᨬ쭮 樨 ॣ㫨 ⮣,  ᨬ
뢠      稢  ࠦ-
.  ᯮᮡ ॣ㫨஢ । ࠬࠬ ,
    (뢠  ﭭ묨  ६묨)
 : ࠬ PAPER, INK, FLASH, BRIGHT, INVERSE  OVER.-
ﭭ ࠬ  孥  ⠭  ।⢮ ।-
 PAPER, INK  ..    ᫥ . (ࢮ-
砫쭮  ।⠢ ᮡ  ୨ 梥     -
 梥.  ⮬ ᯮ 筠 મ   娢,
 ᨣ  ⮪.) ﭭ ࠬ  
 ᯮ ࠭ 梥  ⢥  㬠 梥  
    ࠦ   筮 મ  
娢    ᨣ   ⮪.
        ६ ࠬ  ⠭  ⠬ ।
PAPER, INK  ..,  ⠢  ।  INPUT, LPRINT,
PRINT, PLOT, DRAW  CIRCLE,  ⠪     PAPER, INK  . -
ࠢ ᨬ,  ᯥ뢠  ⥫ ࠭,
祬   ᫥ ⥫   㪠 祭 -
ࠬ. ६  ࠬ  ࠡ ⮫쪮    ।
PRINT( - 㣮),  ⠪  ।  INPUT  
,   ॡ -   , ⮬ 
 ﭭ묨 ࠬࠬ.
        ࠬ PAPER  INK     0  9.-
 0 - 7  梥⠬, ᯮ㥬묨   ᨬ:
                0 - 
                1 - ᨭ
                2 - 
                3 - 
                4 - 
                5 - 
                6 - 
                7 - 
        ࠬ 8 ("") 㪠뢠, 梥  ࠭ -
  ⠢     ᨬ.
        ࠬ 0 ("⭮") 㪠뢠,   ᬠਢ
梥 ( 㬠  ୨ )   ᤥ  , 
  ⮣, ⮡  뤥 । 㣨 梥⮢.
        ࠬ FLASH  BRIGHT ᮮ⢥ 0, 1  8-1 砥
 娢  મ 祭, 0 砥, 娢 
મ 몫祭,  8 砥,     ᨬ ⠥
.
        ࠬ OVER  INVERSE ᮮ⢥ 0  1.

             OVER  0     ᨬ 㭨⮦ ;
             OVER  1     ⮢    ᨬ -
                         ।⢮ ᯮ짮 樨
                        "᪫⥫쭮 " (⪠);
          INVERSE  0     ᨬ   ⢥ ୨-
                         梥⮢  㬠 梥 ( -
                        );

                                -122-

          INVERSE  1     ᨬ   ⢥ 㬠
                        ⮢  ୨쭮 梥 ( -
                        ).

         ⥫஬ ਭ ࠢ騩 ᨬ TAB, 
  ॡ  㪠 ⠭ ⠡ -  N ( 訩
   ). 祭 㬥蠥   32,   ਬ
 N0,  ⮬ ⠥ 筮 ᫮ ஡,⮡ ६-
     N0.
          ⮩ (ࠢ騩 ᨬ) ⠥ -
筮 ᫮ ஡ ( ࠩ  )  ६饭 樨
   0    16.
         ਥ ᨬ ࠢ ENTER   ६-
  ᫥ ப.

                饥 ன⢮.

        室  饥 ன⢮ ந १ ,-
   ப ( 32 ᨬ ), 祬  ப 뫠  -
饥 ன⢮:
        1.   ॢ   ப  ;
        2. ਭ ᨬ ENTER;
        3.  ணࠬ, ᫨ ⠫ -  砨;
        4. ࠢ騩 ᨬ TAB    ६ -
              ப.
        ࠢ訥 ᨬ TAB   뤠 ஡ ⠪ , 
 ॠ  ⥫ ࠭.
        ࠢ AT   ,ᯮ  -
,   ப.
        ࠬ  ࠢ  INVERSE  OVER ( ⠪  ।)
  饥 ன⢮ ⠪,     ⥫
࠭, ࠧ㬥  ᯮ짮 ࠬ஢ PAPER,INK, FLASH  
BRIGHT.
         ⨨   BREAK  饥 ன⢮  ⠭
᢮ ࠡ  訡 . ⢨ 饣 ன⢠ 室-
    .

                                -123-

                      ਫ  ( 2)
                      ---------------------

                 BASIC

        筮  ᥫ । 9  10 ࠬ,-
 讥 ᫮, ஥   ࠢ ਬ୮ 10  ⥯-
 38,  ᠬ 쪮 (⥫쭮) ᫮ ࠢ  ਡ⥫쭮
4*10  ⥯ -39.
        ᫮  ⥬ ZX SPECTRUM  ।⠢  筮 ଥ
 饩 窮   ⮬  ⥫ ⥯ (1<=E<=255)
   ⠬   (0,5<=<=1).  । ᫥饥
᫮ *2  ⥯ -128.
         裡  ⥬,  0,5<=M<1,ᠬ 訩   ᥣ
ࠢ 1.⮬ 䠪᪨       ᯮ짮-
  ࠧ  ⠭  ᫠ - 0  ⥫ -
ᥫ, 1 -  ⥫ ᥫ.
        訥 楫 ᫠   ᯥ樠쭮  ।⠢, 
஬   ࠢ 0,ன   ⮬  (0 
F9 - ⭠),  ⨩  ⢥  ।⠢ -
 ᫠     ଥ, 祬  訩    
.
        ᫮ ६   ந쭮 ,稭
 㪢  த 㪢  ࠬ.஡  ࠬ ࠢ-
 梥⮬ ,   㪢 ८ࠧ   -
.
        ࠢ騥 ६ 横 FOR-NEXT  ,騥
  㪢.
       ᫮ ᨢ  ,騬 ⠪  -
 㪢,祬    ᮢ    ६-
.ᨢ   ந쭮  ࠧ୮  ந-
 ࠧ.  稭  .
        ப  ந  .  ப ⮨ 
 㪢  ᫥騬  $.
        ப (ᨬ) ᨢ   ।쭮  
ࠧ୮  ந ࠧ. ⠪ ᨢ  -
 㪢  ᫥騬  $     ⥬  ᠬ,   
 ப.  ப   ᨢ    䨪-
஢ ,  㪠뢠  ⢥  ⥫쭮 -
쭮 ࠧ୮  । DIM.  稭  .
        १: ப ப   㪠   -
१. १  :
        1  -  
                        
        2  -  ᫮ ࠦ
                        
        3  -  ⥫쭮 ᫮ ࠦ  ⥫쭮
              ᫮ ࠦ
 ᯮ짮  ࠦ ப ।⢮
                        
          -  ப ࠦ (१)
                        
          -  ६ ப ᨢ (,...,,-
              ),
஥ 砥   ᠬ,  
              ६ ப ᨢ (,..., )(-
              ).
        㭪 ()।, ப ࠦ  -
祭 S$.
        ᫨ १  , १ S$ ᬠਢ  -
ப ᠬ  ᥡ.

                                -124-

        ᫨ १ ।⠢ ᮡ ᫮ ࠦ  -
祭 ,  १ ࠢ - ᨬ S$ (ப  1).
        ᫨ १    (3),  ,  ࢮ -
 ࠦ  祭  ( 㬮砭  祭 ࠢ 1)
 ஥ ࠦ ࠢ N (  㬮砭  祭  ࠢ  
ப S$).
        ᫨ 1<=<=N<= ப S$,  १  -
ப ப S$, 稭  ᨬ ,  稢  ᨬ-
 N.
        ᫨ 0<=N<=M,  १⮬ 㤥  ப.
         ⨢ 砥  室  訡 3.
        १ ॠ । 믮 㭪権  権,
᫨ ⮫쪮 稥 ᪮  । 㣮 冷.
        ப   ⢫ ਡ (. LET).
        ᫨ 室  ப   ப -
ࠫ,     㤢.

                㭪樨

        㬥 㭪樨  ⠢  ᪮, ᫨   -
⠭⮩  ( ஢  १) ६.

        㭪         ⨯ 㬥           १
        ABS             ᫮                   ᮫⭠ 稭
        ACS             ᫮                   પᨭ  ࠤ-
                                                .訡 , ᫨
                                                  
                                                   -1 -:- +1
        AND             筠 ,
                         ࠭
                        ᥣ ᫮.                  !, ᫨ B<>0
                        ᫮  ࠭ A AND B=!
                                                       !0, ᫨ B=0

                        ப                 !$,᫨ B<>0
                        ࠭:              A$ AND B=!
                                                       !"" ᫨ B=0

        ASN             ᫮                   ᨭ  ࠤ
                                                訡 A, ᫨  
                                                 -1 -:- +1

        ATN             ᫮                   ⠭  ࠤ-
                                                

                                -125-

        ATTR             㬥   Y,    ᫮,   筠
                         ᫠, 祭-    ଠ  -
                          ᪮.            ப ,-
                                                 Y   ⥫-
                                                 ࠭. 7(-
                                                 訩) ࠢ 1
                                                 娢; 0 -
                                                 ⢨ -
                                                .  6 ࠢ
                                                1  襭 -
                                                , 0  筮
                                                મ.   5 
                                                3 ।  㬠-
                                                 梥,  2 
                                                1 । ୨
                                                 梥 . 訡  
                                                 믮 ᫥
                                                饣 0<=<=23 
                                                        0<=Y<=31.

        BIN                                      ᠬ   
                                                  㭪樥 ,
                                                   -
                                                   ᥫ:
                                                 BIN  뢠
                                                ᫥⥫쭮 0
                                                 1 , ।⠢
                                                  筮 ।
                                                ⠢ ᫠, -
                                                ஥ 뢠 
                                                .

        CHR$    ᫮                           ᨬ 祩  ।-
                                                ⠢ ᫮ ,-
                                                㣫  
                                                 楫.
        CODE    ப ᨬ                  ࢮ  ᨬ
                                                 ப  ( 0,
                                                  -  ப

        COS     ᫮  ࠤ                ᨭ 

        EXP             ᫮                   E  ⥯ 


        FN                                     FN  ᫥饩 -
                                                뢠  ।-
                                                 짮⥫
                                               㭪 (.DEF). -
                                               㬥  ⮣ -
                                                   -
                                               祭  ᪮, -
                                                  ᫨  㬥⮢
                                               , ᪮  ࠢ
                                                ⢮.

                                -126-

        IN              ᫮                  १   -
                                                ஢  -
                                                (0<=<=FFFF--
                                               筮)(-
                                                   ॣ஢
                                               BC 祭   
                                                 ᥬ -
                                                 A/C/).

        INKEY$                              ⠥ .-
                                                ࠢ ᨬ
                                               ।⠢饬( -
                                                L  G) 
                                               ,᫨ ⢨-
                                               쭮 ⠪ 뫮, 
                                               ⨢ 砥 -
                                               ⮬   
                                                ப.

        INT     ᫮                          楫  ( 㣫
                                                ᥣ   
                                               ஭ ).

        LEN     ப ᨬ                 ப

        LN      ᫮                          ࠫ  
                                                ᭮ ,訡
                                               , ᫨ <=0.

        NOT     ᫮                         0,᫨ <>0,1,᫨ =0
                                                4 ਮ-
                                              .

        OR      ᪠ ,                 1,᫨ <>0
                ࠭ - ᫠               A OR B=<
                                                       L A, ᫨ =0

        PEEK    ᫮                          祭    -
                                                  , -
                                               㣫  -
                                                楫. 訡 
                                               ᫨ 0>  >65535.

        PI                                  PI (3.14159265...)

        POINT            㬥   Y    1, ᫨   -
                         ᫠, 祭-   ࠦ  (,Y) -
                          ᪮.          쭮 梥, 0,-
                                                 㬠 梥.
                                               訡 , ᫨  -
                                               
                                                   0<=<=255   
                                                   0<=Y<=175

        RND                                 ᫥饥  ᥢ-
                                                ᫮  ᫥-
                                               ⥫쭮,-
                                               㥬 ⨥ ⥯-
                                                75   65537
                                                ⠭ 1   -
                                                 65536
                                                   (0<=Y<=1)

                                -127-

        SCREEN$          㬥 X  Y    ᨬ,  -
                         ᫠, 祭-     ⥫-
                          ᪮.           ࠭  ப 
                                                  Y ( ᨬ
                                                  
                                               ஢).
                                                 ப , ᫨
                                                 ᯮ.
                                               訡 , ᫨  -
                                               
                                                0<=<=23  0<=Y<=31

        SGN             ᫮                  : ⥫-
                                                ᥫ -1, -
                                                0, ⥫-
                                                ᥫ +1.

        SIN             ᫮  ࠤ       ᨭ 

        SQR             ᫮                   ७
                                               訡 A, ᫨ <0

        STR$            ᫮                  ப  ᨬ, -
                                                 
                                               ந,᫨ 
                                               ⠥.

        TAN             ᫮  ࠤ       ⠭ 

        USR             ᫮                  뢠  ࠬ
                                                設 , -
                                                 砫   ன
                                                .  
                                                 ᮮ⢥-
                                                ᮤন 
                                               ஢ .
        USR             ப                  蠡  
                                               । 짮-
                                               ⥫  ᪮
                                               , ᮮ⢥-
                                               饣 .
                                               訡 A, ᫨    
                                                 㪢
                                                A  U  
                                                ।
                                               짮⥫ ᨬ-
                                               .

        VAL             ப                 業  (  
                                               ࠭稢  -
                                               )  ᫮ -
                                               .
                                               訡 , ᫨   -
                                               ন ᨭ⠪
                                               訡    -
                                                ப.  -
                                                  ࠦ
                                                 㣨
                                               訡.

                                -128-

        VAL$            ப                 業  (  
                                               ࠭稢  -
                                               ) ப -
                                               .
                                               訡 , ᫨   -
                                               ন ᨭ⠪
                                               訡.    VAL
                                                 . 訡

        -               ᫮                  栭

                 ᫥  樨:

        +       ᫮  ᥫ  ⥭ ( ᫨ ) 
                ப.
        -       ⠭
        *       㬭
        /       
"५ "   ⥯. 訡 , ᫨    ࠭
                ⥫.
        =                    !  ࠭    
        >        祬        ! .  ࠢ ,-
        <        祬        !   ࠢ  㤮⢮, 
        <=        ࠢ  ! , ᫨  ࠢ  㤮-
        >=        ࠢ  ! .
        <>       ࠢ          !

                    ਮ 㭪権  権
 ------------------------------------------------------------------
:                                            :  ਮ  :
 ------------------------------------------------------------------
     १                                   12
    㭪樨  ᪫祭 NOT  㭠୮
   栭                                                11
   "५ "                                           10
   㭠୮ 栭 (.. ᯮ ⮫쪮
    ࠧ ⥫쭮 ᫠                      9
   *,/                                                       8
   +,- ( ᯮ  ⠭  -
          㣮)                                       6
   =, >, <, <=, >=, <>                                       5
   NOT                                                       4
   AND                                                       3
   OR                                                        2
--------------------------------------------------------------------

                     ।   ᯨ᪥
        ""         ।⠢  㪢;
        V               ।⠢ ६ ;
        X,Y,Z           ।⠢ ᫮ ࠦ;
        M,N             ।⠢ ᫮ ࠦ,  -
                        㣫  襣 楫;
        E               ।⠢ ࠦ;
        F               ।⠢ ப, 業 ࠦ;
        S               ।⠢  ᫥⥫쭮 ।,
                        ⤥塞 ﬨ;
                       ।⠢  ᫥⥫쭮  ⮢
                        , 祬    ⤥ -
                        ⮩    窮  ⮩.   梥
                          । PAPER,  INK,  FLASH,
                        BRIGHT, INVERSE  OVER.

                                -129-

        ⨬,  ந ࠦ ᪠   -
祭  ப  砫 ।.
         ।, ஬ INPUT, DEF  DATA,   ᯮ-
  ⢥      ணࠬ (    訩
    ࠢ  㣨 ).   ப ணࠬ
  ᪮쪮 ।,⤥ 稥 ":". -
  ࠭祭  ᯮ  । ।-
                 ( .  IF  REM).
        BEEP X,Y        㪮 ᨣ  ஬⥫  -
                          ᥪ㭤   ⮭ Y ⮭ 
                        ।  (  । , ᫨ Y -
                        ⥫);
        BORDER M        ⠭ 梥  ࠭  ࠭,  ⠪
                        㬠 梥    ࠭.
                        訡 , ᫨     0  7.
        BRIGHT          ⠭ મ ᫥⥫쭮  -
                        ⠥ ᨬ, N=0  筮  મ, 1
                         襭 મ, 8  ஧筮.
                        訡 , ᫨ N  ࠢ 0,1  8;
        CAT              ࠡ⠥  த᪮  ..
        CIRCLE X,Y,Z    稢 㣨 㦭⥩  業஬  X, Y
                        ࠤᮬ Z;
        CLEAR           ࠥ  ६, ᢮  -
                           ࠭⢮, ⠢  
                        RESTORE  CLS   PLOT  
                         㣮 ࠭  頥 ⥪ ணࠬ.
        CLEAR N          CLEAR,       
                        RAMTOP  N  ⠭ ⠬    ⥪
                        GO SUB;
        CLOSE #          ࠡ⠥  த᪮  ..
        CLS             ( ⪠ ࠭ ). ࠥ  ந
                        ;
        CONTINUE        த  믮  ணࠬ, 稭 
                        ⮣ , ஬ ணࠬ 뫠 ⠭-
                          - ᮮ饭,஬ ᮮ饭
                        0.᫨ ᮮ饭 뫮 9  L, த
                        ॠ  ᫥饣 ।,ਭ-
                           室,  ⨢ 砥
                        ॠ த  ।,  -
                        ஬   訡.
                        ᫨ ᮮ饭 ந諮  ᮮ⢥⢨  -
                         ப,   CONTINUE  㤥
                         ⢨ 横,᫨ 訡  0:1,
                        㤥  ᮮ饭 0, ᫨ 訡 뫠 
                        0:2   訡 N, ᫨    뫠  0:3
                         .
                         CONTINUE   CONT  -
                        ;
        COPY            뫠  孨 22 ப  ᯫ  
                        饥 ன⢮,᫨  ᮥ,
                         ⨢ 砥 祣  . ⨬
                          COPI     ᯮ짮
                         ᯥ⪨ ⮬᪨ ᮧ -
                        ⨭,    ࠭.
                         ⨨  BREAK  ᮮ-
                         D;
        DATA E1,E2,...   ᯨ᪠ ,    ணࠬ;

                                        -130-

DEF FN A(1,...,)=   ।  㭪樨 ।塞 짮-
                        ⥫,  室  ணࠬ.
                          A  A1-AK    -
                         (),  㪢 ()  ᫥-
                        訬   $   ப  㬥 
                        १.
                         ⢨ 㬥  ᫥ -
                           DEF FN A( )= E;
        DELETE F         ࠡ⠥  த᪮  ..
DIM A(N1,...,NK)        ࠥ  ᨢ   A  ⠭-
                         ᨢ A ᥫ  ࠧ୮ﬨ N1,..,NK
                        ⠭  祭  0;
DIM A$(N1,...,NK)       ࠥ  ᨢ  ப   A$ 
                        ⠭ ᨢ ᨬ   ࠧ୮-
                        ﬨ N1,..,NK,⠭  祭  "".
                          ᬠਢ   ᨢ  ப
                        䨪஢   -1 ࠧ୮ﬨ
                        N1,...,NK-1;
                        ᫨  室   
                        ⮣ ᨢ,   訡 4.ᨢ
                         ।   ,   㤥
                        ᢮ ࠧ୮ । DIM;
        DRAW X,Y        稢 X,Y,0
        DRAW X,Y,Z      稢   ⥪饩 樨 䨪
                        ६ ਧ⠫쭮    ⨪쭮
                         Y  ⮬   㣮 Z.
                         室  ࠭  訡  ;
        ERASE            ࠡ⠥  த᪮  ..
        FLASH           । 娢 ᨬ    -
                        ⢨ 娢, N=0 - 娢  -
                        , N=1 - 娢 , N=8 - -
                        ⢨ ;
FOR A=X TO Y              A=X  Y  蠣 1;
FOR A=X TO Y STEP Z     ࠥ     ६ A  -
                         ࠢ ६  祭-
                         X,  ࠭祭 祭 Y  -
                          横  蠣 Z,    뫪 
                        ।, ᫥饥  । FOR .
                        ஢,   ࢮ砫쭮 祭
                        ࠭⥫ Y (᫨ 蠣>=0)    
                        (᫨ 蠣<0),  ᫨  ⠪,  室 
                        । NEXT A,  訡,᫨  -
                        . .। NEXT.
                        ᫨      ࠢ饩 -
                        ,  訡 4.

        FORMAT F         ࠡ⠥  த᪮  ..
        GOSUB N         뢠  ப । GOSUB  
                        ⥪,  ࠡ⠥  GO TO N.
                        ᫨  筮  ᫥  ।
                        RETURN,  訡 4.
        GO TO N         室  ப N , ᫨    -
                         ப ᫥ ;
        IF X THEN S     ᫨  ⨭ ( ), 믮. -
                        ⨬, S ᮤন  ।  -
                         ப. ଠ "IF X THEN  ப" 
                        ᪠;

                                -131-

        INK N           ⠭ ୨ (梥 㪢  ᨬ-
                        ) 梥 ᫥⥫쭮 ⠥ -
                        ⮢.ࠬ N   0  7  梥-
                        , N=8  筮  9   -
                        . . ⥫  ࠭  ਫ
                        . ᫨ N   0 - 9,  
                        訡 K.
        INPUT           ᫥⥫쭮'...'⮢ INPUT ,ࠧ-
                             । PRINT 묨
                         䠬. ⮬ । INPUT
                         
                        1.   । PRINT,  -
                        騩  㪢;
                        2.  ६
                        3. LINE   ६ ப ⨯.
                         । PRINT  ࠧ⥫  1
                        ࠡ뢠 筮  ⠪,    ।-
                         PRINT  ᪫祭 ⮣,   -
                        ⠥    ࠭.
                         砥 2 .設 ⠭  
                         ࠦ  , ⮬ -
                         ⮣ ࠦ ᢠ ६.
                            ᯮᮡ  ᨭ⠪-
                        ᪨ 訡   娢騩 ᨣ (?).
                         ࠦ ப ⨯ 室  
                        ⠭  室   -
                        ,⮡  ᮤঠ   ப  窨,
                             室.
                        ᫨  ᨬ    STOP,
                        ணࠬ ⠭  訡  . -
                        砩 (3) 祭  (2)  ᪫祭
                        ⮣,    ࠡ뢠  ப
                        ࠫ   祪    堭  
                        STOP  ࠡ⠥, ⮬   ⢫
                        ⠭ .設 室  ( -
                         "५ ");
        INVERSE N       ࠢ ᨥ ᫥⥫쭮 ⠥-
                         ᨬ. ᫨  N=0, ᨬ  
                         筮 ᨣ, ୨ 梥
                         㬠 梥. ᫨ N=1, ᨬ -
                          ᭮ ᨣ, 㬠
                        梥  ୨쭮 梥.  . 
                        ࠭  ਫ  . ᫨ N  ࠢ  0,
                         1,   訡 .
        LET V=E         ᢠ ६  祭 V.
                        LET    饭.  ६
                         ।   ,   㤥
                        ᢮    LET, READ  INPUT.
                        ᫨ V    ஢  ப
                        ६  १ ப ६-
                         (ப), ᢠ ।-
                         䨪஢  (ப⮢ )
                        ப 祭   ᥪ,  -
                         ஡  ࠢ   ࠧ
                        ⮩ , । ६ V;
        LIST            ᮪ 0;
        LIST N          뤠 ᯨ᮪ ப ணࠬ  孥 -
                         ࠭,稭  ࢮ ப,  -
                        ன  襩   ࠢ  N  ࠧ N
                        ⥪ ப;
        LLIST           ᮪ 0  饣 ன⢠;
        LLIST N         筮  LIST,  ᯮ -
                        饥 ன⢮;


                                -132-


     LOAD F             㦠 ணࠬ  ६;
     LOAD F DATA( )     㦠 ᫮ ᨢ;
     LOAD F AA$( )    㦠 ᨬ ᨢ $;
     LOAD F CODE M,N    㦠  襩  N ⮢ , 稭
                        㧪   ;
     LOAD F CODE M      㦠 ,稭 㧪   ;
     LOAD CODE            㧪 ⮢  
                         ஬  ࠭;
     LOAD F SCREEN$     LOAD F CODE 16384,6912
                        ⢫  䠩  ॡ㥬 ⨯ 
                        ⭮   㦠   ᨬ-
                          । ᨩ  .
                        . 20;
        LPRINT          筮  PRINT, ᯮ -
                        饥 ன⢮;
        MERGE F         筮 । LOAD F,   -
                          ணࠬ ப  ६ 
                        ᪫祭 ⮣, ࠧ   
                        ப, ⠢       ப
                         ;
        MOVE F1,F2       ࠡ⠥  த᪮  ..
        NEW             ᪠ ⥬ BASIC ,  ண-
                        ࠬ  ६  ᯮ    
                        ,   ண  ࠢ ⥬  RAMBOT
                         ,   ࠭  ⥬  ६
                        UDG, PRAMT, RASP  PIP;
        NEXT A          1. 室 ࠢ ६ A;
                        2.   蠣   祭;
                        3. ᫨ 蠣 >=0  祭  ࠭-
                          蠣< 0  祭  ࠭⥫,
                         ⢫ 室  । 横.
                        ᫨  ६ ,  訡-
                         2.
                        ᫨  ६,      
                        ࠢ饩,   訡 1.

        OPEN#            ࠡ⠥  த᪮  ..

        OUT M,N         뢮  N     ୮ -
                        . ( 㦠  ॣ஢  祭
                        , ࣨ  祭  N   ࠧ 
                        몠 ᥬ: OUT (C),A.)
                        ᫨  믮 0<=M<=65535 
                                         -255<=N<=255 ,  -
                         訡 .

        OVER N          ࠢ ⪠    ᫥⥫쭮
                        ⠥ ᨬ.
                        ᫨ N=0,   ᨬ  ।騥,
                        ᯮ   .
                        ᫨ N=1,    ᨬ  ᬥ訢  
                        묨 , ᫨    ᨬ 
                         梥  㬠,  ୨-
                        ,     ᨬ ᢠ-
                         ୨ 梥 (   ). .
                        ⥫ ࠭  ਫ .
                        ᫨ N  ࠢ   0,   1,   
                        訡 .

        PAPER N         筮  INK, ࠢ 㬠-
                         (䮭) 梥⮬.

                                -133-

        PAUSE N         ⠭  ᫨⥫   -
                        ந ந  䠩  N ஢
                        (50 ஢  ᥪ㭤  60 ஢  ᥪ㭤
                         ᥢ୮ ਪ)    ,   
                        㤥  - . ᫨  -
                          0<=N<=65435,   訡
                        . ᫨ N=0, 㧠    ६-
                        ,   ,   㤥   -
                         .

        PLOT C,M,N      ⠥ ⭮ ୨쭮 梥 (稭
                        ࠬ OVER  INVERSE)  -
                         (!!,!N!)  ६頥  䨪.
                        ᫨ ⮫쪮  梥      㪠뢠
                        㣮, ୨ 梥  樨  ᨬ,
                        ᮤঠ饣   ࠦ,-
                          ⥪騩 ﭭ ୨ 梥,
                         ⠫ ࠬ (㬠 梥,-
                        뭨  મ)   .
                        ᫨  믮 0<=!!<=255 
                                            0<=!N!<=175, -
                         訡 B.

        POKE M,N        뢠 祭 N      -
                        ᮬ .
                        ᫨  믮 0<=<=65535 
                                         -255<=N<=255,  
                        訡 B.

        PRINT...        ᫥⥫쭮 "..." ⮢ 
                        PRINT ⤥ 묨,窠  묨
                         䠬,  ⮬  뢠-
                          ந 䠩  뢮  -
                         ࠭.
                        窠  ⮩   ⠬ -
                          ﭨ  뢠.   뢮
                        ࠢ騩 ᨬ (,),     뢮
                        ᨬ ENTER.  PRINT  :
                        1., ..  祣;
                        2.᫮ ࠦ - ᫨ 稭  -
                        ⥫쭠,  ᭠砫 ⠥  .
                           㫥 -  -
                        .      -5        12
                        ᫨  <=10  >=10 ,   ᯥ뢠
                         筮 樨(⥬᪨ 祭)
                           쬨   (  㫥
                        墮)    (  
                        稨  ) ᫥ ࢮ . -
                        ⥫ ⥯ । 㪢   -
                        騬  +  -, ᫥  ᫥-
                          ࠧ鸞.
                         ⨢ 砥  ᯥ뢠  -
                         筮 ଥ   騬 -
                        ࠬ   㫥 墮 ᫥ 筮 -
                        . ᫥ 筮 窨  ࠢ  ᥣ 
                        砫 ⠢ 0, ਬ,.03  0.3 ᯥ-
                        ⠥ ⠪   ᠭ.
                        0 ⠥    0.
                        3.ப ࠦ;
                        ⥫   ப  ,
                          ஡   ᫥.

                                -134-

                        ࠢ騥 ᨬ   ᢮  ࠢ饥
                        ⢨.
                        ᯮ ᨬ ᯥ뢠  ?.
                        4. AT M,N
                        뢮 ᨬ ࠢ  AT   ᫥騬
                        ⮬   ( ப)  ⮬    N
                        ( ).
                        5. TAB N
                        뢮 ࠢ騩 ᨬ TAB  ᫥-
                          ⠬  N (   訩
                        )  ⠭ ⠡.
                        6.⮢ ⮬,ਭ騬  PAPER
                        INK, FLASH, BRIGHT, INVERSE  OVER.

        RANDOMIZE       RANDOMIZE 0

        RANDOMIZE N     ⠭ ⥬ ६ (뢠-
                         SEED),ᯮ㥬  樨 ᫥-
                        饣 祭  RND.
                        ᫨ N<>0,⥬ ६  SEED  뤠
                        祭 N, ᫨ N=0,   뤠  祭
                        㣮 ⥬ ६ (. FRAMES),
                         ⠥ ᫮ ஢,ந
                         ⥫  ࠭,   ⮬  
                          ⥫쭮 ⥯ 砩.
                           RANDOMIZE  
                         RAND.
                        ᫨ N   0-65535,   
                        訡 .

        READ V1,V2..VN  ᢠ 祭  ६,  ᯮ
                        ᫥⥫ ࠦ  ᯨ᪥ DATA.
                        ᫨ ࠦ ࠢ쭮 ⨯, -
                         訡 C.
                        ᫨  ⥭  ⠫  ६, 
                        ᯨ᮪ DATA 騫,  訡 

        REM '...'        뢠  ﭨ.  '...' 
                          ⠭    ᫥⥫쭮
                        ᨬ,  ᪫祭  ENTER.
                        ਩     稥, ⮬
                         ।  ᫥ ।-
                         REM  ⮩  ப.

        RESTORE         RESTORE 0

        RESTORE N       ⠭ 㪠⥫ DATA (  ) 
                        ࢮ । DATA  ப   ஬,
                        ࠢ  ࠩ  N: ᫥饥 ।
                         READ 筥 ⥭  ⮬ .

        RETURN           뫪  । 室 ⥪  GO
                        SUB  ⢫ 室  ப ᫥ 
                        .
                          । 뫪  ⥪,-
                         訡 7. 襩 ணࠬ  訡
                        : ᫮ GO SUB  ᮮ⢥   RE-
                        TURN.

        RUN             RUN 0

                                -135-

        RUN N            CLEAR,  ⥬  GO TO N.

        SAVE F          ࠭ ணࠬ  ६.

        SAVE F LINE M   ࠭ ணࠬ  ६,⮬ 
                         㧪 ᮢ蠥 ⮬᪨ -
                        室  ப M.

        SAVE F DATA ()  ࠭ ᫮ ᨢ.

        SAVE F DATA$()  ࠭ ᨬ ᨢ $.

        SAVE F CODE M,N ࠭ N ⮢, 稭   .

        SAVE F SCREEN$  ,   SAVE F CODE 16384,6912
                          ࠭ ଠ  ,  
                           F.
                        ᫨ F      11   
                        ᨬ,  訡 F. . . 20

        STOP            ⠭ ணࠬ  ᮮ饭 9.
                         CONTINUE  १    ᫥騬
                        த.

        VERIFY          筮  LOAD  ᪫祭 -
                        ,    㦠    
                        쭮 롮મ, ࠢ  묨,
                         㦥 ⠬ 室. ᫨   ࠢ
                         । ࠧ ,  
                        ᮮ饭 R.

                                -136-

                        ਫ D.

                ਬ ணࠬ

         ਫ ᮤন ᪮쪮 ਬ ணࠬ, -
  ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM.
        ࢮ   ணࠬ 室    ⮣,
⮡   ,  ᮮ⢥ ⮩ .

        10 REM CONVERT DATE TO DAY
        20 DIM D$ (7,6): REM DAYS OF WEEK
        30 FOR N=1 TO 7: READ D$ (N): NEXT N
        40 DIM M(12): REM LENGTHS OF MONTHS
        50 FOR N=1 TO 12: READ M(N): NEXT N

       100 REM INPUT DATE
       110 INPUT  "DAY?" ; DAY
       120 INPUT  "MONTH ?" ;MONTH
       130 INPUT  "YEAR ( 20-TH CENTURY ONLY)?"; YEAR
       140 IF YEAR<1901 THEN PRINT  "20-TH CENTURY STARTS AT 1901" ;
           GO TO 100
       150 IF YEAR>2000  THEN  PRINT  "20-TH CENTURY ENDS AT 2000";
           GO TO 100
       160 IF MONTH<1 THEN GO TO 210
       170 IF MONTH>12 THEN GO TO 210
       180 IF YEAR/4-INT(YEAR/4)=0 THEN LET M(2)=29:REM LEAP YEAR
       190 IF DAY>M ( MONTH ) THEN PRINT "THIS MONTH HAS ONLY";
           M ( MONTH ); "DAYS." : GO TO 500

       200 IF DAY>0 THEN GO TO 300
       210 PRINT "STUFF AND NONSENSE, GIVE ME A REAL DATE."
       220 GO TO 500

       300 REM CONVERT DATE TO NUMBER OF DAYS SINCE START OF CENTURY
       310 LET Y=YEAR-1901
       320 LET B=365*Y+INT (Y/4):REM NUMBER OF DAYS TO START OF YEAR
       330 FOR N=1 TO MONTH-1: REM ADD ON PREVIOUS MONTH
       340 LET B=B+M(N): NEXT N
       350 LET B=B+DAY

       400 REM CONVERT TO DAY OF WEEK
       410 LET B=B-7*INT (B/7)+1
       420 PRINT DAY; "/"; MONTH; "/" ;YEAR
       430 FOR N=6 TO 3 STEP -1: REM REMOVE TRALLING SPACES
       440 IF D$(B,N) <>" " THEN GO TO 460
       450 NEXT N
       460 LET A$=D$(B TO N)
       470  PRINT "IS A"; A$;"DAY"

       500 LET M(2)=28: REM RESTORE FEBRUARY
       510 INPUT "AGAIN?",A$
       520 IF A$="N" THEN GO TO 540
       530 IF A$<>"N" THEN GO TO 100

      1000 REM DAYS OF WEEK
      1010 DATA "MON","TUES","WEDNES"
      1020 DATA "THURS","FRI","SATUR","SUN"

      1100 REM LENGHTS OF MONTHS
      1110 DATA 31,28,31,30,31,30
      1120 DATA 31,31,30,31,30,31

                                -137-


        10 -८ࠧ   ; 20 - ; 40 -⥫-
 楢; 100 - ; 300 -८ࠧ   ᫮ 
 砫 ; 320 -᫮   砫 ; 330 - ।-
 楢; 400 -८ࠧ   ; 430 -㤠 -
 墮; 500 -⠭ 䥢ࠫ; 1000 - ; 1100 -
⥫쭮 楢.
          ணࠬ ࠢ ठ, ⠬  .

        10 INPUT "YARDS?",YD,"FEET?",FT,"INCHES?",IN
        40 GO SUB 2000: REM PRINT THE VALUES
        50 PRINT "  =  ";
        70 GO SUB 1000: REM THE ADIUSTATMENT
        80 GO SUB 2000: REM PRINT THE ADIUSTED VALUES
        90 PRINT

       100 GO TO 10

      1000 REM SUBROUTINE TO ADIUST YD,FT,IN TO THE NORMAL FORM  FOR
           YARDS, FEET AND INCHES
      1010 LET IN=36*YD+12*FT+IN: REM POW EVERYTHING IS IN INCHES
      1030 LET S=SGN IN: LET IN=ABS IN:REM WE WORK WITH IN POSITIVE,
           HOLDING ITS SIGN IN S
      1060 LET FT=INT(IN/12): LET IN=(IN-12*FT)*S: REM NEW IN IS OK
      1080 LET YD=INT(FT/3)*S: LET FT=FT*S-3*YD: RETURN

      2000 REM SUBROUTINE TO PRINT YD,FT AND IN
      2010 PRINT YD;"YD"; FT;"FT"; IN;"IN";; RETURN

        40 - 祭; 70 -ࠢ; 80 - ࠢ
祭; 1000 -ணࠬ  ࠢ म, ⮢,  
ଠ쭮 ଥ; 1030 - ࠡ⠥  ⥫묨 祭ﬨ,䨪-
   S; 1060 -⥯   浪; 2000 -ணࠬ  
 म, ⮢  .
        ணࠬ  ᠭ .  ᮦ  -
  ᢥ ,      ᯮ.

         5 RANDOMIZE
        10 FOR M=1 TO 6: REM FOR 6 THROWNS
        20 LET C=0: REM INITIALIZE COIN TOTAL TO 0
        30 FOR N=1 TO 3: REM FOR 3 COINS
        40 LET C=C+2+INT(2*RND)
        50 NEXT N
        60 PRINT "   "
        70 FOR N=1 TO 2: REM 1-ST FOR THE THROWNS HEXAGRAM, 2-ND FOR
           THE CHANGES
        80 PRINT "______"
        90 IF C=7 THEN PRINT "_"
       100 IF C=8 THEN PRINT " "
       110 IF C=6 THEN PRINT "X";:LET C=7
       120 IF C=9 THEN PRINT "0";:LET C=8
       130 PRINT "______"
       140 NEXT N
       150 PRINT
       160 INPUT A$
       170 NEXT M: NEW

        10 -  ᠭ; 20 -⠭   0   㬬;
30 -  ᠭ; 70 -ࢮ 祭  ᠣࠬ ᠭ,
஥ 祭  .

                                -138-

          ணࠬ  ॠ  ண, ⥬  
 ENTER  ࠧ  祭  ᠣࠬ. ᬮ -
 ⠩᪮  .  ⮬ ⥪ ᠭ   -
⢨, ᮮ⢥饥 ⮩ 樨.    ⥫쭮  㬠
   ࠫ  ⥬, ᠭ  襩 ᮡ⢥-
 ࠪ⨪. ,   ENTER  ⮩ ࠧ  ணࠬ
 ᠬ ᥡ -   ९⢮  訬  ந
⢨.
        ,   ⥪ ᥣ  室  -
樨, 祬    ⮣   蠭;    -
   襩 ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM. 筮 ᫨⥫  設
  蠭ᠬ.
         ।⠢ ணࠬ   "".  뢠
- ⭮,  ᫨⥫쭠 設 ⠥ 㣠, 
 㬠,   ,     ⢥ ""
 "".᫨ ᫨⥫쭠 設   "蠫"  㬠-
  ⭮,     ⮬,  㤥 ᯮ-
  ᫥騩 ࠧ,     ⭮.

          5 REM RANGOLINS
         10 LET NQ=100: REM NUMBER OF QUESTION AND ANIMALS
         15 DIM Q$(NQ,50): DIM A(NQ,2): DIM R$(1)
         20 LET QF=8
         30 FOR N=1 TO QF/2-1
         40 READ Q$(N): READ A(N,1): READ A(N,2)
         50 NEXT N
         60 FOR N=N TO QF-1
         70 READ Q$(N): NEXT N
        100 REM START PLAYING
        110 PRINT "THINK OF AN ANIMAL,","PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTUNIE."
        120 PAUZE 0
        130 LET C=1: REM START WITH 1-ST QUESTION
        140 IF A(S,1)=0 THEN GO TO 300
        150 LET P$=Q$(C): GO SUB 910
        160 PRINT "?"; GO SUB 1000
        170 LET IN=1: IF R$="Y" THEN GO TO 210
        180 IF R$="Y" THEN GO TO 210
        190 LET IN=2: IF R$="N" THEN GO TO 210
        200 IF R$<>"N" THEN GO TO 150
        210 LET C=A(C,IN): GO TO 140
        300 REM ANIMAL
        310 PRINT "ARE YOU THINKING OF"
        320 LET P$=Q$(C): GO SUB 900: PRINT "?"
        330 GO SUB 1000
        340 IF RS="Y" THEN GO TO 400
        350 IF RS="" THEN GO TO 400
        360 IF RS="N" THEN GO TO 500
        370 IF RS="" THEN GO TO 500
        380 PRINT "ANSWER ME PROPERLY WHEN I'M "," TLKING TO YU."
                   GO TO 300
        400 REM QUASSED IT
        410 PRINT "I THOUGHT AS MUCH.": GO TO 800
        500 REM NEW ANIMAL
        510 IF GT>NQ-1 THEN PRINT "I'M SURE YOUR ANIMAL  IS  VERY" .
            "INTERESTING,BUT I DON'T HAVE","ROOM FOR IT JUST NOW." :
            GO TO 800
        520 LET QS(QT)- QS(C):REM MOVE OLD ANIMAL
        530 PRINT "WHAT IS IT, THEN?": INPUT QS(QT+1)
        540 PRINT "TELL ME A QUESTION WICH DIST.","INGUISHES
                   BETWEEN"
        550 LET P$=Q$(QT):GO SUB 900: PRINT "AND"
        560 LET P$=Q$(QT+1): GO SUB 900: PRINT " "

                               -139-


        570 INPUT S$: LET B=LEN S$
        580 IF S$(B)="?" THEN LET B=B-1
        590 LET Q$(C)=S$(TO B): REM INSERT QUESTION
        600 PRINT "WHAT IS THE ANSWER FOR"
        610 LET P$=Q$(QT+1): GO SUB 900: PRINT "?"
        620 GO SUB 1000
        630 LET IN=1: LET IC=2: REM ANSWERS FOR NEW AND OLD ANIMALS
        640 IF R$="Y" THEN GO TO 700
        650 IF R$="" THEN GO TO 700
        660 LET IN=2: LET IC=1
        670 IF R$="N" THEN GO TO 700
        680 IF R$="" HN GO TO 700
        690 PRINT "THAT'S NO GOOD.": GO TO 600
        700 REM UPDATE ANSWERS
        710 LET A(C,IN)=QT+1: LET A(C,IC)=QT
        720 LET QT=QT+2: REM NEXT FREE ANIMAL SPACE
        730 PRINT "THAT FOOLED ME."
        800 REM AGAIN?
        810 PRINT "DO YOU WANT ANOTHER GO?":GO SUB 1000
        820 IF R$="Y" THEN GO TO 100
        830 IF R$="" THEN GO TO 100
        840 STOP
        900 REM PRINT WITHOUT TRAILING SPACES
        905 PRINT " "
        910 FOR N=50 TO 1 STEP -1
        920 IF P$(N)<>" " THEN GO 940
        930 NEXT N
        940 PRINT P$(TO N);:RETURN
       1000 REM GET REPLY
       1010 INPUT R$:IF R$="" THEN RETURN
       1020 LET R$=R$(1): RETURN
       2000 REM INITIAL ANIMALS
       2010 DATA "DOES IT LIVE IN THE SEA".4.2
       2020 DATA "IS IT SEALY".3.5
       2030 DATA "DOES IT EAT ANTS".6.7
       2040 DATA "A WAT","A BLANCHIANGE","A PANGOLIN","AN ANT"

3- ; 10- ᫮ ᮢ  ; 100- 砫 ;  130- -
砫    ᮬ;  300- ⭮;  400- 㣠  ⭮ ;
500-  ⭮; 520- ६饭  ண  ⭮; 590- 
; 630- ⢥    ண  ; 700- 
⢥⮢; 720- ࠭⢮  ᫥  ; 800- ᭮?;
900 - ᯥ⪠    ஡  墮 ; 1000 - 祭  ⢥ ;
2000- ࢮ 
         ।⠢ ணࠬ  ᮢ 䫠  '-
 ஫⢠

        5 REM UNION FLAG
       10 LET R=2; LET W=7; LET B=1
       20 BORDER 0: PAPER B: INK W: CLS
       30 INVERSE 1
       50 FOR N=40 TO 0 STEP -8
       60 PLOT PAPER 0,7,N: DRAW PAPER 0;241.8
       70 NEXT N: INVERSE 0
      100 REM DRAW IN WHITE PARTS
      105 REM ST. COURGE
      110 FOR N=0 TO 7
      120 PLOT 104+N,175: DRAW 0.-35
      130 PLOT 151-N,175: DRAW 0.-35
      140 PLOT 161-N,48 : DRAW 0. 35
      150 PLOT 104+N,48 : DRAW O. 35

                                -140-


      160 NEXT N
      200 FOR N=0 TO 11
      210 PLOT 0,139 "N: DRAW 111.0
      220 PLOT 255,139-N: DRAW -111.0
      230 PLOT 255,84+N : DRAW -111,0
      240 PLOT 0,84+N: DRAW 111,0
      250 NEXT N
      300 REM ST.ANDREW
      310 FOR N=1 TO 35
      320 PLOT 1+2" N,175-N: DRAW 32,0
      330 PLOT 224-2"N,175-N. DRAW 16,0
      340 PLOT 254-2"N,48+N: DRAW -32,0
      350 PLOT 17+2"N,48+N:  DRAW 16,0
      360 NEXT N
      370 FOR N=0 TO 19
      380 PLOT 185+2"N,140+N: DRAW 32,0
      390 PLOT 200+2"N,83-N: DRAW 16,0
      400 PLOT 39-2"N,83-N: DRAW 32,0
      410 PLOT 54-2"N,140+N: DRAW -16,0
      420 NEXT N
      425 REM TILL IN EXTRA BITS
      430 FOR N=0 TO 15
      440 PLOT 255,160+N: DROW 2"N-30.0
      450 PLOT 0,63-N:DROW 31-2"N,0
      460 NEXT N
      470 FOR N=0 TO 7
      480 PLOT 0,160+N: DROW 14-2"N,0
      485 PLOT 255,63-N: DROW 2"N-15,0
      490 NEXT N
      500 REM RED STRIPES
      510 INVERSE 1
      520 REM ST.GEORGE
      530 FOR N=96 TO 120 STEP 8
      540 PLOT PAPER R;7,N: DROW PAPER R;241,0
      550 NEXT N
      560 FOR N=112 TO 136 STEP 8
      570 PLOT PAPER R;N,160: DRAW PAPER R;0,-113
      580 NEXT N
      600 REM ST.PATRICK
      610 PLOT PAPER R;170,140: DRAW PAPER R; 70, 35
      620 PLOT PAPER R;179,140: DRAW PAPER R; 70, 35
      630 PLOT PAPER R;199, 83: DRAW PAPER R; 56,-28
      640 PLOT PAPER R;184, 83: DRAW PAPER R; 70,-35
      650 PLOT PAPER R; 86, 83: DRAW PAPER R;-70,-35
      660 PLOT PAPER R; 72, 83: DRAW PAPER R;-76,-35
      670 PLOT PAPER R; 56,140: DRAW PAPER R;-56, 28
      680 PLOT PAPER R; 71,140: DRAW PAPER R;-76, 35
      680 INVERSE 0: PAPER 0: INK 7

0 - 䫠 ' ஫⢠; 30 - ୮   ᭮ -
࠭; 100 - ᮢ  ⥩; 225 -  ⥫묨
⠬; 500 -  ;

        ᫨   ⠭,   ᮢ  ᢮  ᮡ⢥
䫠.ᮢ 梥⭮ 䫠 筮 ਢ쭮, -
  梥⮢, ਬ,࠭  ૠ᪮ 䫠, ⠢
㤭. ᫨  ਪ,    㤥  ᨬ *.
         ।⠢ ணࠬ   "".   騩
 ᫮,  㣮 ⣠뢠.

                                -141-


        5  HANDGMAN
       10 REM SET UP SCREEN
       20 INK 0: PAPER 7: CLS
       30 LET X=240: GO SUB 1000: REM DRAW MAN
       40 PLOT 238,128: DRAW 4,0: REM MOUTH

      100 REM SET UP WORD
      110 INPUT W$: REM WORD TO GUESS
      120 LET B=LEN W$: LET V$=" "
      130 FOR N=2 TO B: LET V$=V$+" "
      140 NEXT N: REM V$-WORD GUESSED SO FAR
      150 LET C=0: LET D=0: REM GUESS & MISTAKE COUNTS
      160 FOR N=0 TO B-1
      170 PRINT AT 20,N;"-";
      180 NEXT N: REM WRITE-S INSTEAD OF LETTERS

      200 INPUT "GUESS A LETTER:": G$
      210 IF G$=" " THEN GO TO 200
      220 LET G$=G$(1): REM 1-ST LETTER ONLY
      230 PRINT AT 0,C;G$
      240 LET C=C+1: LET U$=V$
      250 FOR N=1 TO B: REM UPDATE GUESSED WORD
      260 IF W$(N)=G$ THEN LET V$(N)=G$
      270 NEXT N
      280 PRINT AT 19,0;V$
      290 IF V$=W$ THEN GO TO 500: REM WORD GUESSED

      300 IF V$<>U$ THEN GO TO 200: REM GUESSED WAS RIGHT

      400 REM DRAW NEXT PART OF GALLOWS
      410 IF D=8 THEN GO TO 600: REM HANGED
      420 LET D=D+1
      430 READ X0,Y0,X,Y
      440 PLOT X0,Y0: DRAW X,Y
      450 GO TO 200

      500 REM  FREE MAN
      510 OVER 1: REM  RUB OUT MAN
      520 LET X=240: GO SUB 1000
      530 PLOT 238,128: DRAW 4,0: REM MOUTH
      540 OVER 0: REM REDRAW MAN
      550 LET X=146: GO SUB 1000
      560 PLOT 143,129: DRAW 6,0,PI/2: REM SMILE
      570 GO TO 800

      600 REM HANG MAN
      610 OVER 1: REM  RUB OUT FLOOR
      620 PLOT 255,65: DRAW -48,0
      630 DRAW 0,-48: REM OPEN TRAPDOOR
      640 PLOT 238,128: DRAW 4,0: REM RUB OUT MOUTH
      650 REM MOVE LIMBS
      655 REM ARMS
      660 PLOT 255,117: DRAW -15,-15: DRAW -15,15
      670 OVER 0
      680 PLOT 236,81: DRAW 4,21: DRAW 4,-21
      690 OVER 1:REM LEGS

      700 PLOT 255,66: DRAW -15,15: DRAW -15,-15
      710 OVER 0
      720 PLOT 236,60: DRAW 4,21: DRAW 4,-21

                                -142-

      730 PLOT 237,127: DRAW 6,0,-PI/2: REM FROWN
      740 PRINT AT 19,0;W$

      800 INPUT "AGAIN?";A$
      810 IF A$="" THEN GO TO 850
      820 LET A$=A$(1)
      830 IF A$="N" THEN STOP
      840 IF A$(1)="N" THEN STOP
      850 RESTORE: GO TO 5

     1000 REM DRAW MAN AT COLUMN X
     1010 REM HEAD
     1020 CIRCLE X,132,8
     1030 PLOT X+4,134: PLOT X-4,134: PLOT X,131
     1040 REM BODY
     1050 PLOT X,123: DRAW 0,-20
     1055 PLOT X,101: DRAW 0,-19
     1060 REM LEGS
     1070 PLOT X-15,66: DRAW 15,15: DRAW 15,-15
     1080 REM ARMS
     1090 PLOT X-15,117: DRAW 15,-15: DRAW 15,15

     1100 RETURN

     2000 DATA 120,65,135,0,184,65,0,91
     2000 DATA 168,65,16,16,184,81,16,-16
     2000 DATA 184,156,68,0,184,140,16,16
     2000 DATA 204,156,-20,-20,240,156,0,-16

5 - ; 10 - ⠭ ࠭; 30 - ᮢ 祫; 40 - ;
100 - ⠭ ᫮; 110 - ᫮  ⣠뢠; 140 - ⣠뢠-
 ᫮   ; 150 -  ⣠뢠  訡; 180 - -
 'S  㪢; 220 - ⮫쪮 ࢠ 㪢; 250 -  ⣠-
뢠 ᫮; 290 - ⣠뢠 ᫮; 300 - ⣠ 뫠 ࠢ
; 400 - ᮢ ᫥饩    ᨫ;  410 - 襭;
500 - ᢮ 祫; 510 - ࠭ 祫;  530 - ;  540 -
- ୮ ᮢ 祫; 560 - 롪; 600 - ; 610 --
࠭ ; 630 - ⨥ ; 640 - ࠭ 몠; 650- 㤠
筮⥩; 655 - 㪨; 690 - ; 1000 - ᮢ 祫  -
 ; 1010 - ; 1040 - ⥫; 1060 - ; 1080 - 㪨;

                                -143-

                ਫ 

                筠  ⭠筠 ⥬ ᫥

          ਫ 뢠 ,  ⠥ . 設,
ᯮ  ⥬ ᫥.
         設⢥ ய᪨ ࠭   ᯮ짮 -
   ॣ ⮢ ⮪. ਬ,  , 
  稭 ᪮쪮 ந쭮, ᪮ ᫠ ⠭-
  ॣ 㯯:
                20,21,22,...,29
                30,31,32,...,39
                40,41,42,...,49    ..
, ᫨  ந ࠡ᪨ ࠬ,   筮  -
㥬,     ⥬⨧஢묨.ᬮ-
  , ⢥ 稭 ⮣,   ᯮ㥬  
⥬ ᫥  ,     㪠   10 -
楢.
         ᯮ짮 筮 ⥬ ᫥  ᭮-
 10, .設 ਬ   ᫥  ᭮
2,'    ࠧ鸞  ,  ⮬  -
 ⥬,  뢠 ⭠筠 ⥬ ᫥
 ᭮ 16.  裡  ⥬,   ⮫쪮    
襩 ⥬ ᫥,   室   -
⥫ . ⢥  ⥫  ᯮ -
 A,B,C,D,E  F.,   ᫥ F.筮 ⠪,  ,
 楢 뢠 10  ᫠ ,⠪  .設 -
뢠 10  ᫠ ⭠.砫 ⭠筮 ⥬ -
᫥ 룫廊 筮 筮 ⥬ ᫥:

        ⭠筮             ᪮
        祭                      祭
           0                            
           1                            
           2                            
           3                            
           4                            
           .                               .
           .                               .
           .                               .

           9                            

,   砥:

           A                            
           B                            
           C                            
           D                            ਭ
           E                            ୠ
           F                            ⭠
          10                            ⭠
          11                            ᥬ
           .                               .
           .                               .
           .                               .

          19                             
          1A                             
          1B                             ᥬ
           .                               .
           .                               .

                                -144-

           .                               .

          9E                             줥 ᥬ
          9F                             줥 
          A0                             줥
          A1                             줥 
           .                               .
           .                               .
           .                               .

          B4                             ᥬ줥
           .                               .
           .                               .
           .                               .

          FE                             줥 
          FF                             줥 
         100                             줥 

        ᫨  ᯮ  ⭠    
 , 뢠 㪢 "N"   ᫠   "-
筮". ਬ,  ᫠  줥 ᥬ ᫥ -
 9N  ᪠ "   ⭠筮".
         ୮ 㤨  ⮣,     .設.
 ⢨⥫쭮 .設  ᥡ ⠪,    ⮫쪮
 , ।⠢騥 ᮡ  ஢  殮, ..0,
 ᮪ ஢  殮, ..1.  뢠 筮 -
⥬ ᫥    뢠 ⠬:⮬  ࠢ -
 0,  1.
           ࠧ ⥬:

        ᪮      筮      ⭠-      筮
        祭        祭        筮        祭
                                        祭

                    0               0               0  0000
                    1               1               1  0001
                     2               2              10  0010
                     3               3              11  0011
                  4               4             100  0100
                    5               5             101  0101
                   6               6             110  0110
                    7               7             111  0111
        ᥬ          8               8               1000
                  9               9               1001
                  10              A               1010
              11              B               1011
              12              C               1100
        ਭ      13              D               1101
        ୠ    14              E               1110
        ⭠      15              F               1111
        ⭠     16              10             10000

        릭 ⮬  ,  ⭠  ࠢ  ,
 ⢥ ⥯,⮬ ८ࠧ  筮 
⥬  ⭠  ⭮ ⢫ 쬠 .
         ८ࠧ ⭠筮 ᫠  筮 -
室   ⭠  ࠧ (  ⭠-
 ), ॢ⨢    , ᯮ ।⠢-
  ⠡.
         ८ࠧ 筮 ᫠  ⭠筮 -

                                -145-

室 ࠧ 筮 ᫮  㯯   ࠧ鸞  
稭 ࠢ ( ᠬ 襣 筮 ࠧ鸞),  ⥬ ८-
ࠧ  㯯  ⭠ .
         ⮩ 稭 ᯥ樠  뢠 ᫠,-
  .設, ᯮ ⭠ ,,ண -
,.設 ᯮ   .
          .設 筮 㯯  . 
  㯯஢ , ࠧ ,   .孨 -
 ᫮.    ᠭ   ⭠ ⮢
    ⭠      ।⠢ ᫠ 
0  65535.
        ᥣ ࠢ 8 ⠬, ᫮    ᨬ-
  ⨯ .設.
         BIN,  ᯮ      14, ᯥ稢
।⢮  ᥫ  筮 ଥ  ⥬ ZX-SPECTRUM:"BIN 0"
।⠢ 0,"BIN 1"।⠢ 1,"BIN 10" ।⠢   ..
         ⠪ ᯮ짮   ਬ ⮫쪮   0
 1, ⮬ ।⠢塞 ᫮   楫  ⥫
᫮, ਬ,     BIN -11  ⮣,⮡ ।-
⠢  ᫮ -3,   ⮣  -BIN 11. ஬ ⮣ ।-
⠢塞  筮 ଥ ᫮   ॢ 筮 
 65535, ..      ⭠ ⮢.
         ATTR   ᠬ  . ᫨   -
ࠧ १   ATTR        -
   쬨 .
          ࠢ 1  娢  0  ⢨  -
娢.
       ன  ࠢ 1  襭 મ  0  筮 -
 .
        騥      㬠 梥, ᠭ-
  筮 ଥ.
         ஬ ⮣    ᯮ    梥-
⮢, 祬  뢠   ᯮ    -
- ⨩  ᨭ 梥.
         ᮢᥬ   梥, ⮬    ࠧ
() ࠢ 0.⮬  ୮ 梥  ࠢ  筮  ଥ
0000  .
         梥: ,   ᨭ ।⠢  
⮬  .   筮 ଥ ᮮ⢥- 100, 010  001
 ६,   .
        ⠫ 梥  ﬨ   梥⮢, -
⮬    筮 ଥ     ⮢, ⠭
 .




