
. . ࡠ
Wi-Fi:
,   ⥫ ,  﫨 


 ⮩    ⢥⢥ ᯮ짮 ਠ,  㡫  ⮬.  ଠ  ᪫⥫쭮 ࠧ⥫ 楫.    ᫮⢥⢥  - ᫥⢨ ᯮ짮 ⮩   ࠪ᪨ 楫    .



 1.




 1.
஢ 孮

 ।        ଠ樮 ᠬ ਮ⠥   ୮.   㢥७  ᯥ⨢ ஢ 樨  祭 ᮪ 業  ࠤ裡   襭 ந⥫쭮 ᢮ 㤠.  ⤥ 易  ⨬ ஬ ४ 㬨  ॠ쭮 ᮢᥬ . ⠭ 뢭 ࠧ,   ஢   ஢ 孮   .
짮⥫ , ⮡ ஢ ⥬ ࠡ⠫ ,  ।᪠㥬 ⮨  ᯥ稢 ⥫  墠. , । ᥣ  뭪 襭   㤮⢮  ॡ.
 饥 ६ ࠧࠡ뢠 ⢮ ࠧ ஢ ⥬.   쭮  祢 ࠪ⨪   , 뭮  ⥬ ࠧ  ࠢ ७  । 짮⥫ ,    襭 㯭 裡   짮⥫.   ᠥ ᮪ ᪮ । ,   ⮬ ⭮襭  ।⨩ ࠧ ⠡  ⠢騪  让   ।⠢ 䨪஢ ࠤ⥬.  ,  ⠬,   ,  ⢮  ,  ᥣ ࠡ⠥  ஢. ᫨  ,  ᯮ  ।⨥,  墠祭 ࠤ樮묨 (묨) ப묨 㦡, ⮣  ਤ ᯮ짮 ஢ ⥬.
  ६,  쭠 祢  稫 ப ਬ ( 祬 ᢨ⥫  ⮢ ⥫䮭, ﭭ 騥 ࠡ  ᮢ頭), 㤨⥫쭮,    ४ 㬨  ஢ ⥩ ᠥ 㦡 ।   짮⥫. ࠡ뢠஢  쥣   ஡㧥 ᮧ ᭮   孮᪮ ॢ樨.   ᫥ 㬠,   ந 祭 ᪮. ⢥騥   ਫ  ⮫쪮 १ ᪮쪮 .
஢   ࠧ    ࠤ ⢨, । 뢠 ᮭ묨 (Prsonal Area Networks), ஢ , ⥬ 䨪஢ ࠤ㯠  ஢ ਠ쭮 ।  (WAN). ᮭ ஢  ᯮ  ࣠樨 ண ᮥ  ⤥묨 ⥫㠫묨 ன⢠. ஢  ࠡ    ᯥ稢 ᮪᪮⭮   ଠ樮 ᠬ  ᨬ쭮 쭮 裡 30   ஢.  ப প ந⥫ﬨ 祢 ⠭⮢  ᭨ 業      ப ࠭.     ⥬ 䨪஢ ࠤ㯠,  ᭮  ᠬ ࠧ 孮 ( ⮬ ᫥ ⭨)  ࠡ  業㥬  業㥬   (   ⥬ 뢠 ஢묨 DSL-⥬).  ,  ᭮ ஢ WAN-⥩, ।⠢ ᮡ ᫥饥  ⮢ ⥬,  ६   ॠ     .



 2.
ᮭ ஢ 

᫨      ଠ ,   ⭮,   㦥  ⭮ ।⢮ ᮭ쭮 ஢ ,   ࠪ ()  । .   祭   ⠪ ⠬. 稭 ⮣  ⮩   ⥯  騥 -孮 ⥫ 孨᪨ ࠭祭, ࠧ ᮧ   ਫ  ᫮ 짮 .
祬, ᫨ ᮭ쭠   㦭,    㤮⢮७ ﬨ -孮,    ண  ⥢ ஢ 孮 Bluetooth,  ᯥ稢 ।   ᪮ 1 /  ⪨ ﭨ -  10 . ᭮ १⠬ ᫥,  ஢񭭮  Cahners In-Stat Group,  뭪 । Bluetooth  2005 . ⠢ 5  .  ⬥,   孮  楤⭮ ᮪ ஢ প  ஭ ந⥫.  ஭    㯭 , ࠡ騥  뭪 ଠ樮  㭨樮 孮. ।   ந⥫ ⮢ ⥫䮭, ஢  奬.
孮 Bluetooth   쭠,   ப  ਬ   ⮨  ᯥ  .    ন騥  孮 த ( 䥩 PC Card   )  ⮨ ஦ 100 ., 筮 楫 ஭ Bluetooth  ᮧ 䥩   ⢥ 奬,  㤥 ⮨   5 .  ⠪ 業  ଠ樮 ன⢮ ⠭ 㧫 ᮭ쭮 ஢ .
    ᯥ 孮 Bluetooth ⠫  ।묨 ९⢨ﬨ.  ⭮, 뢠 ᯮ⢮ ॠ   堭   ᠭ樮஢ 㯠. ஬ ⮣,  ᪫   ࠤ, ᪮  2,4 ,  ஬ ࠡ ।⢠ Bluetooth, ᯮ  ஢묨  ⠭ 802.11.  ⠪ ,  ⮢ <㡪>  ଠ , ᭠ ⨯묨 ⥢묨 ࠤ䥩ᠬ,   ᨭ஭஢  ᮡ ଠ  ⠪ ⥫䮭   ,    ᮮ⢥饥 ਫ.  孮 Bluetooth 室  ,    ⨪   筮 ᪨ 稭, ᯮᮡ  ⮬,  , ᮥ⥫      諮.



 3.
஢ 

᫨ 孮 Bluetooth -   饣,  ஢  -  饥.  뭪 ᫥ 㪫 .  業  Gartner Group,  2000 .  ⠢ 487,5  .,   2004 . 㤥 ࠢ 35,8  .  ᭮ ⠪ ﬨ ᭠ ࠧ筮 த ।,   ⠪ 稭 ⠭  ⥫, -業  ய,  쬠 ਢ⥫쭮   ᨮ.
 ப প ந⥫ﬨ ⠭ 802.11 ஢  諨  䠧 ࠧ,  ࠪਧ  ந⥫쭮, ᮪ ⮨  宩 ᮢ⨬ 㤮.    㯨  䠧 ࠧ, ਧ ன    ୮.   11-/ ⠭ 802.11b (⠪ ⭮   Wi-Fi),  ⠫ ࠡ ॥,  ࠧ⨥ ந⢠ ᮮ⢥饣 ⮬ ⠭ 㤮 ᭨ 業  .  䠧 ࠧ ஢  । 室   ᮪ ࠡ稥   襭 ᪮ ।   54 /.  ந   訥  .
 뭪 ஢  ᯮᮡ   ⥫⢠. -, ᨫ ⢮ ᮮ⢥ த⮢,    ᠬ 孮  ⥩ 짮⥫ ⠫  , 祬    ( ।  ⥬ ⥣ 訫  䠧 ᢮ ஥⮢, 稫 ⮨⢠  ⪨ ஢ , ਮ५ 業   ७  ।). -, 騩     ⨬㫨 ७ । ந⥫ 奬  ஢ 㤮,   ᭮묨 <ப>  ⮬ 뭪  ᥣ   - Intersil  Lucent Technologies,- ⨢ ᮯ୨⢮   ᯮᮡ ᭨ 業  㤮. ஬ ⮣,    ᨫ ७,  ⮬ ᫥ ଠ Texas Instruments.
  饥 ६  뭪  த ⠭ 802.11b,   ᯥ樠⮢ ਪ  ⥫쭮    - Atheros Communications  Radiata Communications ( ਮ⥭  Cisco).  稢 ࠧࠡ 奬, ন ⠭ 802.11a,  ஬ ।ᬮ७ ।   ᪮  54 /   㦥  5 .  㤭 ᪠,    ந⥫   ࠧ ᢮ 奬  ஢,   㤥   ਩ ந⢮.   த   ᭮   뭪  ।    ⥪饣 .  ⨥  ⥩ ஥ ஢   ࠧࠡ⪨ ⠢ ।  ஥஢騪 ᫮ : ⮨  ਮ 2,4   ⠭ 802.11b ᥩ,   室 5  த ⠭ 802.11a?
ந⥫ 㤮 ⠭ 802.11b ਧ  த⮢ ⠭ 802.11a, ⮬  Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA)  ஢ . ஭ ⠭ 802.11b ,  ।⢠ ⠭⮢ 802.11a  802.11b  㤥 ᯮ짮    ⮩   ᮢ⭮, ᫨ ॠ   ᭮ 祪 㯠,      ᭠饭  ࠧ묨 (ᮮ⢥騬 ⨬ ⠭⠬) ࠤ䥩ᠬ.   뭪 祪 㯠, ন  ࠤ䥩 ६, ⢥ ࠭祭, ᪮ ᪠ ᥣ   - Intermec Technologies  Lucent Technologies. ஬ ⮣,  뢮 ᤥ  ᭮ ।,  த ⠭⮢ 802.11a  802.11b    ࠪ⨪ ।. ᫨     ⠪,  ࠧ뢠  饥 ६ ⥢   ᭮ 㯮 祪 㯠  筮 ᯥ⨢    ࠢ.  裡  ⨬ 設 ࣠権 ⮨   㯭⠡묨 ﬨ  ஢ ;  ᪫祭  砥,     ᯥ⨢ ਫ   ⥩, ᯮᮡ 㯨      .
⮨ ⬥,  쬠 ᯥ⨢ ன ਬ ஢     譨 . 頤 設⢠   ᮮ⢥ 쭮 ⢨ ஢ ⥢ ।,  ⮬      ப뢠 ⥫   ᢮ . ந⥫ 㤮 ⠭ 802.11a ⮦ ᮡ ࠡ  ⮬ 뭪, । ᯮ짮 ᢮ த  ঠ ࠧ⥫ ਫ,  ᭮ ,   ।ᬠਢ । ࠦ  ଠ MPEG.



 4.
⥬ 䨪஢ ࠤ㯠

-⥬ ⨯ <窠-窠>  ᪨ ⥬ (  襩 ⥯) 㦥   ਬ  ࣠樨  裡  ﬨ   த.  業㥬 --⥬ ண  ⠭  ᫮,  㤠筮 ஢  ᯥ稢 ᮪ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ   ஢ 񦭮 99,99%   ᠬ   ᫮.  ᯥ譮 㭪樮஢  ⥬ ॡ ᮡ ᫮ אַ ,  쭮  ⢨ ࠭稢 ⮫쪮 ਢ  孮.
⭮⥫쭮  ⠫ 묨   ⥬, ࠡ騥  業㥬  2,4  5 ,  ᯮ  ஢  T1   ⢥ ⮢  㤠묨 . ᪮  ਬ  ⥬  ॡ 業 ࠫ쭮 ᨨ  裡 () ,   ࠧ 祭 .  ⥬  ࠧ ந⥫쭮 -  1,5  50 /  .  ப ਬ  祭 㤠  ⠭権 ⮢ ⥩   業ࠫ 㧫,  ⠪  ꥤ , ᯮ  ࠧ  (  ,  ⢨ ஢  ﬨ   ஫ ⮢).  訥 ୥-஢ ⠫    ⮢, ᯮ ᬠਢ ।⢠.  - ࠭祭 㯭  ய᪠  室 ஢ ⮨ 짮⥫᪮ 㤮 ஥  ⥬  ᫮ 祩.
 業㥬     ,   ஥஢ ⥬ 쭮 ⮩稢  .     ᨫ쭮    ⥬,  ந⥫쭮,  ࠢ, ᭨ ⥯.  稨  ⥬  । ਭ  ஡  㦨    񧭮 ᡮ   ࠡ.  ᫥ ६ 襭 ।⢠ ᯥ祭 ଠ樮 ᭮ ⥬.
ன⢠ DSL     訬 ।⢠ ᮪᪮⭮ 㯠  ᭠饭   譨 ᮢ,  ப ࠤ⥬   ⮩ ୠ⨢ , ᮡ   ,  㣨 DSL     㯭.
  ਭ﫠  ࠢ, 騥 ⠢騪    ।⠢ 㣨   ⨬⮢ ஢ ⥬ MMDS (Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service), ࠡ   2,5 ,  ࢮ砫쭮  뤥   ஢ ⥫. ⭮,   ⥬  ப ਬ  祭  ᪮쪨 .   諮   ࠧࠡ⪨  ⠭⮢  MMDS-  ᮧ  Wireless DSL (祢,  ,  롨ࠫ ⠪ , ⥫  룮  ४ 㬨  孮 DSL).  ࠢ  ࠭ ࠧࠡ⠭묨 ⥬ LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Service) ⥬ MMDS   쭮 ⢨ -  20  譨 ஢ -   ᮪ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ.  ⪠  室 ᯮ 㧫 ⥬   אַ   ⭮⥫쭮 ᮪ ⮨ 짮⥫᪮ 㤮.
 , ᪮쪮 ᫮  ⭨ 裡, ਢ⥫쭮 ன   㬥訫 - ᪮ ᯥ  ப ࠧ४஢ ⥬ Iridium.  ⫨稥  㣨 ⨯ ࠤ㯠 㣠 ⭨ 裡  짮   ᥩ ਨ . ந⥫  ⥬ ஢ ⭨ ⥫ ࠧࠡ⠫ ਤ 㭠ࠢ ⥬, ᯮ騥  ⢥ ⭮  裡  ⥫䮭 .  襭 室, ,   譨 짮⥫. 롨ࠩ 㭠ࠢ ⭨ ⥬ ᫥饣 ,   ப ਬ १ -.



 5.
஢ WAN-

ᬮ  ⢮ ᪮쪨  ⠭⮢ ⮢ 裡,   㬨 㤭 ⢨    , ⮢ ⥫䮭 ᯮ ᥬ⭮.   ᤥ 뢮,  ᫥騬 ⠯  ࠧ⨨ ⮢ ⥩ ⠭     ,   ࠡ  ஢묨 㦡 Web.  ⢨ ⥫ ४ ᪫뢠 ⫥,  ⠪  ⠫ 㦥 ॠ,    ⠪.   ⮬,    ⮢ ⥩  室  ࣠樨 쭮 㯠  , ஬ ⮣, 祭 ᮬ⥫쭠 짠 設⢠ ஢ ਫ.     ⮢ ⥫䮭  稢  ᮪ ६ 䠬 ஢ ᯨᠭ 뫥⮢ ᠬ⮢  樨  ﬨ.
  ६  ஢ WAN-⥩  ࠧࠡ⠭  ਫ  ࠧ  ᫥饣 .    Dataquest,  뭪  ୥-ன   200  .  1999 .  11  .  2005 .
譨  ண  ন ᨬ ᪮ ।  14,4 /, ன 墠⠥ ⮫쪮  ࠡ  ⥩訬 ⥪⮢묨 ਫﬨ.  ᮦ, ᮧ ⥩ 쥣  蠥 ᮪ ⮨ ᮮ⢥饣 㤮   業. ஬ ⮣,  吝 ᫨  ᮣ ⭮⥫쭮 ⮣,   孮  ஢  .     <> 㦡 ᮪᪮⭮ ।   騥  祢 裡   ⮬ ⠫  ⥫묨 㤭ﬨ.
  ⥬ 쥣    ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 2 /, 設⢮  ࠧࠡ⮪    ਥ஢  ⨦ ᪮ 384 /.  ᨬ ⥫, ॠ  -  ࠧ . ⢥ ࠭祭 ⥢  ய᪠ ᤥ  쭮 ண. ⮨ ⬥, , ᬮ   ࠧ ࠭  ன,  ॠ樨 ࠪ⨢ ਫ ॡ ࠧࠡ⪠ ,  䥪⨢ ⮤ ᦠ ࠦ.
 ப⠡ ந⥫⢮ ⥩ 쥣     ࠭ 2003 .,  ஬ 襭  ஢ ।  㯭 짮⥫ 㦥 ᥩ.  ୮ ஭  ⪨ ᮮ饭ﬨ  ࠬ  ᪮ .  ⮣ ⮡ । ⥫  ଠ樨   ᮪ ᪮ﬨ,  ᯮ짮 㣠 த᪨ ஢ ⥩ । , ᭮  孮 ७ ᯥ ᨣ  ⮤ אַ ᫥⥫쭮.
஠஢    ஢묨 WAN-ﬨ,  ᤥ 뢮,  ⭮ ப ࠭ ᮪᪮ 㦡  訥   .  㬥⭮ ஢ ࠢ  뭪  ப᭮ 㯠  ᭮ 孮 DSL   , , ᬮ   㦤 짮⥫  ⠪ 㣠  稥  ⪮ 㫨஢ 孨᪨ ⠭⮢, ࠧ ⥫쭮 , 祬 ।᪠뢠  ⨪. , ६ ᮪᪮ ஢ WAN-⥩ 㯨 -  ன  砢襣 ⨫.
譨  Wi-Fi   襥 ࠭ -   ।  Ethernet   ⠭, ⢥ত    १ ᫥, ஢񭭮  .
᪠ ଠ Parks Associates 諠  祭,  52% ਪ᪨ ,     , ᯮ ஢ 孮, ⮣     ⥩ Ethernet 室 50% ,    ⥩  ᭮ ᨫ ய஢ - 5%. ( 㬬   ॢ 100%, ⠪     ਬ   ࠧ 孮.)




 2.
᮪ 筮 ஢ । 



 1.
Wi-Fi -   ⠪?

 ॢன Wi-Fi ( ᪮ ᫮⠭ Wireless Fidelity, ஥  ᫮ ॢ  <᮪ 筮 ஢ । >)  饥 ६ ࠧ 楫 ᥬ⢮ ⠭⮢ । ஢ ⮪   ࠤ. ࠡ⪠  ⠭⮢   ࠬ ࠡ祩 㯯 802.11  ஢  孨  ஭ (IEEE). Wi-Fi   ⢥ 孮 ஢ 㯠 - ᯥ樠 IEEE  㣨 ० ࠧࠡ⠫  த ࠡ  㣨 ⠭⠬ ஢ 㭨権, ਥ஢  ᮭ  (PWAN,  ࣠樨 祭  ।, ਬ, ࠡ祣  㤭)  , ⠡ த  ॣ (WWAN).
⢮ 祪 ஢ 㯠      ,   񪮬 饬 ப 室    㤠 㣮   ᮡ ஡.    㪮   Wi-Fi-஬. ଠ樮  JiWire 㡫    ᫥,   饥 ६ 뢠 56139 -ᯮ⮢  93 ࠭ .
᮫⭮  ᯮਬ ⢮   祪 㯠 ਭ .   , ଠ, ࠭  . ,  諨   -ᯮ⮢  ⤥쭮 ⮬ த, ,  ஬ ⠫     ਪ᪨ ᮢ.  ࢮ   .     , -, ਦ, , ૨  .
ࢠ ᪠ 窠   -ࣥ  2003 .   த  58 -ᯮ. ᪮᪨ 뭮 । ᠭ-᪨  2004 -  뢠 67 祪 㯠,  ⠢ 56%  饣 ᫠  ᨨ.  㣨 த  ⥫쭠,  㬬   4%. ,  ⬥砥 ⥭ J'son&Partner,  ᨡ᪥,  த    ᫮ ᯫ -ᯮ⮢. ࠬ ᪮᪮ 뭪   <᪮>  <᪮> (13  17 ᪨ 祪 ᮮ⢥⢥),   ᫥ eWi-Fi,  , , Wiland Ltd.  묯.
Wi-Fi ।祭  ᮧ ஢  ⥩ (WLAN)  ࣠樨 ᮪᪮ ஢ 祭  ୥.  ᨬ  ⭮ ⠭  Wi-Fi ࠡ   2,4   5   ᯥ稢 ᪮ ।   2 /.  窠 㯠  ᯥ 墠  ࠤ  200 ஢. ப ࠭,  譨   ⥩, Wi-Fi    ࣠樨 㡫筮 㯠  ୥ (-ᯮ⮢) -  ᯮ짮 ⮩ 孮  ⥫ ⨭, , ࠭, -業  ஢ ( ᫮, ,  ஬  㡫筠 窠 㯠 Wi-Fi) 砥  쭮 祭   ।⢮ ᢮ 㪠,   ⥫䮭, ন饣 ⠭ ஢ 㯠.
Wi-Fi (⠥ <-䠩>) -  孮,   ࠧ ன⢠, ० ᥣ ࠬ, ⢮  ᮡ  直 ஢.  ⮣ ⮡   ,  ⠭ hotspot (-ᯮ,  ,  㯠) - ।稪,    । ᨣ  ࠤ ᪮쪨 ⪮ ஢. ᫨   ।稪 ⪭   ୥⮬,  ୥,  梥 , ᭥    -ᯮ. 㤭 , 㤮 Wi-Fi,  ਪ ஢  ஧⪠,  த  ᢮ 㪠    ७-, 㤠 -  ⮫, 㤠 -  .   㤮⢠ Wi-Fi 㤥  쭮 裡.
 । ᮢ Wi-Fi ⮦ 뢠  ᯥ⨢ -   ୥,   , ஢ ஭ , 室  蠭堩᪮ , 㯨 㦭   ୥-,   ⥪. , ⮡  室 -ᯮ.
  ᮢ६ 㪨  ଠ  ⠪   㬥 ࠡ   Wi-Fi.     ய⮢,   ⨭   ⠭  ᥡ -ᯮ,      騩 -  訥 죨   ᯫ⭮.   ࠬ  ,  ⨥ <୥-> ⠭ ᫨楩 த <᫠ ﭮ> - ୥ 㤥  ⪥   .
 祭  Wi-Fi-   㪠 ᯮ짮 ,    ᮭ ,     뫨 ᭠饭 ஢묨 ࠬ. ᫨ ⠪ ,   ਮ  ⠭  ⥫쭮.      PCMCIA 窨 २⢥       Compact Flesh 窨 २⢥ 



 2.
祬 㦥 Wi-Fi?

 ।祭 Wi-Fi - ꥤ    .    뫠 ⮩: ᭠砫  ୮   뫮  롨 室騥 窨, ⮬ ࠧ稢   娢   㯫 ⠫,   ஢, ᮥ   ᥬ, , , 㡨  ᮢ, ࠨ .  Wi-Fi ࠢ  ४᭠ 쭨.
Wi-Fi  뢠  ᮡ  ⮫쪮 . ᫨    㪥 ࠭ ஬  몠 䠩,     १ ,  室  㣮  ; ᫨  樨 - ,   ࠭᫨஢  㤮 Wi-Fi-஥. 㦨  室  ਪ९  㦭 ? 뭮  ஢    室  Wi-Fi- -    ,  ᬮ ᫥  ⥬,  㣭  ⠬  ᭮-㡮 Ford Mustang.
 ᮢ襭 ⭠. ﭨ : ᫨   - ஢, ,    祬 ६.
 設⢮ ᮢ६ 㪮  ଠ ஢ 񬭨  ।稪 Wi-Fi 㦥 ஥ - ਬ,  ஥   㪨, ஥  孮 Intel Centrino. ᫨ ஥ Wi-Fi   ,  ਤ 㯨 ண ன⢮.
ਢ,       ᫮  祭  ஢ ,    ⭮.  ᥣ ஡  - ⮣,    ஥  ࠡ  㣮 , ᪠,  ᭮.  ⠪ 砥  ᪫祭,  ਤ ᭠砫 ⬥   ன (ਬ, ன ப-ࢥ).
⠪,  室  , 뢠   砥 . ᫨  㪥   Wi-Fi,   ࠢ  ( 㪠 Apple -  孥) 㣫 ࠭ 冷  ᠬ  室  ஢ . ᫨   ,  ᯨ᮪  ⥩ Wi-Fi,   㦨  ⮬ . 롨ࠥ  ᯨ᪠ 㦭,  <>,    ୥. , ᮡ ᫨  ᯫ⭠, 㦭 ⠢ , ⢥न,   ᢥ  筮 ᭮ ⮣ -ᯮ.
᫨ 㣠 ⭠,    ᫮.    ਤ   ⮫쪮- ᮢ ୥:  뤠   ஫.  -  窥 㬠 ( ⨭),   -  窥, 宦   - 쭨. ஫      ⨨  <>,   ⪥  - ୥-࠭.   ஫,   ᬮ ࠡ  直 ९⢨.
  ᯮᮡ ࣠      Wi-Fi.

ᮡ 1
᫨  ⮨  ⮬, ⮡ ꥤ ᥣ  ,      ஢.  Wi-Fi-  ࠡ   㣮   直 業ࠫ ⥭.  ᯮᮡ  ⮫쪮   ஢.

ᮡ 2
᫨ ஢ ,   窠 㯠. ⨬  , ᫨    ,   ⮢ ᤥ ࢥ஬,     .  ⮣ ⮡  ࠡ⠫  ६, ࢥ    㣫筮. ࢥ  믮 ஫   ᠬ⥫쭮 । ୥-,   ன ॡ ன 䨪樨,  ᫨   ᥡ  ᫨誮 㢥७,  ਣ ᯥ樠쭮 祭 祫.

ᮡ 3
 ⮩  㭨ᠫ. 窠 㯠 砥  ,  -   (祬,  ன⢠   ꥤ      ). !    ,  ஬   Wi-Fi, 㤥 ࠡ ୥.  ࢥ  㦭.
 ୠ  - 筨  : ⮡   諥, 室 ।ਭ   ।஦.  Wi-Fi ⮦   祪: ᭮,  ஭  ஢  ⥫쭮 , 祬  ,-  㦭   ஢; 筮     ᨣ.   ᫨  訫   ᥡ  Wi-Fi,     ᫥饥.
 Wi-Fi    ⮩,  ⮩   . ᫨     ୥,  㢥७  ᢮ ᪨ ᨫ   㦤 㨧,    ⠢  ⮩.  ப . ⥯  㦠 । 訬  ⠭ ᮡ ᨬ  堪  㪠. 祣 ୮  ⮬ ,     ᥬ  ࠧ 㦠 짮 ᢮ Wi-Fi.
᫨  롥  䨫ய,   ⠢   ᮡ⢥   樮 ⥬ (᫨ Windows -   2000,  XP)  ਢ ஫ ( <>    <password>,  - <3gH6j82Q>).  蠥 ⠪  ⠪ 뢠 firewall,  ࠭,- ணࠬ, ᫥  ⥬, ⮡    ⠫  ஭   . 訥  (ன⢠,     ꥤ  )  ᪠  ஥ ࠭஬ ,  ⮡ ࠬ⭮  ந,  ࠢ ਤ ᪮쪮 .
    뫮,      ᠭ樮஢ 㯠.   ᤥ ᪮쪨 ᯮᮡ.

ᮡ 1
 襬  । <䨪 > (SSID) -  ⮢ .   ⠭   ஭.    砩 宦,     堪஢.

ᮡ 2
 室   ॡ ᯥ樠 ஫.   ন   ᮢ६ Wi-Fi-ன⢠.

ᮡ 3
䨣஢  ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡  ᪠ 祭 ⮫쪮  ᫥   ன. 㣨      ᬮ  ਭ樯.
஬ ⮣,   㣠 ᭮: 堪  墠 ଠ,   뫠   Wi-Fi. 祬, ⭮ ⮣ ᪮筮 :  㬮砭  ।    Wi-Fi  ஢  ந室. ᫨  ﭭ ࠡ⠥  祭 묨 㬥⠬,  ⮨ 㬠  ᯮ짮 ᮡ ⥬ ஢   VPN.  ᫨  諮  ⠪ ⥯ ,  ਣ ᯥ樠쭮 祭 祫.


᫨  㪥   Centrino,   ࠡ   Wi-Fi - ⥫쭮 祣 㯠  㦭. ᫨ ஥ Wi-Fi   ,  ਤ 㯨  Wi-Fi.  ன⢮ ࠧ஬  ।,  ࠢ, ⠢   ᡮ   , 宦  饫  ୨  室  .


 設⢮ ᮢ६ ଠ ஢ 񬭨  ।稪 Wi-Fi 㦥 ஥.

⥢ 
㦥  , ⮡   .  ⮫ ஢ ⥢  뢠 ७ (⠢  )  譨 (   १   室).  㪮  ଠ ஢, ᫨  砫쭮  ন Wi-Fi, 㦥 譨 .  砥    १ 室 USB,  १ 饫 PCMCIA.


 ᪮ ன, ன⢮, ஥  ᪮쪨 ࠬ    १  ୥-.  ᥣ ᮢ  ஢ 窮 㯠.

窠 㯠
ࠫ쭠 ⥭  ஢ :  ࠭᫨  ਭ ᨣ   ஢.



 3.
-ᯮ Wi-Fi - <> 窠  ⥫㭨権

 ᫥ ६     ⠫  筮 ᫮ <-ᯮ>  ⠭  䥩ﬨ, ⥫䮭  㪠.   ⠪ -ᯮ?  ୮  ਪ᪮ -㤠, 誠 祣    ᮫楬 ⥫䮭 㤪? ஡㥬 ࠧ.
    㦥 ਫ,  饤㯭 ஢ , ஥  ⠭ ஢ Ethernet 802.11b (Wi-Fi),   ਢ⥫쭮 ୠ⨢ ⮢  쥣  3G,  -० .    孮 Wi-Fi ⠫, ,   ᠬ <> 祪  ⥫㭨権.
ᯥ Wi-Fi  ⥬,   孮 㦥 ஭  ⪨  ஢,   ⠭ <ᬥ> 業  ன⢠ Wi-Fi -   30 .  㤥 㤭    ஥ 䥩 Wi-Fi.   ஬稢, ᫨      ப 뭮.
饤㯭 窨 ஢ 㯠  ୥  孮 Wi-Fi 筮 ࣠  ய, ⥫, -宫, ࣮ 業, . -᪨  窨 㯠 뢠 hot spot.  쭮 ॢ  砥 < >.  㦭  ப, ⮡ ।᪠: ᪮ ᫮ <-ᯮ> ⠭     ᪮ 몥   ⠭   -.
  㦥 ஥  4 . -ᯮ⮢.  諮   ,   Wi-Fi ⨫  ᨨ. ᪮쪮 -ᯮ⮢ ࠧ  ᪮᪨ ⥫ <ਮ>.  ᢮  ந⥫⢠ -ᯮ⮢  ᪢ ⠪   <묯>  Art Communications.    ᪢  - - 롥 ⮢ 裡  ᨨ. ,  <> 㦥 ࣠  ୮ ⮫ 140 -ᯮ⮢.
 ⨢   த 孮 Wi-Fi  ᨨ  ௮ Intel,    訬 㬮    ய த⮢ Centrino,  ᪨ 䥪⨢  Wi-Fi  ࠧ ன⢠.
    룮 ஢ࠬ ।⠢ 讣  䨪.   ᥪ,  ᪠  <뤥> 짮⥫ 㦤  ਬ୮ $50-90    500  ᪠祭/ਭ⮩ ଠ樨,    ᪮쪮 ᮢ ࠡ  ᪠  ଠ樨.   ᯥ樠 ⢥ ᫥饥: <᫨  ஢  ࠡ⠥ ⥬    ᢮६ ⠢ ⠬    ॡ,  祬  䨪 㤥 ॡ,  ⥬  㬬 㤥   祭>. .. -ᯮ  㬥 થ⨭ 㯠 ᥡ.
। ⥫ 猪  ।ਭ⥫,   ᮬ ᬮ  Wi-Fi-. ⠪,   㦭 ᤥ   ஢ 窨 (-ᯮ). 室:
1. ஢ 祭 
訥 ࠬ,  室 뢠   । -  ॡ㥬 쭮 ⢨ , । ⢮ ᪨ ⥬,   ,  ᯥ⨢ 쭥襣 .
2.  ⠭  ஢ 
,  饥 ६   ᫥ ⠭  ஢ । , ।  ⮬ 孨  ࠤ஭ (IEEE): 802.11b, 802.11g  802.11a.
3. ஢ ࠧ饭 ⮢ 
᫨   ,   墠  ।⨥ ஢ . ਬ, ன⢮ ⥢ 㯠  ⠭ 802.11b  쭮 ⢨  100 .  ⢨  ⠭権  ४뢠  㣠  < ⥭>, ⮡ ᪫  裡  㤭  室   窨 㯠  㣮. ᫨   㯭 ࣠ (ਬ, , ᯮ  ᪮쪨 ⠦ 讣 )   ࠧ稢 ஢ ⥯.
4. ⠭ ன⢠ ஢ 㯠
᫥ ⮣,  㤥 ஫ ப᭠  裡  襣 ,  㯠  㯪  ⠭  ⠭権. 設⢮  ன  室묨 ﬨ, ⮬ ⢥ ࠢ쭮 襭  롮 ⠢騪 . ,    ஥  ᮮ⢥⢨  ॡﬨ ᭮  ஢ ⥩.
5. ᯥ ᭮ 
  ஢   ⠪  ᫮.  ந⥫ । 㤮  ᯮ짮  ண 襭   楫. ஬ ⮣, ⠭⠬ 802.11a  802.11b ন   ᭮,    񦭮  ᭮ ᯮ짮 ஢    .
 ,   쭮 ஢     ।  ᫥ ᬥ 䨪 SSID (Service Set Identifier) 襣 ன⢠ 㯠,   ஢ .  㯠   ᪨    ஥  ᯮ짮 ࠢ쭮 SSID.  ᮦ, ਬ 䨪஢ SSID  ஫, ⠭  ⥬  㬮砭,  ࠭񭭮 ࠪ⨪,  뢠 堪ࠬ   .
6.   ⢨ 
 㢥祭  頤 筮 㤥    ன⢠ ஢ 㯠.   ࠧ    ।.     砥  ᥡ   ( 5,15  5,35 ).
 業 ᯥ樠⮢, <让 -ᯮ,  ஬  뢠 ᪨ 㣨 ⠬ (.. ⥢ -  ⥬ ),   5  15  ஢ >.



 4.
   Wi-Fi

 饥 ६ 㦥    ᪠ 㪮    ஥ প Wi-Fi, 筮 ⨪   ன⢠ ᮮ頥 짮⥫  ⮬. ஬ ⮣,    ୮   ਮ ࠧ , 騥 ⢫ 祭  Wi-Fi -  ।⠢ ᮡ  PCMCIA-,  譨 ன⢠,   १ USB. 祭 ⠪ ஢  ॡ ᮡ 몮   ॣ 樥 ந⥫.  롮      ,   ⠭ ᥬ⢠ IEEE 802.11  ন ( 饥 ६  a, b  g), ᯥ稢   ஢ ,  ⨯ ᮥ  ⠭ (ᮥ  窮 㯠  ࠢࠢ -adhoc).
 ⮣ ⮡    Wi-Fi,     ⢨ -ᯮ. ⥬ ᫥ ⠭   㪮  窮 㯠 -  ।  㣠 ⮬᪨, ᫥ 祣    ࠭ ன⢠   ஢ . ᫥ ⮣  ⨢஢   ୥.  設⢥ 砥  ⮣ 筮   㧥      - -ᠩ.



 5.
   Wi-Fi

   窨 㡫筮 ஢ 㯠  ࠡ  ᯫ⭮ ᭮ (ਬ,  ० ⮢ ᯫ樨).   設⢥ -ᯮ⮢   짮  .  ᨬ  ஢   䨪 㯠  ⢫  ६ ᭮    ᯮ짮 䨪.  饥 ६ ࠧ 業  짮 -ᯮ⠬ 祭  -  90 㡫   㯠,  ⠪  2 㡫  .
 ᥣ  稢   ।祭 祪,  த  -ᯮ⮢.    ਮ   ,  ,   -ᯮ.  砥 ᯮ짮 ⠪   㯠 宦    IP-⥫䮭 -   ,   -ᯮ, 㦨 ஬, ⨢訬 ,  짮 㯮  ୥  ௠  .
    ᯮ짮 -ᯮ  ⢫ ।⢮ 쭮 ⥫䮭 - 짮⥫ ࠢ SMS  । , 砥  ਧ樨  祭  -ᯮ,  䨪  ६ 짮 窮 㯠 ᯨ뢠    ⮢ .
 ⨭   ᯮ짮 -ᯮ⮢      ஦.



 6.
 ⠪ ஢ 쭠  (WLAN)?

 WLAN -  쭮 ᫨⥫쭮  (LAN), ᯮ騩  裡  ।   㧫 ᮪ ࠤ,    ᮥ.   ⥬ । ,  ਬ  ७ -  ୠ⨢ - 쭮 쭮       । ।񭭮 ਨ.

 २⢠ ᯮ짮 WLAN  ஢쭮 ?
 襭 ந⥫쭮.  WLAN ᯥ稢  ਢ易  ⤥ 饭     ୥.  WLAN  짮⥫  ६  ਨ ।  ࣠樨, ⠢ 묨  .
 ⮥  ஥ ஥ 쭮 .  㦭   ९ .
  ⠭. ஢   ந ⠬,    ; 孮 WLAN 砥 ६ ⠭    ६饭.
  ⮨ ᯫ樨. ஢  ᭨ ⮨ ⠭, ᪮  ॡ  ᮥ.  १ ⨣ , ⥬  ⥫쭠, 祬   㦥.
 ⠡㥬. ७  ४䨣   WLAN   ᫮ 祩: 짮⥫᪨ ன⢠  ⥣஢  , ⠭   ஢ ⥢ .
 ⨬.  ન ᮢ⨬ ᪨  ⥢ ன  ⢮  ᮡ.

㤭  ⠭  ஢  WLAN?
. ஢   ந , 祬 , ஢   ⨯ ⥩   ⫨砥   㣠. ᪮ 襭  WLAN ஥  ਭ樯 Plug-and-Play,  ।,      ࠭  (peer-to-peer).

 쭮 裡 ன WLAN?
쭮 ⢨ ࠤ, ᮡ  饭,   ࠪ⨪  ( ⮬ ᫥  魮 ।稪), 樨 񬭨, 宧񭭮   宦 ᨣ. ⢨ ࠤ  묨 ꥪ⠬ , ਬ  ⥭, ⠫᪨ ﬨ   쬨,    쭮 ࠭ ᨣ,  ⠪ ࠧ,   ⢨ ⭮ ⥬. ஢  ᯮ ࠤ, ᪮ ࠤ  饭 ஭ १ ⥭  ४.    墠 設⢠ ⥬ WLAN ⨣ 160 ,  ᨬ  ⢠   祭 ९⢨.   ⥫ 祪 㯠    ⢨,  ⥬ ᠬ ᯥ ᢮ ।.

   WLAN?
,  WLAN ᪫⥫쭮 . ᪮ ஢ 孮 室 ﬨ  ஭ ஬諥, ᯥ祭 ᭮ ஢ ன ।ᬠਢ  ᠬ 砫.  祬 ஢  筮  , 祬 .   WLAN ᯮ 孮 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS),  ⫨砥 ᮪ ⮩稢  ᪠ , 堬,  ⮬ ᫥ ।७,  㦥. ஬ ⮣,  짮⥫ ஢  室 ⥭䨪  ⥬ 䨪,  ।頥 ᠭ樮஢   .
 । ᮡ 梨  짮⥫  ᯮ짮 ० Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP),  ஬ ᨣ  ⥫ ⬮,   ஫   ஭ .  ,  ⤥ 㧫 । 祭  ⥢ 䨪  ਭ ᢮  ᭮.   WLAN, ࠡ  ᯥ䨪樨 802.11b,  ᯥ祭  ᮪ 񦭮    ⥭䨪樥 짮⥫  ਬ 40-  128-  ஢. 墠 䨪,  諥, ⠪  諥, ࠪ᪨ .

 ⠪ IEEE 802.11b?
IEEE 802.11b - 饭 ⮬ Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 孨᪠ ᯥ䨪,  । 㭪樮஢ ஢  ᫨⥫ ⥩, ࠡ   2,4   ᪮ 11 /  ⮪ Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum.

 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  WLAN 802.11b?
 WLAN 802.11b ࠡ  ᪮  11   ᥪ㭤.  짮⥫ ᪮ ࠡ ࠢ  ᪮ 쭮 . 筮 ⠪ ,    筮 , ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  WLAN    ⮯, 㧪, ﭨ  窨 㯠  ..  ࠢ, ⭮ ࠧ  ந⥫쭮 ஢  쭮  .

 ⠪ 窠 㯠?
窠 㯠 ᮥ   ஢    ⠬ ᫥    ᠬ 쭮 .  窠 㯠   ᫨⥫ 魮 ⥬. 짮⥫  ६  窠 㯠,   ᮥ  ,-    祭     ⮢ ⥫䮭. 㣨 ᫮, 窠 㯠 -  ணࠬ-⭮ ன⢮, ஥ 믮 ஫ 業   ஢   ᯥ稢 祭  쭮 .

쪮 짮⥫  ন  ⥬ WLAN?
⢮ 짮⥫ ࠪ᪨ ࠭祭.   㢥稢,  ⠭  窨 㯠.   ४뢠 祪 㯠, ஥  ࠧ  (), ஢      㢥祭 ᫠ 짮⥫   . ४뢠 ,    ᮧ  , ६   ⠭   ;   ஥ 㢥 ⢮ 짮⥫ .  ࠧ   ஢ , ⠭ 窨 㯠  ࠧ  .  㢥稢 饥 ᫮ 짮⥫     ६    ਨ ࣠樨.

쪮 짮⥫ ६ ন  窠 㯠?
⢮ 짮⥫  ⮬ 砥 ,   ।,  㦥 䨪.   WLAN  ய᪠   짮⥫ﬨ ⠪ ,   쭮 . 室  ᫠ 짮⥫ ந⥫쭮   ⠪  த 믮塞 짮⥫ﬨ .



 7.
Wi-Fi   ᪮᪮ :  2005 

ᠦ ᪮᪮ ய⥭ ᬮ 㦥 ⮬ 2005  室  ୥.    ᨩ᪨ ⥫㭨樮  㦥 ࠧ⨫  ⮫筮  40 ⠪ 뢠 -ᯮ⮢ (祪 ஢ 㯠  ୥)       ᫮  200-300.
஥ 㤥 ਥ஢, ० ᥣ,  <᮪孮> ᠦ஢ - 楢 ᬠ䮭  ଠ ஢.   㦥 ᭠饭 孮 ஢ 㯠,  ᫮  楢    . ।,   ॡ묨 㣠 㤥 ஭   -䨭 (  ).  , ᫥騥  ᮡﬨ    ࠭, ᬮ 㦠 ᫥  אַ  ,  ⠭.
孮 ஢ 室    祪 㯠  ⢥ ࠭ᯮ  訥 ᯥ⨢. ஢ ୥ 㦥 稫 ப ࠭  ࠭ ய  .   2004  ⮫쪮  ஬  뢠 27  祪 ஢ 㡫筮 㯠,  68%   ᯮ  ࠭樨, ଠ  ⠭.
⮡ ᯥ譮 ந  Wi-Fi, 㦭  ⮫쪮 ࠢ쭮  㤮  ,   ⥫쭮 ᯫ஢ ᠬ , 㤥 ⠫쭮  砩訬 ⠫  㭪樮஢. 孮 Wi-Fi த ࠧ.  ⮬   ⮪ 䨧᪮ ஢, ⠪  ᠬ ⥬ ⥪.  ⨪ ࠪਧ    <>  <⮭>  <⮫묨> 窠 㯠,   ⥢ ᯥ樠 ,   ⮫ 񭭮 室   樨  ਨ ஢  ()   : । ॡ ⥬ Wi-Fi, ࠡ騥  ᮪ 񦭮, 騥 ⠡㥬 ந⥫쭮, ஢    業ࠫ ࠢ.  ⮬     ண  ᯫ樨.



 8.
Wi-Fi ᥣ  

ᬮ  ,  ࣠ Wi-Fi    ਭ ⨬ 室 ᨩ᪨ ,   ⠢    筮 ᯥ⨢,  ⮬ ᥣ 뭪   த   ப.  ᯨ᪥  ।⠢ Wi-Fi   ୥ ਡ뫮 - ᨩ᪨ ୠ⨢  < ꥤ ⥬> ⨫  ⮢ ᯫ 㡫  ஢ 㯠  ୥  ⨭筮  <>.
⠢襥 祩   ⭮襭 楢 ஢  ⥩   񭭮  ஭ ,    ᮡ ⢮ ⨢ ᫥⢨. ஡  ࠭ ଠ樨 ७, ਭ饩 栬  -  ᠬ 祢  .  祢 ᯮ짮 ७ ᮢ   設  室   譨, ᯮ  ୥. ஡  㬠,  - ᫨  ,  祬     ᯮ짮?   ⮬ ਫ   ਠ  (Adrian Wright)  襤襩   ७樨  ୮ ᭮ First International Security Users Conference.
,   㪮⥫ ⠭᪮  Secoda Risk Management, ᠫ ।쭮 ⮩ 堭 ᯮ짮 ஢ . 諥, ७ ᯮ짮  Wi-Fi   ⢥ ⮢ 頤, ꥧ  , 뢠 ࠤ।騬 㤮 (.. 窮 㯠)  , 砥    ᯮ ,  ਬ,  ᯠ-뫪  ⪠  ᮢ. ᫥ 祣 ᯮ    ᮡ⨩. ⮨   ᢥ? ᫮! 稭,      ᯮ짮 㦮 ஢ -, ࠧ ᪮쪮. ० ᥣ: ஢, -, 砫 ᫥  ⢨ﬨ  ⨢ 짮⥫,   뢠 ,  ᯮ    ᯮ  窨 ७  ⢨ (, ,  ᪫祭). ⮬  ᯠ ࠡ १ 㦮  뢠 ᯮ  窨 ७ ᮡ⢥ ᭮. ஬ ⮣,  ᫮ ,  筮   뫠 , ⥫  㥬 䨪, ⮬ ࠡ १ 㦮  頥 ਭ 㦥   룮.  ᠬ  - ᫥ ᯠ  ⠪ ਠ ।⠢   : ᫨ ᯠ  ४⥫ - ࠧ , ᪠ ।⢥  (  㤥  ᯠ -  ࠧ ४ 祫   㤠 ᫮) 㤥  .
祬,   ࠭:  , ZDNet News, 㡫襥   㯫 , ᫥ ᨫ ॠ.  ᠬ ,  ਫ   ⥭樠쭮 ⢨ ⠪ 堭 -  ⥫  ᯮ짮  ࠪ⨪  ᫥⥫ . ,   ᥣ,    ६ -    񭭮 ஢ ௮⨢ ⥩   ᠬ  客. - ᢮ , 襢  㤮⢠ ⠪  -   ᠬ ਢ⥫  -.  , 㪠  -    ᥣ  ⠪ ,   䥪 뢠 .  १,   ,  80% ௮⨢ Wi-Fi    饭  থ.  ,  ᯮ   室,  ⠢ ਪ⮩ । ଠ -   ᯮ짮   ਯ⮣᪨ 㬥਩.
筮, 襭 ஡  -    ॡ  楢  ⥫   . ,  ᯮ짮 䨧᪨ ।⢠ ᨣ樨  থ (ਬ - Intrusion Detection System  Netsec): ன⢠, ⠭  ਬ ࠭塞 , ᨣ騥  祭 .   ᮢ襭 室 稥 㦡 ᭮, ᯮᮡ ᯮ ଠ樮 ஧.  㯨 , ࠭稢    ࢨᮢ, 㯭 짮⥫ १ ஢ ᮥ (⠪ ⠪⨪ ਤন,  ⭮, Deutsche Bank).    ᢮ ஡,    - 筠 ᮧ⥫쭮 ᮭ, ஬ 室 ⮫ ࠧ  ࠧ묨 ᯮᮡ 祭 㯠  㦭 .



 9.
Wi-Fi  

2004 ⠫  ᥬ⭮ ᪠  Wi-Fi  ᨨ -  ⠪ 뢮 諨 ண  J'son & Partner, ᯥ樠饩  ஢ ᫥   ⥫㭨権,   ଠ樮 孮. ᭮ , 饬 ⥪饥 ﭨ 뭪 ஢ ⥩,   2007  ⢮ 祪 㯠   ⮫  ॢ 550.
    ᨨ 뢠 21 ஢ Wi-Fi (WISP),    ।⠢   ᪮ ᭮. 筮  ⮢  ᮢ ,  ⠢ 6-10 ஢  .  3 WISPa  ࠡ  Wi-Fi ᢮ ᭮ ᮬ, ⠫  ᬠਢ    ࠢ 饣 ࠧ , 뢠 뭮.
  ᨩ᪨ 짮⥫ Wi-Fi - 㤥,  ⠢ 60%  饣 ᫠ (800-1000 祫  ࢮ ⠫ 2004 .).   饩  :   㭨 ࠭   ᯫ -ᯮ⮢.  ⥣ ⨢ ॡ⥫ 㣨 ।⠢ ᬥ.  ࠧ 業,  騩   400  600 ।ਭ⥫  ஢묨 ﬨ ॣ୮.   ਭ Wi-Fi ஢ࠬ 70% ॠ 室.
 ⮬ ।⠢ 㯠  ୥ १ Wi-Fi  ᨨ    䥩,  ਥ,  ᭮,  ᯥ祭   - ᢮ ﭭ ⮢.   ᪨ -ᯮ⮢ ᯮ  ⥫  ய,  楫 㤨ਥ   ,   㤮⢮  業. ,  㬬  室  Wi-Fi  ⥫  ﭨ   2005 . ⠢ $150 000.
 ᮦ,     ⥫    㦨 ଠ   짮 Wi-Fi, ᢥ񭭮 ⭮ ᮭ,    ⢥    㣥, ⮦  ⠢  襣. ,   ⭮  ⮫쪮  ⨭筮 , 騩 ᯮ짮 Wi-Fi    ⮩稢, ᯥ樠쭮 訢  稨 ࢨ  ᯮᮡ  .
 ⮬ 祢 䠪஬ ᯥ -ᯮ ⨪ J'son& Partner   ⠦ ᮭ,    ஢ ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡ 㦠騥, ਬ, ⥫   ⥭樠쭮  ।⠢塞  Wi-Fi. - ᯥ樠 㪠뢠  室 ஢ ஢ࠬ ⨢ ४ , ᫨  ᮢ  ਢ祭 襣 ᫠ ᯮᮡ 짮⥫.
 ᠥ ࠧ Wi-Fi  ,    祭 2005    祬 225-業  ᫠ -ᯮ⮢, ⠪  ᫨  ⢮   2004 室  73 000,    ⥪饣  ᫮ 祪 㯠   240 000. 饥   ஢ 뭪     ࠭ ,    室 49% -ᯮ⮢.   ண ⠫ 2005  28% 祪 뫨   , ⠪  ⢮ ய᪨ -ᯮ⮢ ᮮ⢥⢮ 23%.



 10.
ᥭ  Wi-Fi?

 ஢ ᮥ ᯥ稢 ᯮ짮 ⮪ WPA  WEP, ⢫ ஫  ⥭䨪樥 짮⥫  ஢ ⥢ 䨪. ஬ -樨 䨪 40, 64   128  箬,  ஢   롮  ,   ࠡ ன⢠ । .   WLAN ᯮ ᮡ 孮 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, ᯥ稢 ᮪ ⮩稢  ᥬ  ᪠  堬  ࠤ. ࠡ稪  ﭭ ࠡ  ᮢ襭⢮  ஢ ⥩.



 11.
 ⥩ Wi-Fi

 ஢      祢 ,  ⠭ (stations)   㯠 (access points). ஢   㭪樮஢   ०: ad-hoc (peer-to-peer)  infrastructure.  ࢮ 砥 ⥢ 窨     㣮,  ஬ 砥   祪 㯠,  ⮬ 砥 ⠪ 窨 㦠  ⢥ Ethernet ⮢.
  窠 । ।祩   ⠭ ᮥ.   㤭   窮  ⮬  ⢮ ᥣ  ﭨ:
 ⥭䨪  ன  窠  
 ⥭䨪 ன,  窠  
 ⥭䨪 ਭ  窠 ᮥ
⭮  㤭 ,   묨   ⮫쪮  쥬 砥.  ⠭ ᮥ ஭  ࠢ騬 ⠬, 窠 㯠 । ⥫ ᨣ  䨪஢ ࢠ, , ਭ ⠪ , 稭 ⥭䨪 뫪 ⥫쭮 ३, ᫥ ਧ樨  뫠  ᮥ,  窠 -  ⢥ত ᮥ ஢   .

堭 ᭮
⠭ 802.1  ஢ ⥩ ।ᬠਢ ᪮쪮 堭 ᯥ祭 ᭮ .  ⮬ ࠧ  ᬮਬ  ᭮,  ᯮ㥬.

Wired Equivalent Protocol
Wired Equivalent Protocol,  WEP, ࠧࠡ⠭  ஬ ⠭ 802.1. ᭮ 㭪 WEP - ஢   ।  ࠤ  ।饭 ਧ 㯠  ஢ .  㬮砭 WEP ⪫,        ⠪ 砥   ஢  室騩 .  ஢ WEP ᯮ  RC4.

WEP 2
।⠢  2001  ᫥ 㦥 ⢠ ப  ࢮ ᨨ, WEP 2  襭 堭 ஢,  প Cerberus V. ⭮,   প ⠪ ⥬     ᨫ.

Open System Authentication
⥬ ⥭䨪樨,  㬮砭 ᯮ㥬  ⮪ 802.11. ⢥ ⥬  ⠪  - ⥭䨪 室 ,  訢.  砥 OSA    WEP, ⠪   室 ᯥਬ⮢ 뫮 ᭥,   ⥭䨪樨 뫠  ஢.

Access Control List
 ⮪ 802.11  뢠,  ᯮ   ⢥   ⠭ ⮤. ᭮ ⠪ ⮤ - ᪨ Ethernet MAC, 㭨   窨. 窠 㯠 ࠭稢     ᮮ⢥⢨  ᢮ ᯨ᪮  ᮢ,    ᯨ᪥   ࠧ,  - , .

Closed Network Access Control
   ᫮:   ࠧ蠥  짮⥫ ᮥ  ,      ⮫쪮 ,    , SSID. ⥢   ⠪ 砥 㦨 ᥪ 箬.

⠪
  業 95% ⥩ ࠪ᪨     뢠 ⮤  98% 蠭  ᯥ. 祬  ᯮ짮 ⠪ ? , ਬ,  祭 ᯫ⭮ 㯠  ୥, 祭 ਠ, ।⠢  ,     ࠧ祭,   ⫨稥  樮୮   堪  ஢ । - 쭮  ਢ쭮 .

Access Point Spoofing& MAC Sniffing
᮪ 㯠  ਣ  ᯮ짮 ᮢ⭮  ࠢ쭮 䨪樥 짮⥫  ⮬ ᠬ ᯨ᪥.  砥    ᮬ Access Control List 祭  , ⠪  ⠪    (஢ ⥢   ணࠬ   )    墠, ⠪     砥  WEP ।  ⮬ .  ࠧ, ୮ ஭  ,  Access Control List  ᯮ짮   २⢠  .
 砥     譨 ᮡ⢥ 窨 㯠  㣠 : ⠭ ccess oint 冷  饩  - ᫨  ᨣ ᨫ쭥 ਣ쭮,      ,    ⮩ , ।  ⮬  ⮫쪮  ,   ஫  稥 .

WEP Attacks
 ᭥  ⠪ ᭠砫, 㬠, 室 ᪠  ⮬,      WEP. ⠪,   :
   室 ஢ 楫⭮,  뤠 ஫쭠 㬬 (integrity check value, ICV).  ⮪ 802.11  ⮣ ᯮ RC-32.
 ICV    .
  24-  樠樨 (IV)    ਢ뢠 ᥪ . 祭 祭  室  樨 ᥢ砩 ᫠.
  砩 ᥫ 뤠 祢 ᫥⥫쭮.
  XOR'  ⮩ 祢 ᫥⥫쭮.
  樠樨       ।  .

Plaintext ⠪
 ⠪  ⠪騩  室 ᫠    ஢ ⢥. 饥  -  .   祭 ⠪騩 뫠 楫     砥 ⢥, 稢 ,  室 24-  樠樨, ᯮ㥬  ஢  - 宦   ⠪ 砥 ᥣ   .
㣮 ਠ -  XOR. ᫨    ᫠ plain text   ஢ ਠ,    XOR'    室 砥 ,    ஬   <㧨>     ⥭䨪樨  窥 㯠.

୮ ᯮ짮 
⠪騩 楯   祢 ᫥⥫쭮.    ஢ WEP   ⢮ 쭮  , ⠪騩  墠뢠 祢 ⮪, ᯮ ࠧ IV, ᮧ  ᥡ  ᫥⥫쭮.  ࠧ, 堪  ஢뢠 ᮮ饭, ᯮ    XOR,     ஢    ᣥ஢ ࠭ 祢 ⮪   㤥 ஢.

⠪ Fluhrer-Mantin-Shamir
⮬ 諮  ࠡ⭨ Cisco Scott Fluhrer, Itsik Mantin  Adi Shamir  筮  ࠨ, 㦨 梨  ⬥ Key Scheduling Algorithm (KSA)  ࠡ⠥  RC4.       24-  WEP, ⠪  128-  WEP 2.  ᥮饥 ७ 뫮 ।⠢  ணࠬ - Air snort  WEPCrack.

Low-Hanging Fruit
⢥  ᭮        ⠪,    堫   ⥩. 設⢮ ஢ ⥩ ᮫⭮  饭,    ॡ ਧ樨    ᯮ WEP, ⠪  祫  ஢ ⥢ 窮  ᪠஬     Access Point'  ᯮ짮    ।⠢塞.    -  騥 ,  ࢠ  ⠢  㤠:



 12.
᭮ ⥩

⠪,  ᬮ५ ᭮ ஡ ᭮, ⠫ ६      堪஢.  ⮩   㧭  ᭮ ⮤    ஭:

 -ᮢ
 ⮬ ਠ  ⠢ ᯨ᮪  ᮢ ⥢  ⮢.  砥 ᪮쪨  室 ।ᬮ, ⮡    ⢮  ,    ९⢥ ६  .   ⮤  , ⠪     ᯮ짮  ४.

WEP
ᯥ稢 ஢  ।   ⮬  ࢥ஬,    㦥 뢠, ⠪    . ᯮ짮 , ⥬  ,   㦭,    騪  .

SSID (Network ID)
ࢮ ⪮  ஢  뫠 ⥬ ⥢ 䨪஢  SSID.  ⪥       । ᥬ 䠢⭮-஢ , ᯮ  SSID    㢥७,  ⮫쪮 騥    ᮥ  襩 .  ᯮ짮 WEP ⥢ 䨪  । ,   筮 ன⢥  ࠭   plain-text'a, ⠪  諥, 騩   ᠬ ᬮ  .

Firewall
 室  ⢥ ,     ਧ 㯠.     ⢫   IPSec, secure shell  VPN  ࠭   ஥  ࠡ   ⨬ 묨 ᮥﬨ -     ⢨ ⥫ <ᥪ>.

AccessPoints
 㯠  ࠨ  䨫  ᮢ, ஬ ⮣, 䨧᪨ ᠬ  室 ஢  㦠.  ⠪  䨣஢  ⮫쪮  telnet, 㡨 䨣 १ 㧥  SNMP.

 
᭮ ᭮ 室 뢠   ⠤ ஥஢ ஢ .  ᪮쪮 襪,   <> ࠢ :
 頩 ᢮    VPN  access control list
 窠 㯠     ᮥ  쭮 ,  ᫨ WEP 
 窠 㯠    室  ࠭
  ⠬ ஢     secure shell, IPSec  㠫  .  ᯥ稢 ਥ ஢ ᭮.



 13.
 Wi-Fi 

< ꥤ ⥬>, Fujitsu Siemens Computers, Intel  <ၨኮᠫ⨭>   ᪥  ஥ <Wi-Fi >, ࠢ  ᮧ  祪 ஢ 㯠  ਧ  ୥-襭.  ஥ <Wi-Fi > 易  砫 ⨢ ࠧ ⥩ ஢ । , ᯮᮡ   ॡ⥫᪮ ᥪ, ⠪  ௮⨢.
 ஥ 砥  ᮧ   ᪮  -ᯮ⮢, 筮  墠 設⢠ ⢥   業஢ ᪢  ᮢ ࠭ 孮 Wi-Fi. ⥣ ࠧ ஥ । ࠡ  ᪮쪨 ࠢ: ࣠ 祪 ஢ 㯠  㡫   ᯮ짮 ஢ 孮  ⢥ ୠ⨢   ⥩.  ࠧ  2005-2006 .  ⨥  200 -ᯮ⮢. 樨  ஥ ⠢ $3,3 .>.
 த ஥ । ᯮ짮   ਠ 㤭⢠  稪: ࣠ -ᯮ     裡, ⠪   , ࠡ  騬 ⠬  ७ 饣     裡, ਢ祭 稪, 㦤  ࣠樨 񭭮 쭮 ࠤ.  ࠧ, <> 砥  ᮧ  ⮯ , 㢥 ᢮ ⢨  ਨ ᪢  ⭮     ᥣ 뭪. ᭮   ॠ樨 ⮩ - - ⨭,  業,  頤, 騥 ⭮襭  -⠬, ॠ쭮 ਭ騬  70% 室  Wi-Fi.
 ࠡ  ஥⮬ ਢ祭 㯭訥 ஢  Fujitsu Siemens Computers, Intel  <ၨኮᠫ⨭>, ⨥   ⥫쭮 ⥯   <Wi-Fi >.    蠥   ⨢ ன⢠  প Wi-Fi, 㦥 ᥩ   孨 ⠢  80%  饬  ⨢ ன,    ᮬ ୮ Wi-Fi-襭  饬.



 14.
Wi-Fi  ࠪ⨪

 孮 Intel Centrino         ᠫ ࠧ  . 뢠 ᠬ 孮, ஡ ᬠਢ 㪨   ⮩ 孮, 뫨 ।⠢   ⨨ -ᯮ⮢,   ᫮  뫮 ᪠  ⢥ ࠡ  ஢ c. ⠥ ࠢ ᫮    ᢮ 饭  ࠡ  ஢ 㪮  㬥  Intel,  訫  饬- .  2003  ௮ Intel ᮧ 䮭  ⠫ 150  ஢  権  , ᯮᮡ騥 ७  ७   㭪樮 ⥩  ஢ 㯠.

 ࠡ⠥  Centrino?
䥩 ।  ⨯ IEEE 802.11b ⥣஢   , ஥  孮 Centrino    ꥬ ⠢ .  ⮬  ⮬᪨ 室  騥 -ᯮ (᫨ ⠪ )  訢  짮⥫ ஫  祭.

   ६  ਪ
 ,  ⤠ ࠩ ࠭, 㤭 ப ஢, ⮬ ஢     ୠ⨢. ⮡ ⠢ ୥  ᥫ ⭮, 室   ᯥ ஢ ன. ࠫ쭠   㭨樨 . 18  ⮣  ,  襭 ஡ 㤥 80 業⭮ 襭 ,  ஢  ᬮ ᯮ짮  ᮥ ஢  㣨 ஭ ன  ᮡ.
஢ ப ୥   뭪      樨.   ᥣ譨 ,     筮, ⮡ 墠 ப ᮥ  ⤠  ᥫ ⪨.   室  5 殢 .   , 祬  ᪨ ࠤ  ⥫ ⠭権.



 15.
  ஢ 

   ஢ ணࠬ ন 짮⥫᪨ ०. ⥢   ⨬ २⢠   ࠧ.  ப뢠    - ⨥    񣪨. ।     襭 ⮩ ஡ - ஢ .
 ᪮쪮  訥 <ப> த  ୮ 뭪 孮 ஢ ⥩. ᫨ ࢮ砫쭮    뤢 ᢮ 襭, ᮢ⨬  ⠫묨,  ᥣ <ப> 諨   室 ࠧ  ᮢ襭⢮  ⠭ - WiFi.   WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) 祭.  ᭮  孮 802.11b,  ࠡ⠥   2,4    ᨬ ⥮ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 11 /.   㣠 孮, 802.11a,   ࠡ⠥ ⮫쪮  . 㭨樨  ⭮ ,   5 , 䠪᪨ 饭  ᨨ   ய. ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 802.11a  - 54 /,  ࠤ ⢨   . ⮡  ந⥫쭮 802.11b,  ந⥫ ஢ <᪮७> ,    ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 22 /.  孮 稫  802.11b+.
, ,  ⠭,    孮 802.11g,   室  ⠤ ࠡ⪨. ⠭ 㤥 த ᯮ짮   2,4 ,  ⮬  ,  ᢮ ।, ᮢ⨬  802.11b,     ᢥ⫮ 饥. 孮 802.11g ᯥ稢 ᨬ ⥮ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 54 /,    㬥襭 ࠤᮬ ⢨  ࠢ  802.11b.

 ⢨, ᪮  㤮
᪮ Wi-Fi  ஢ ⮪ 裡,  ࠪਧ ࠤᮬ ⢨.  ந⥫ 㪠뢠 ᨬ ⥮᪨ ࠤ 150 ஢.  ⠪ ﭨ    ⢨ ९⢨   ࠭ ᨣ.  ⮣,  ᨬ쭮 ﭨ    ᮪ ᪮, ᪮  㤥 ⠯ 㬥  1 /. ⮡   㢥祭 ﭨ  뢠, WiFi ।ᬠਢ ⮬ ன ᪮ ।  ᨬ  ᫮ 裡.



 16.
Wi-Fi  ᠬ:   ஢!

 Connexion, ࠧ Boeing, த  ᢮ ⥫쭮 - -ᯮ 㦥 ⠭    Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines, SAS, ANA  Japan Airlines.
१ -   ⠫   ᥡ .  ⮬   㦥 猪 ନ,  ⠫ ।  , ஫⠫ ୠ   ᯥ ᬮ 䨫,     㬠  ᬮ,   .    ᫥騥 ,     ᮢ ?
ࠧ  Boeing - Connexion , ⮡ ᠦ ᥣ 뫨  㪥  த⨢ ࠡ⠫  ६ .  ⮣ Connexion ᯥ稢 ᠦ஢ ᪮ 㯮  ୥ १ ⭨.  ࢨ Connexion ࠧࠡ뢠  祭 ᪮쪨 , ⠪  ᫥ ࠣ᪨ ᮡ⨩ 11 ᥭ   ॢ    㭠த ३ ந諠  ⠣.
 㦡 㦥 ࠡ⠥   ᠬ    Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines, SAS, ANA  Japan Airlines. ,   祭 ⮣    ᮥ China Airlines, El Al  Korean Air. British Airways ⠪ ᪠ ७ ᮥ,   ப 祣  ᮮ騫. Lufthansa ᯮ ࢨ Connexion  ३  13 த ୮ ਪ  ଠ, SAS -   ३  .
Connexion १ ᪨  ।  ।⥫    த⥫쭮 ५, ⠪    ६. ᫨     ᮢ,  ࠭祭 ᯮ짮 ୥    $14,95;     - $19,95;   - $29,95.  ६  ୥    ⮨ $9,95, ᫥ 祣  㤥   25 業⮢   ᫥ . ன ਠ ᭥ ᯮ짮  த⥫ ,     $10 - $15,  $30.
 ६ 祭    ࠭ ਧ樨, 騩 ਧ  -ᯮ,  ஬ ।   ।⭮ 窨. ।  頥 SSL.

ਭ樯 ࠡ
Connexion ᯮ 樮 ⭨, ࠡ騥   Ku,   ।    ⠭権     ᨢ, 室騥  ⪠ 頤  ⭨  ஢.  ⭨ ⠭ ⢮  ࠭஢, ⤥쭮    ।,  뢠 ࠭ ॣ.  Ku     10,7  12,75 ,   ᯥ稢 ᮪ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ .
 ࡨ 뢥 ᪮쪮 ⪮ Ku-⭨, 묨  ࠧ  ᥣ . Boeing 㤭砥  ᪮쪨 ⭨묨 ࠬ   室 㤥   ⢮.
  ਭ 襭 ᯮ짮   ⭨ 裡,   ᯥ  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ, ⮡ 짮⥫ ᬮ ࠡ  ୥  ᠬ ⠪ ,   .
 ⮣ ⮡   ᨯ, Connexion 訫 ᯮ짮 㦥 饩 孮.
뫮 室 ᮧ ⥬,  ᬮ ࠡ  ᠬ, 饬  ᪮  1000 /      ,     짮 ୥⮬ ᪮쪨 ⪠ ᠦ஢ ६.
 孮 Connexion 砥  ᯮ짮 ⭨ ⥭. ⥭  㦨 ஢  ᠬ⮬  ⭨.  ࠧࠡ⠭  ⮬ ⮣, ⮡  䥪⨢ ।  ਭ ᨣ  ⭨.
  䥪⨢ 㤥 ⥭, ⥬  㣠 㤥 ⮨ Boeing,  ⥬  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 㤥 ᯥ稢.   ﭭ ᫥  ⭨,  室   37  ஢  ஬  뢠   75 ࠤᮢ ᥢ୮   .  ⬥,    室 99,2 業 ५⮢.
  ୥ ᯥ稢  殮 ᥣ ५.   ᠦ ⬥ ய ,   楫   ⠡쭮. 祬, ய  ⪮६ ࠪ.
ࠨ騥 ⥭  ᠬ 뢠  ⭨, ,  ᢮ ।,  ﭭ ᮥ  묨 ⠭ﬨ. Boeing ᯮ ⠭樨  ⮭ (Littleton), ࠤ; ; ਨ  ᪢.  ⠭  樠쭮  뫠 , ,  ,   ࠡ 㦥  ⮬ .
 ᮥ  ᠬ⮬ ⠢ 5 /  室饣 䨪 (-⭨-ᠬ)  1 / -  室饣 (ᠬ-⭨-).  筨,      20 /,     ॡ  5 /.
 Connexion,  設⢥ ᢮, । ⠭  ᠬ ⮫쪮  Wi-Fi.  ᠬ 㤮 Ethernet-⠬, ਬ  ⮢ Lufthansa,  ⮫쪮  -  ࢮ . (  筮 ⠭  ஧⪨ ⠭).
筮 , 㪠  ய᪠ ࠧ   짮⥫ ᠬ,     筮.

 ⮫쪮  ᠦ஢
 ।, ୥⮬  짮,   ।, ᠦ ᠬ⮢.  ।⠢⥫ Boeing ᮮ,  ᮥ Connexion  ᯮ짮  㣨 㦤. ਬ, 㦥  ⮬   ᠬ Singapore Airlines   ப⥫쭠 । . 砫 Connexion ।   ⥩  ⥫ ।,   쭥襬   㣨,  ⭮, ᯮ⨢.
,   頭   ࠧ  ⥫樭.   ᬮ 㤠񭭮   ᠦ஬   - ४樨  ⨭   ᪨ ⥫ ⨯   ਠ쭮 .  ⮣ ᠦ 㤥     ᠤ.  ਭ樯, 㦥 ᥣ  ᠬ  ᮢ⮢  묨 樭᪨ 㦡,    ॠ쭮 ६  ᪨    .
 饬  ᬮ  ⠫쭮 ᮮ  ஡  ᠬ,  襭  ॡ 孨᪠ প,   ਧ. ᪨ ⥬ ᬮ । ﭨ ᠬ  ।०  ࠢ⥩.
Boeing ⨬筮 ⭮  ⮬,   饬 Wi-Fi 㤥 ࠡ  ⢥ ࠫ쭮  ᠬ, ।⠢ ࠧ 㣨. 孮 Wi-Fi 筮  ࠧ, ⠪   ⠪ ᠬ,  787, Wi-Fi    ⮫쪮 ࠫ  㭨権,   ࠫ ࠧ祭.

 ஡?
 Connexion 룫 ⨬筮,   ⮨ 뢠    ஡.

࠭祭  Ku
⭨, ࠡ騥   Ku, ࠢ  । ਨ.   ᠬ, 室騥   ਨ,  ॣ㧨  ய᪠ ⭨. ᫨ Connexion  ப ਧ,   猪 ਤ ७ ࠧ  ࠭஢,  ਤ ⮫  墠⪮  ய᪠   㦥 . 筮,  뢥  ࡨ ⥫ ⭨,   祭 ண.

᭮
Connexion  ।⠢  ஢  ⨯ 802.1X  VPN. 짮⥫    ᮡ⢥ ᭮ ᠬ⥫쭮.  ,    砥  㣨 묨 ﬨ, ᫥ ᯮ짮  ᥠ 裡.  ⭮,  ⮪ ⨯ POP, SMTP  IMAP    । १ ஢ ᮥ  VPN.
ࢨ VPN  <㯨>, ਬ,  HotSpotVPN.com,  ⮬  ⮫쪮 ᪠ ,  ࠭祭 䨪.  ⭨ 襣 ஢ 諨  ⮬,  VPN-ᮥ ࠡ⠫  ६ ५⮢ ⪮,  ⥩.
 ᠥ ᭮, Connexion  ᮮ頥,    ᯥ稢.   ᥬ,  ᯮ ।⢠ VLAN,   ࠧ 䨪 짮⥫,- 筮 ࠭񭭠 ࠪ⨪  -ᯮ.

  㡮
⢥ ७⮬ Boeing    Tenzing,  ।  ᪮ ।   ᪮  64  128 /.  裡 ᯮ  AirFone  ਨ   ᪮⭠  ⭨  쥣  Inmarsat     㣨 . ᫥ ꥤ  諮  Tenzing ॢ⨫   OnAir,  筮 ਭ ७ Boeing - Airbus.
ࢨ ⮨ ண -  ᬮ     ᮮ饭 ਤ   $10  $20.  ࢨ ࠭祭    ⮫쪮 ஢મ  १ web-䥩,  祭 ⠭ १ ७ ப-ࢥ ᠬ.  Inmarsat 㦥 ⨫   - ⭨ ⮣ ,  ᯥ ᪮ ।  432 /   ࠢ   ,  ⮬  ᠬ  뤥 1, 2  4  ६. ᪮ 樮 ஭ Inmarsat 㦥 ᯮ   ᠬ⮢,  襭 Tenzing ॡ    㤮, ᫥ 祣  㦥  㤥 ᯮ짮.  ,  ⥬  ࠡ 㦥   ⮣ .
Inmarsat ᯮ ࠢ ࠭,   ନ஢ 㧪 , 䮪஢   .  ࠧ,  ࠢ   㦭 .    ⭨  ⠭ ⮫쪮 ᪮쪨 ⥭ ࠭ᯮ-஢. ⮬ Inmarsat ਤ , ⮡ ᯥ ⢥ 㣨.
 ᢮ ஥ Connexion ᬮ ꥤ 筮 ᮪ ᪮    ॠ, ᯥ稢 񦭮, 㤨⥫쭮  প  ᮪ ⠡쭮 .
⥬ ⥯ ࠭   襥 ⢮ ३ᮢ ᭮ .  ᫥  Connexion 񧭮 ਫ  ᢮ ⮢  த  ⥬.
᫨   ௮⨢ 짮⥫   襬 㪥 㦥 ⠭ 室 㦡 㯠  㥬 , १ -ᯮ ⥫  ய,   蠥  ᪮ Connexion.
Connexion ᠫ  ᮣ襭  ᪮쪨 ௮ﬨ,  १ 祣 ࠡ⭨  騩 ௮⨢ 室   짮 ୥⮬  ६ ५⮢.
쭮 ᭮,   Boeing 㯨  ஢,    ஥. 祬, Connexion, -, 諠  ࠧ஢  . ⭮,  ᪮  ⮦ ⠭ ஢!



 17.
饥 㦥 ᥣ?!

  ᯮ  ࠧ: <⮢    Wi-Fi,  㪠,  쭮  ?>. 筮, 設⢮    ⮢ 㯠 ᥡ     業 ঠ ⢥ ⮬. ஢  ॡ  ,    ࠧ 㦭 訥 ᨫ.  饬  ࠢ  ⥬  뫮  1994   ⮢ .  ⥫䮭 ⮣ ⮨ ਫ ,  뫠 祭 ண,   뫮 祭  祭 .      ᥩ, 㬠, ᪠뢠  .
  ᯮ,  孮 ⥯    . ⠭  ᬥ  㣠   ,  ஢  㯨 ᯮ⢮ ஢. 窨 Wi-FI ⠭  窠  墠  ⠥ ࠭⢮ . 室  ୥  㤥   ᥫ񭭮 㭪,  ᪮ 㤥 ࠭祭  ᪮ 񬭮 ன⢠ (, -  ..).  䠭筮,      ⮬.




 3.
ࠫ  裡



 1.
- ⮢

० ᥣ ।  ⥬,  ।⠢ ᮡ ୥:  ᪮쪮 ஬   ॣ ࠫ ⥩ 裡, ꥤ   㣮. ᭮ 䨧᪨ ⥫ ⠪ ⥩  ⮢, २⢠ ண  묨 ﬨ  :   ⢨ 筮 ஬⭮ 祭,  ਨ稢  ஬ 堬,  襭 쭮 ।  ( 70  300 )    - ᥨ ᢥ , 筮, 襭 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ. ,  ⫨稥  ᪨ 楯,  ।   ⮢ ॡ ᥣ  ஢. ⪨ ᪮ , 맢 䨧᪨ ᢮⢠ ᠬ ਠ, ⮦ : ⭮⥫쭠 㯪 ( ᣨ ᪮    㣫), 㤭 㦥  ,  ⠪ 室 ᯮ짮 ᯥ樠쭮 㤮  ஢ 殢 .
   ⪨ -   ࠢ  ⥭樠묨 ﬨ ⮢. ᪠ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⮣ ⥫ - 100 /,  ᮢ६    ⮫쪮 ᪮  1 /, , 祬, ⮦ .  ⮩ ⨬᪮  筮  稢 ᠭ ࠫ ⥩  <୮ >.  祬  㬠稢 騪?  ⮬,  ४᭮ ⭮ 裡⠬.   ⮬,   饥 ६ ᯮ ⮫쪮  ⥮᪨   ய᪠ ⮢.  ⥫쭮 ⥯  맢 ᮢ襭⢮ 孮 ⮢ ⥪ﭭ ,     , 騥 ᢥ  ᨭ, ⠪  ᭮  ࠪ᭮ ᯥ஢.    ந⥫, । 襭 ⮩ ஡, 뫠  Lucent Technologies,    1998    ࠧࠡ⪥ ⮢,   饭   .  ⢥ত ࠧࠡ稪, ਭ  ⮣ ᥢ ⥫ 㢥祭  100   ࠢ  묨 묨 ᢥ⮢.  १   ᯮ짮  ।  ࠭  ⢮  1400 .    ࠧ  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  10 /,  ப ७ ⠪ ⥩   砫.
   ,    䨧  娬  殢 <⨬ >    ॡ,  ࠧ  孮 ।    易.   孮 ᯮ ᥣ  ࠫ ?   ।  孮 ᯥࠫ쭮 㯫⭥ WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing),  ६ ।  ⮢ ᪮쪮 ᨣ  ࠧ筮  .  ਬ,  ࠡ   1550  ⠭⮬ G.692 㭠த  裡 ।ᬠਢ  ப   ਭ  100  ( 0,8 )  㧪     2,5  10 /.   ᮢ襭⢮ 孮 WDM த:   ਭ   0,4   0,2 ,  ᪮ ।  -  160 /.
४᭠ 孮,    ࠤ.  ᯥ樠 ,   ᯥࠫ쭮 㯫⭥   ਭ樯 ⮪:  ᨫ  樨 ᪨ ᨣ ᯥࢠ ८ࠧ  ᪨,  ⥬ ⭮  ᪨.  㤨 諮 ᫮  㤮஦ ஥ ࠫ ⥩, ⮬ 饥 -   ᪨ ( ⮭묨) ﬨ,   ᨫ ண  孮᪮ ᮢ襭⢠   稫 ࠭.  ᯥ⨢ ࠡ⪨  ⮩ , ᫮, : 㦥 ᥣ  ᯮ짮 ᨫ⥫  ᭮ ⮢, ஢ ࡨ (EDFA),   ।   ᪨   ﭨ   ஢.  ⨧樨 ᨣ  ࠧ    ⠪  ਬ ஬堭᪨ ⥬ 樨 (MEMS), 騥   ઠ.   ᫮ 㦥 뢠 ⥬ ⨧樨,   騥 堭᪨ ⥩,  ⭮ ⨧  ᭮  ⠫,     ।⠢ ᥣ 16 ⮢,    ⥩ ᮢ६ ஧ઠ ⥬. ⮬ ᯥ ⮭   ࠭.
 ᢮ ६ ஬ ⨦ ⠫ ᨭ஭ ⮢  裡,  ந ⥫䮭묨 ﬨ  ஢ । ᮢ .  ய   稫  SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy - ᨭ஭ ஢ ),   ୮ ਪ - SONET (Synchronous Digital NETwork - ᨭ஭ ஢  裡).   ࠭ 頭 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ,  ⠪    ᪮ ।   155 /  40 /.  ६   SDH ஭  ୥,     ᨫ ᢮ ᯥ䨪  뫨 ⨬஢  ।   樨 ⮢, ⮬ ࠡ  묨 ⠭⠬, ⠭묨  ⢨  묨 ⥬ Ethernet  IP/MPLS, த   . ᥬ  ⮨⢠ 孮 ।  Ethernet: 襢   ஥ . ⨬ SDH  Ethernet (ᮡ  10-) ⥮᪨ 砥 ஬ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ      짮⥫  㤮. ᫨ ᯮ짮 10- Ethernet  ਬ塞 ᥣ    䥩ᮢ Frame Relay  ATM,  ᪮ ।    SDH ᨬ쭮 ਡ  10 /.  襭 ।⠢ ⨬묨,  ਬ,  ࣠樨 த᪨ ⥩  ᭮ SDH.    ॠ ஥    栬.
᫨    孮 Gigabit Ethernet ࠪ᪨ ᭨ ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode - ० ᨭ஭ ।),   ࠫ ,  ⮬ ᫥   ௮⨢, ATM, ᬮ  ண 㤮,    ப ᯮ㥬 孮.  ⮨⢮ ATM   樨   ⮢  ⠭  ﭭ  ᪮ ।    ६ প.   , ந⥫쭮 ATM 񧭮 ମ - 室 ८ࠧ IP-⮢  53- (53-) 祩 ATM  ⭮. ⮬ ᮢ६ ATM-㤮  প ⮤ MPLS, ᮧ,  ᮯ殮 ⮪ IP  ATM.
⮪ IP,     ⮬ ,   ⮫쪮 २⢠, ।  த⢨, 襢  ﭭ ⮢,   ⠪ ⪨,  ᯮ짮 ⥢ ⮪  ⠭ ᮥ,  񭭮  ⢨ প ⢠  (QoS).  ⮤ ஢ 樨  ⪠ MPLS, ࠧࠡ⠭   90-  諮 ⮫,     ⪮ IP. ᢮ <⮪> ⮪  蠥 ந⥫쭮  頥 ⨧ ⮪,  ⢫   ᭮  ஢ ଠ樨,   <⪠> ।񭭮 . ஬ ⮣,  MPLS   ᯮ짮 QoS (।ᬮ७  ATM),  室  ᮧ 㠫  ⥩ (VPN). 孮 MPLS  ⮫쪮 㤠筮,  騥    ᭮ 㦥    ᨨ.  ਬ,  <࠭ᒥ> c ५ 2004  ।⠢ 㣨 VPN   ᢮ ⮢ ࠫ    IP/MPLS  ⭠ ॣ ᨨ,  ⥫䮭  <>  ﭢ 2004  ந ᮡ⢥ ࢨ   ᭮ MPLS.



 2.
<᫥ >

ண 祢,     ਤ  ᪮.   㯨ࠥ  ࠭祭  <᫥ >,  ॠ,   ࠭,  ᢮ த <室> 孮. ࠪ᪨  諠   ॢᨬ     ⥬  騪 孮 ISDN (Integrated Service Digital Network - ஢   ⥣樥 㦡), ࠧࠡ⠭  ⠢   ⥫䮭 ᪨  ஢ ᮢ ᨣ  . ᪠ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⥩ ISDN ⠢ ᥣ 160 /,  ॠ쭠 - 144 / (128 / -  ᨣ, 16 / - ᨭ஭  ஢),  㤮  ⠪ ⥩  쬠 ண. ⮬,  ISDN  ᯮ  拉 ࠭ (ਬ,  ୮ ਪ  ଠ)  㯠  ୥, ᮢ ਧ  稫  ᪮ 孮, ० ᥣ xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line - ஢ ᪠ ).
xDSL ⠪ ᯥ稢 ஢ ।   筮 ⥫䮭 ,   ⮬ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⠪ ⥩ ⢥ , 祬  ISDN.  ⢮ ਠ⮢ xDSL,   ᠬ ࠭ - ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - ᨬ筠 ஢ ᪠ ). ᪮,  ࠢ, 짮⥫   ଠ樨, 祬 ࠢ ᠬ, ᨬ筠     ᪮ 室饣 䨪   ࠭祭 ᪮ 室饣. ᨬ쭠 ᪮ 室饣 䨪   ADSL ⠢ 6,144 /,  室饣 - 640 / (  64 / ᯮ ⥢ ࠢ騬 ).      ,   : ᨬ쭠 ᪮ ।   ⠪  ⨦   ᥣ. ࠭稢騬 䠪஬  ⢮ ᠬ ⥫䮭 ᪮ , ᪨ ࠪ⨪ ன ⠡   ᠬ ࠧ ࠭. ⮬  ADSL- ਬ ⨢ 孮, ࠭  ᨬ ᪮ 㯠,   ᯮ㥬 .  ᨨ, ਬ,   ADSL-祭  ᪮ 室饣 䨪 32 /,  ଠ쭮, , ⮫쪮   .   , ADSL 쭮  ࠭  ࠭  孮 㯠  ୥  ⨬ ᮮ⭮襭 業/⢮. ᪮ ।⠢   ᭮ ADSL 砫   2000  ﬨ < >  -ࣥ,  ⠪   <-⥫> (<窠.>) -  ᪢.  ᮢ묨  㣨 ⠪   ⠫. -,  ७  業  । ⠬ ⮫쪮 ண騥 ᪨ ன⢠  㯭 , ᪮    ᨫ 㦨 ⪨  ⭨  稪.
  ਠ ᨬ筮 xDSL - VDSL (Very-high bit rate Digital Subscriber Line - ᢥ᮪᪮⭠ ஢ ᪠ ) - ᯥ稢  ᯮ짮  ⮩  ᪮ 室饣 ⮪  12,9  52,8 /,  室饣 -  1,5  2,3 /.  ⮪ VDSL -  쭮 裡,  ॢ 1,5 , ⮬  ⨦  ᪮⥩ ॡ 業 ᪮  (ONU - ᪨ ⥢ ),   ⮢ ᮥ 㯯 ⮢  ⥫䮭 ⠭樥.  ਭ樯 VDSL   ᪨ ࠢ ୠ⨢  ண饩 ⮢ 뤥 ,  ᮢ 짮⥫     㯭.
⮡  ⮫ ⨢   ᨬ筮 ⢮, 㯮  ⮬,   砫 2003  뫨 ਭ ⠭ ADSL ண  - ADSL2. ।  ᠬ  ⨦ -  ணࠬ   㦥 ଠ樨  ।     2  32 /,  ᮡ 㠫쭮   让 񭭮,   ய᪠ 㦠  128 /. ᨬ쭠 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  ᫠  12 /  室饣 䨪,    । ADSL-  <ᮢ>  ᨬ쭠 ᪮ 室饣 䨪 ᨫ   900 /. ࢮ 㤮  ADSL2  -   뭪,   । 㦥 ७ 孮 ADSL2+, ⠭⮬   ।ᬮ७ ᪮ 室饣 䨪  25 /  쭮 裡 1,5 .  ᮪ ᪮ ⨣  襭 孥 ࠭ ࠡ祩 ⭮   1,1  2,2 ,   ⮬ 񭭮  ᪮ 裡, ࠧ㬥,    ਢ 祭.
筮, ᨬ筮 祭 室   ᥬ:  ਬ,  , 襩 ᢮ ⠬   ⠫, ࠧ񭭮  ७ ࢥ, ॡ  ᪮  室饣 䨪.  ⮬ 砥  ᯮ짮  ண ᨬ 孮 SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line - ᨬ筠 ஢ ᪠ ),  ᯥ稢 ᨬ ᪮ 㯠  2,048 / ( ᨬ  ﭨ  㧫 裡  ⢠ )  쭮 ᮥ  6 .  ணᨢ 䨪 ᨬ筮  - HDSL (High-Rate Digital Subscriber Line - ᮪᪮⭠ ஢ ᪠ ),   ᪮ 1,544 /   ࠢ.  ⮬  HDSL,  ⫨稥  ADSL, 室 㦥   ,  쭮 裡 ࠭祭 1,5 ,  ॡ   쭮 ⥬ ⢥ .  ⪠⮩稢 HDSL 蠥   ᯮ짮   :         뢠,  ᪮ 㯠  .
 ᮦ, ᬮ  ⢮ ᫥ ⠭ HDSL, ᮢ⨬ HDSL-㤮 ࠧ ந⥫ ⠫ 祩  . ஬ ⮣, 㤠筠 奬 । ⭮   﫠 ६ ।   (!)  ࠬ   ᮢ ᨣ.   ஡  ਧ ⠭ G.921.2 (G.SHDSL), ਭ 㭠த  裡  䥢ࠫ 2001 .  ࠭  ⮨ HDSL  ய᪠  SHDSL  ࠡ   ⮩ ன 뫠 ७  2,3 /. ஬ ⮣, 뫠 ᯥ祭 ᨬ쭠 ᮢ⨬  ப ࠭񭭮 孮 ASDL.  ᨬ筮 祭   ⮩  -    ⮨ SHDSL,  ⮬    ⠫ 㯭  業 쪨     㠫 짮⥫.
饣 ⪠  ⥬  ᭮ ⥫䮭  - 襭 ⢨⥫쭮  ஬ 堬 - 襭 襭   ⥩ 쭮 ⥫ (CATV - Community Antenna TeleVision - ᪮ ⥫頭). 쭮  ப ࠭  ࠭ ୮ ਪ,     ᯥ宬 ᯮ  ப᭮ 㯠  ୥. 㯭 ᨩ᪨ த ⠪  ⥬ 쭮 ⥫, ⮬ ᪮쪮 ᫮  ᮡ ⮣ ⨯ 祭. ᨬ쭠 ᪮ 祭   쭮  - 36 /,   孨᪨  뤥  񭭮  㠫  饩, ⮬  ਬ 孮 ⨯஢  ६ 㯫⭥, - ன ॠ쭠 ᪮ ⥫쭮  ⥮᪮,     ᨬ  ᫠  ⮢.  ⮣, ᪮  쭮 ⥫ ⠭  ஭ ।   ஢  ,   । 室饣 䨪 室 , ਬ, ᪮⭮ 㥬 祭. 孮 HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax - ਤ ⮢-ᨠ쭠 c⥬) ᯥ稢 ஭    쭮 ,    ॠ樨 ॡ ࠪ᪨     ⥬  ᨫ⥫. 祬, ᬮ   , 㯭 㤠⢥  裡, ਬ <->,    ।⠢ ப᭮ 㯠  ୥   쭮 ⥫,  <o-> 㦥 ᯥ稢 ⠪ ࢨᮬ ᪮쪮 ᪮᪨ ࠩ.
  - 㤠    ⮬ ࠭񭭠 ୠ⨢ ᪮  . ᫨        ᨨ ।⠢﫨 ᮡ 㫥 ।, ᭮  祭   뤥  ⪮   ⥭ ⮢,  ᥣ 㤠⢮ ⠥  ⠪   ᢮ ஫.  ᥣ  砥  ᪢,  ஥ ᮮ⢥ : ᪮᪠ -᪠  ()      ,  浪 ॢ訥  ⥫  <⥫> ஫     த. ஬ ⮣,   ஫  㯭묨 㤠⢥묨 ﬨ ( ਬ, <-⥫>  <-⥫>), ᯮ騬 ᮡ⢥묨 ࠫ묨 ﬨ 裡  ।⠢騬 㣨 ࠤ㯠.
 ࠢ,   ।⠢ ᮡ  10-  100-   Ethernet, ⥬   ᯮᮡ   ஢. ⢥⢥ ᪮ ।     , ⠪   ⢠ <ᨤ>   ⮢. 㯭 ஢, 騥 ᮡ⢥ ࠫ , ᮧ    ࠩ 㧫 㯠  ᭮ ⨧஢,     ⮢묨   ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  256 K/  2 /. ᫮,  ᪮   ᫥ 稪 ६ 짮 ᮢ६묨 ⨬묨 ⥢묨 ࢨᠬ,  ⠪   ࠢ    ⢥ ண ୠ⨢  㥬 ᮥ. , , ப 㯮 ⠪ 襭  .
⭨ ⥬ 㯠  ୥ - १砩 ᯥ⨢ 孮, ,  ,  ࠭ ࠭稢 冷 䠪஢. -, 業 ᨬ ⭨   १砩 ண   㯭 ࣠権. -, ᨬ ,  ஬ 室騩 䨪 । १ ᪮⭮,  ⮬ ᫥  㥬 ᮥ,  ᥣ ᪨ ࠢ, ᮡ  䮭 ᭨ 業  孮 ADSL  SHDSL.  ⭨ 㯠 । ࠧ ⨯ 祭,  ।ᬠਢ ᪮ 室饣 䨪  64 / ( 㠫 ⮢)  55 / ( ௮⨢ ⮢).  ࠢ, ⭨    ᯮ짮 ⠬,  ਭ樯쭮  쭮 祭   室   祭 ᮪ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ.



 3.
<᫥ >

孮 ࣠樨 <᫥ > ਭ樯쭮  ᫨誮 ⫨  ᬮ७  襭:  ᭮     <室> .  ᮦ,  饣 設⢠ 譨 짮⥫ <᫥ >  룫廊    -  ⥫䮭 ஢, ᯮ㥬  㥬 祭.  ⠪ 祭   ᪢ । ᪮ 室饣 䨪  ॢ蠥 33 /.  ன 㦥  ⠯ ஥஢ ।ᬠਢ  ⥬, 砥,  ࠢ,  ⮢  ஢.  ,  ᭠ 쭮 ࠧ, ᯮ Ethernet-ਠ樨  ⥬ xDSL (  HomePNA) c 㯮  ⥫䮭 ஢   ࠤ࠭樮 , 孮 㯠 १ 쭮 ⥫,  ,  ஢ ࠤ  ᭮ 孮 Wi-Fi.
⠭⮬ HomePNA 2.0 (Home Phoneline Networking Alliance -  ந⥫ 㤮  ।   ⥫䮭 ) ⠭ ᪮ ।   10 /  ᯮ짮   10 . ⮣ 㦥 墠⠥  ।  । ⢠,  ᮢ襭 筮  ७権  ॠ쭮 ६.  ⠭ HomePNA 3.0  㢥 ᪮ 㯠  100 /,  ᮯ⠢  묨 묨 ﬨ 100 Ethernet.  ⮬  ⥫쭮 ࠧ  ॡ, 㦭  ⠭ ᯥ樠 ⥢   .  孮  ᭮ HomePNA 2.0 த  뭪 ᪮᪠ த᪠ ࠤ࠭樮  (१ ࠫ ⥫),   ᯮ ஢ ࠤ, ,  ⫨稥  ⥫䮭 ஢,    .
᭮ 襭 - । ଠ樨 १ ய஢. 孮 PLC (PowerLine Communications -  १ ய஢) ।ᬠਢ ⠭  ⭮ ⠭樨 ᯥ樠쭮 㤮, ᮥ񭭮  ﬨ IP.  ᨣ   뤥   , 砥   ஧,  ⮬ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  ⨣ 14 /.  ᮦ,   ⠭ 祭  PLC  : 騩 ਪ᪨ ⠭ HomePlug 1.0  ᪠ 祭   ࠭ଠ  16 㧫-஧⮪. ஬ ⮣,  ।  ॡ ᫮  樨, ᪮ ࠪ⨪  (堭, ᪠, ஢ 㬠) ᨫ쭮   ࣮ॡ.   , ᫨  ய᪨ ࠭ PLC - ᪮॥ ⨪,    ᭮ ⮩ 孮  楫 ⥬ <㬭 >,     ।  ᠬ ࠧ ⮢ 孨.
   ⨬  ᨢ 襭 ஡ <᫥ > - ᯮ짮 ஢ ࠤ㯠,  ண  㦭  ,  ᫮  樨 ᨣ.  ⠭ ஢  ⥩ (Wi-Fi) IEEE 802.11  ࠧࠡ⠭   1997 ,  ᠬ ࠭  饥 ६ IEEE 802.11b -  1999 . 㤮 ⠭ 802.11b ࠡ⠥   2,4   ᯥ稢 ।   ᪮  11 / ( । -  6 /)  ﭨ  300 ஢.  ᮢ ⠭ IEEE 802.11a ।ᬠਢ ࠡ  ⭮  5 ,  ᪮ ।   ﭨ  100 ஢  ⨣ 54 /.  ᮦ,  ⠭ ᮢ⨬   㣮,   ⠭ IEEE 802.11g (  2,4 , ᨬ쭠 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ - 54 /) ⭮ ᮢ⨬ ⮫쪮  IEEE 802.11b. ᭮,    㯭 ந⥫ ⥫㭨樮 㤮,  Conexant,  ᢮ 稯    xDSL-- ஫ࠬ Wi-Fi  Intersil,        ⠭樨: 筮   㯠 Wi-Fi   -    ୥. , 孮 Intel Centrino  㪮    易⥫쭮 浪 ।ᬠਢ ⠭   稯 Wi-Fi.



 4.
 

  ஭  ⥬,  ࠧ ᮡ, ⨥  ᥣ ,   㢫⥫쭮.  ᨬ  । 稬 ⢠   ᫮ ⭨, , ⥬ , 騪,   ,     室  ⮢  ய, ⠭ ᭮,  ந室  來.
  த⮢  ஢ ⠭ । , 802.11a, ⠫, ,     ( 來) ᮡ⨩ 諮 .
祬, <> - ⨥ ⭮⥫쭮,  ᫮ , ᫨  , ⭮  ᪮॥   ⠭,   த⠬,  ॠ騬.  ᯥ䨪.11a 뫠 ਭ  񪮬 㦥 1999 ,  ਭ⨥  諮 ⮣ ࠪ᪨ 祭.    頫,  ࠢ  802.11b ( ନ Wi-Fi, 騩 ன⢠ ⠭ 802.11b, ஢ 㬮 WECA),   ᪮  -  54 / (⨢ ᨬ .11b 11 /),  業 ᮯ⠢ ᫨⥫   ᯮ짮 , ⨣殢 ⭮ .
 ᨫ ᫥ 䠪஢, 802.11a (   Wi-Fi, ன⢠ ⮣ ⠭, ஢ WECA, 稫 祭 Wi-Fi5) ᨤ  : ᭮ ᨫ 뫨 襭  ᢮  த  ਢ筮 802.11b,  ६⥫쭮,  ࠢ  HomeRF  Bluetooth, ࠫ 窨   .
HomeRF, ᪮॥ ᥣ, १ ஥ ६  ᮩ  業 -  ᨫ ⪠  Intel  প ⮣ ⠭   ᮢ⨬  Wi-Fi (HomeRF  Bluetooth ᯮ   ᪠窠   [FHSS],  Wi-Fi -  ࠧ뢠  ᯥ  㬭   ᫥⥫쭮 [DSSS]).   ᫥ ⮣,  ࠡ 㯯 802.15  ᮭ  (Personal Area Network, PAN)  IEEE, ਭ﫠 ᯥ䨪, ਢ 冷 ᮢ⭮ ࠡ   孮 Bluetooth  Wi-Fi ( ᢮ ४뢠  ),  뫮  ।,   ⠭  ⢮   ⫨.    饥  業, ஥    ⠫ Wi-Fi-⥩ ࠢ묨  室  .
 饬,   Wi-Fi ᪫뢠    , ᫨      ᮪᪮⭮ ஢ ⠭. ⨪ ॢ  ᪮ ।   業, ᮯ⠢  㤮 ।饣 ⠭,- 䠪 ᠬ  ᥡ 筮 ਬ⥫, ⮡ ਢ    孮.
  ய  ⮬  ⠭  ᪠  室   , ࠦ ,  ᮢᥬ  㬥. ਬ, ࠢ  Wi-Fi, ⢥ত,  ᫥ ᪠ ᯮ짮   ४뢠   -  ⫨稥  Wi-Fi5,  ன ⠪  ,     뢮,   Wi-Fi   㤭   ஢, ⮣   Wi-Fi5, ,   ⥫쭮.
 , ४뢠   Wi-Fi ⢨⥫쭮 ᥣ  ,  ४뢠 -  ਭ. ४⨥ ࠡ  ⠭  ᫥⢨ ப ਭ樯 ।   802.11  ५樮 ⮤ .  ᨬ  樮 ᮡ⥩ ॣ㫨஢ ⭮ ᯥ ᫮ , ࠢ, : ⠪, ਬ,    11,   ᨨ - ⮫쪮, ᪮쪮  㦭 뤥  쭠.
  Wi-Fi5, ,  ,  ᨬ묨 魮ﬨ 祭 10, 50  200    ࠡ稬 ⠬     (⮣, ⢨⥫쭮, ).
 ᨬ  魮 ।稪, 祢, 㤥   ࠤ . ⢥⢥, ⭮ ஢  ॢ  ⠭  祢 ,  襭 ன    ᯥ樠஢ .   ,  ,  ࠧ   襩 魮    襩 ⭮ ⮢. ⮬ ⠢,  ॣ୮ ⨨,   㯭  .
: ਧ  쭮  ⠭,     ᪠   寧: ,  ⮬ ࠭⢥ 쭮 । 㤥     ࠧ,    ॠ ᫮,  饭,  ⠬  ⥮⨪, ࠧ  㤥 -     㤥.
 쭮 ⠭ ᫮ ⥬,  ᯮ㥬 ⮤ 樨 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex -   ⮣ ࠧ   )  ࠡ   (20 )  52  ।  ,  ᢮ ।, ᯮ      QAM,  ⭮,   ᠬ 䥪⨢  ᮮ⭮襭 ᨣ/,   ந뢠  魮 祭.     ᮡ ࠭ ࠤ 5-殢 .  ᫮,  ⫨稥  DMT (Discrete Multi Tone), 祭 宦 ⮤ 樨, 襤襣 ਬ  ⠭ ADSL  ᯮ饣     楢 ⨬  䠪᪮ ᮮ⭮襭 ᨣ / ⮤ 樨 , ⠪ ࠧ, ᯥ稢饣 ᨬ쭮 ⨦ ᪮ ।     , OFDM ਦ    ॡ: ⮤ 樨    ,   稨 㧪  室  ⢮ ⤥묨 ,  -  , ࠧ,  ⮤ 樨 , ᮮ⢥⢥, 㬥  ᪮ । .
    뫮, ⠭ 802.11a 祭 ⥫쭮  祭 뭪,  ந⢥ 稯⮢      ந 㦥 ,  ࠩ , ᥬ  (  ६  稯  Wi-Fi ந    - Intersil, Agere  Texas Instruments;   ᪫祭,  ᯨ᮪ 㦥  ),   窨 ⮣ ⠭, Harmony 802.11a  Proxim, 뫨  ⬥祭 ࠤ <Best of Show>  樨 ஢ 㤮   ⠢ <Comdex>.
   <ମ> ࠫ  ᪢:  ⠪ 祪,  ࠧ  FastWireless Networking Kit.
᪮쪮 ᫮  窠. <ମ> ᭮  稯 AR5000  Atheros Communications   ࡮०  ᯮ짮 ࠧ   , ᯥ稢 ,  ࠢ  ⠭⮬, ᪮ ।  -  ,  ।,  108 /. 窨, 室騥  ,  ந ⮫쪮 ࠭, ad-hoc-.
騩    窠  ᮤঠ ࠩ   樮 ⥬,  ᪫祭 Windows XP. ⪠ ⠭  १ ணࠬ ⠫樨 (setup.exe)  Windows XP 稫 㤠祩.  ⥬  , ࠩ 뫨 ᯥ譮 <蠭> ⮩ 樮 ⥬ १ 楤 ⠭  㤮, ࠢ,  묨 ࠭ﬨ. ,  ஥ ६  㤮⢨   ⨭:  ࠡ饬 ஢ 䥩 (Wireless connection unavailable)  ᪮ 1,9 /  .   ᪮ ᯥ稢,  ᬮ  ᮪    (室騥  10-25 %)  ࠡ <஢騪 ⢠ 㦨> (QoS Sheduler).    : ᫥ ⪫祭 ஢騪  ⮢ ⠫ ⥫쭮 .
 쭥襬,   ⠪  ⭮⥩, ᯥਬ  㪥 ஢  Windows 98,  । ᪮ ।  ᯮ짮 ⮪ FTP  ⠭  ⮯ FTP-ࢥ.
ᨬ쭠 ⨣ ᪮ - 2,3 / -  ﭨ   ஢ (  20 / - ⢥ , 祬  Wi-Fi). ࠢ,  ० Turbo ᪮ 㢥稫,  ᮦ,    ࠧ,-  3,3 /,  26,4 /!  㢥祭 ᪮ ।  祬- ਢ   ⢨⥫쭮.   ࠢ ⥬⨪  室     樨,    :
 ⥯  ࠭,  ।  <> , 室饣   ⠢.  । , ⮡ࠦ  ஥ , 﫠  祭 ப । -  50 業⮢  । 祭,     , ଠ⭮.  饭,  ࠩ    ।  롮஬ ⨬쭮 ᪮,   筨 祭 ⮣    㦥  뫮,      .   蠫쭮 ࠤ  ᯮ  <㪮>   -300:
  : ᫥  裡, 맢 ࠧᥭ ஢  ⭮⥫쭮 讥 ﭨ, ᪮ ।   㫠  ० 祭,  ஥    ⬥⪥ 24/12 /. 뢥 窨    㤠  ᮢ饭 ⥭  ஢!
 , ⠫쭠 ⥭ ⮫騭  40  ( , 쬠  쬠 ठ)   802.11a   ८ ९⢨:
⮬  让 த᪮ , 饩 ⥭  ⠫,    । ᨬ -⭠ ஢,  ⮬  ,    .
祬, ᫮      ࠩ஢,  㤠 ᯮ   祪 - ⮯   ᮡ  ,  窮 㯠 ᢮ 뫮  ⥫쭮 .
  㤮 ⠭ Wi-Fi, 믥⮢ Agere,  㤨, 뢠 㤥 ⠡쭮:  䨪஢  񬭨  ।稪 ᪮ ।  﫠   쥬 ,  । ᪮쪨 業⮢. ᨬ쭠 쭮 ।,  ⢨ אַ   ⠫ ⥭, ⨣ 30 ஢. ⠫쭠 ⥭, ⠢  <ମ> ८ ९⢨, ⠫  祭 - ᪮ ।   FTP 㯠  ᨬ   595 /  590 /! , ࠤ 諨   ண.
 , = . . 魮, 
5,15-5,25=10
5,25-5,35= 50 
5,725-5,825= 200
ࠧ 來  䥩 ਪ ணࠬ, ।⠢騩 ଠ   ᮮ⭮襭 ᨣ/    ,     魮,   ᪮ । .




 4.
⥢⥫  ⠭⠬  ஢ 



 1.
樨 뭪

C ஢      ,  㭨,     ⢥ ,  ய, ⨭  ࠭.  ᪨ ࣠樨   墠  楫 த᪨ ࠩ    ᭮ ।⠢ 짮⥫ ᯫ   ୥.  騥 ந⥫   । ஢ 䥩  ᢮ த⮢. ⮫ ᮪ ஢ ୮  ⥩  ⥬,   ⠫ ⠡묨  ࠡ,  묨 (⥢ ᯥ樠⠬  짮⥫)  ண. ᯮ짮 㤮  ஢  -  宩 ਠ ஥ ୮ .
樠   ⮢ 裡 㦥  <ࠧ>   ⥭樠묨 ﬨ  ᯥ祭 ᮪᪮⭮ 㯠     ६     (   室 짮⥫), ,    ப ࠭ ஢ ,  ।,  ॥ ⠪  㤥 ॠ  ᭮ ᫥.  ᯮ,  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  ⥩  墠  ଠ쭮 ࠡ  ਫ? ᫨ ᪮ । 11 /  筮  ⮣,  ᪮  뭪  ஢ ।⢠  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  54 /,  業  ஦ ᪠ ᥩ 㤮  ஢ .
 ᥩ ᢮ ਢ⥫쭮 ७ ஢  ⠢ । ࠬ   ᫮ ஡.    砥  ⮬,  ࠧ  ᥣ, ⮡  뫮  ୨஢  . 㣠 ஡ 易  ᯥ祭 ᮪ ஢  . ⥢ ࠭ ⮨ ᪮쪮  ஢    ᪮஬஢  稨  ࠢ쭮 ᪮䨣஢ 窨 㯠 ( ᫨  室  ௨筮 ⥭ ). ஬ ⮣,    ࠭,  ஢    ⢮ ᢮  ᮡ⢥ ᯥ: ।⢠, ᭮  ࠧ ஢ 孮,  Bluetooth, ᯮᮡ ᮧ ᨫ  .  ⠪ ஡  IP-樥,    㬨  ⠭묨  ࠧ  窠 㯠  ᯮ짮 ᯥ樠쭮 饣 .
 , 設⢮  ஡  襭. ஬ ⮣,  ⪨ ᥣ譨 ⥩  ८   ⠭. ஢   ࠡ 㦥 ᥩ,   ६ ⠭ ࠡ  . , ⮡ ᯥ譮 ᯮ짮  , 㦭  騥  ࠭祭  ᯥ⨢  ࠧ.
  ᮬ  ⮬,  ᥣ 뭮 ஢  뢠 ᠬ 騩 .    IDC,  諮  ஢  த 㤮  ஢    80%  ⠢  1  ., ।,    2005 .  ⨣ 3,2  . ࠤ樮 ᠬ 訬 ᮬ     ⨪ 뭪 -  祡 ०,   ᪫  . ., ᪮ 樭᪨, ᪫᪨  㣨 ᯥ樠஢ ਫ   㯨 ⥫   ਮ⥭ ࠤ㤮  ࠧ뢠 .   諮  ஢  ⠫ 쭮 묨   ਧ⠫ 뭪 -  ᯮ ⥯  ᠬ ࠧ 䨫, 㦡 ᯫ樨    ࠧ⥫ ०.
 訥 ।⢠ 稢  ந⥫⢮ ஢   ,  ࠡ   ᮪ 孮 /  讥 ᫮ 㤭, ᭠ 묨 . ਬ, ௮ Microsoft ࠧ㫠  ᥡ  2 . 祪 㯠, 㦨 ਬ୮ 10 . 짮⥫.   ⠭ 窨 㯠    ॣ஢,  ७-,   祡 .  让  ஢  ਢ⥫쭠 ⥬,    ࠧ  ७㥬 ண 饭,   ஢ 쭠 ⥬,  ⥬,  ଠ ⠭ 㯭,  㤥  ६     . 짮⥫ 譨    ਡ  ஢   ᮢ⭮ ᯮ짮 ( 童 ᢮ ᥬ,     ᥤﬨ) ਩ 㤮  ப  㯠  ୥.
 ᨫ  MobileStar Network  Wayport,   뭪  ⥩ 㯠, ᭮  孮 ஢ , ᫮ ᫥   ய, ⥫, -業  㯭 .  쬠 ਢ  ᯮ짮 ( 㤠񭭮 㯠  ) ᢮   ଠ   ஢ 䥩ᮬ   ࠡ,  ,   .
 設⢮ 㯭 ஢  砫 ࠡ ᮢᥬ ,  뭮 ⨪ 㦥 ⢥ত,   ࠧ  室  ࣠樨 ப ᮥ 饣 짮, ਬ  ய, 祬  쥣  (3G),   ப ࠭ ⮫쪮 १ ᪮쪮 .    ⮨ 㤮   ࠡ  業㥬 (   拉 㣨 ࠭) ⭮  ।   ஢        ࠧ 襢, 祬  ⮢ .  । ࠬ ⮢ 裡 ⮨ : ᯮ짮 孮 ஢    孮 ⮢ 裡   ஢  묨.
 ய᪨  ⮢ 裡,  ⮬ ᫥ 䨭᪠ ଠ Sonera  袥᪠  Telia, 㦥 ।⠢ ᢮ ⠬ ⥫ 㣨   । ஢ ,   ୮ ਪ    ⮢   ⮬ .   , 祬   ⪨ म ஢  ࠧ뢠 ⮢ ⥩ 3G, ᫨ ᥣ譨 孮 ⮢ 裡  ⠭  孮ﬨ ஢  ᯮᮡ ।⠢ 짮⥫ ਬ୮   ࢨ,   ࠧ  ⠫?   ⮬,   饥 ६ প 孮 ஢   室  ࠫ  ࠧ ⥩ 設⢠ ஢, , ⮡     ,  ਤ  ⮫쪮 த ஬ 孨 ࠡ,   ᬮ ᢮ ⭮襭  뭪 ஢  .
㤮  ஢  ⠭   ਢ⥫  業.  ⥢ ࠤ PC Card ⮨ 襢 100 .,  ᥣ ᪮쪮     ⮨  500 . ( ⮬  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 뫠 ). ᥬ  窨 㯠 㯠 ਬ୮  1500 .; ᥩ ஢   㭪ﬨ ⨧  ⥢ ࠭, ।祭    譨 ᮢ, த  業  200 . 祬, 窠 㯠  প 㬨, ७묨 㭪ﬨ  , 让 쭮 ⢨  묨 ।⢠ ࠢ ⮨ ஦.
  ⥫쭠 ࠪ⨪ ᥣ譨 ன  ஢  -  㭪樮쭠 ᮢ⨬ 㤮 ࠧ ந⥫.  䨪樨 த⮢  ᮮ⢥⢨ ॡ ᯥ䨪樨 Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), ஢ 樠樥 ந⥫ WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance), 設⢮ ।⠢  뭪 ஢ ஢  祪 㯠 ᮢ⨬  ᮡ,  ஡ ⢨ 祪 㯠 ࠧ ந⥫  ࠬ     襭.
 ⨬㫮 ࠧ 뭪 ஢ ,  ஬ ᯥ樠 祬- 㯮 쭮 ।,  ᮢ⨬  ⥩  ।祭묨  ࠤ樮  ⥢묨   ਫﬨ (ਬ, Lotus Notes  Microsoft Exchange).   室  ࣠樨 㯠  ਫ १  ⥫䮭,   稭  ᪮ ।   ࠤ ⮢ ⥩, ⥫쭮 প ᨣ     ᮪ ⮨ 짮  室  ⥫쭮 䨣஢ ਫ,  ਬ ஢ 饥 ,    㣠 ⠢騪 ஢ ਫ (ASP). ॥ ᥣ,  ਤ ஢ ᢮ ਫ, ᯮᠡ   ࠡ १ ⮢ .   ᠥ ஢ ,    ᮪ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ   ⮨ 짮  ।  ⢮   ᢮ 騥 ⥢ ਫ  - .
 室 ᤥ  ।०. ᫨   ⢫   ⭮   ஢  饣 짮,   楫  । 䨪  墠 ᫥ ⢮   ࠡ  㠫쭮 ⭮  (VPN). ᫨    ࠭ ᢮ IP-  室     㣮   ন ⠭ ᥠ 裡  ⪮६ 室   ⢨ , ᯮ ஢ 饥 ,  ⠢塞  NetMotion Wireless.  ,   㤭 ⥫  ࠢ  २⢠ ப᭮ 쭮 㯠.
 ਫ, ஥   ⥫쭮 饩 ᨫ ࠧ 뭪 ஢ ,  ࠭ ணࠬ   .    ஢ -ᨣ  ⥫ 室 㤮 ᯥ樠쭮 ⠢,  쭮 ண. 襢 ⢮  ⠢, ਭ ஢ -ᨣ  쭮    ⭨,  ஢ , ࠭᫨ ଠ ᥬ ⥫ࠬ  .  ⠭  ᫥   ⠭⮢  ஢ , । 室 ( ⠪ ࠭樨) ᪮ ।   堭 ᯥ祭 ⢠ 㦨.
 饥 ६  뭪 訬 ᯥ宬  11-/ ஢  ⠭ IEEE 802.11b.  ᯥ稢 筮 ᮪  ଠ쭮 ࠡ 設⢠ ਫ ᪮ । , ᬮ  ,   ॠ쭠 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⠢ ᥣ  6 /   ⮬ ᫠ ⮢ ᭨ ࠧ ॥, 祬 ந⥫쭮 ஢ .
Ethernet (-  䥪⨢ ⮪ 㯠 ᪨ ⠭権  । । ). ᪮  ⠭ IEEE 802.11b (砫쭮 ।祭  ।⨩) ਬ ⥯   , 졠 ਥ஢  譨  ᯥ䨪樨 HomeRF ⠫ 쬠 ।񭭮 (ᮡ ᫨ ,  ௮ Intel,  諮   㯭 ஭ ⮩ ᯥ䨪樨, ᥣ ন ⠭ IEEE 802.11b).
樠  ⥫쭮 ᫥  ᮧ  ⠭⮢. ⠭ IEEE 802.11b ࠫ ஫ ⠫ ࠧ ਨ ஢ .  ப ਬ ᫥   ⪨   ⥬ ଠ樮 ᭮,  ᥣ ࠭ ⮫쪮   ଥ 襭.    ⠭ 襭  ⮩   ࠩ ஥஢ ᢮  ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡  ६  뫮  ३    襭 孮.
ந⥫  ࣠ ⠭⨧樨 ᮢ襭 ஢    ᭮ ࠢ: 㢥祭 ᪮ । , 襭 ⥯ ଠ樮 ᭮  ॠ 䥪⨢ ࠡ 堭 ᯥ祭 QoS.   ⥫     ⠭, 墠뢠騩   襭.  ⥫쭮 뫮      ⥢ 㤮  ঠ  ⠭.      , ⮬ ண   ࠧ ஢   ᭮ ࠢ ⢫  ࠧ ᪮, ਢ   ⤥ ⠭⮢.
 ᠥ 㢥祭 ᪮ । ,    ⥫ ᯥ. ⠭⮬ IEEE 802.11a ( 砫 ࠧࠡ뢠 ࠭, 祬 㦥 ⠢訩  ⠭ IEEE 802.11b) ।  䨧᪨ ஢, ᯥ稢騩 ᪮ ।   54 /.  ॠ쭠 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⥩ ⮣ ⠭   㤥 ॢ 25-30 /,  ⠪ ᪮   ࠧ  ॠ쭮 ᪮ ।   뭥譨 ஢  ⠭ IEEE 802.11b.  ࠧ, 騩  ७  । 㤮 ⠭ IEEE 802.11a  ࠢ  ᮬ 室  孮 Ethernet  孮 Fast Ethernet  ஢ .
⠭⮬ IEEE 802.11a ।ᬮ७ ᯮ짮 । ࠤ孮, 稢襩  <⮣쭮 ⭮ ⨯஢> (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing - OFDM). ᭮ ⮩ 孮  ᫥⥫쭮 । ଠ樨   ᮪᪮⭮  ⢫ ࠫ쭠 । ⮪   ᫥ ⤥ 騬.  १ 砥  ப  ⮩稢   ᮪ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ.  訥 ࠤ⥬,  ப⠡  䨪஢  쭮 裡, ᭮  ⮩ 孮.
஬ ⮣,  ᨬ  ⢠  ஢ ਭ ࠤᨣ, OFDM-ன⢠  ᪨ ⢮ ࠧ ⮤ 樨, ᯥ稢 ⥬ ᠬ  ᮪ ᪮ ।   訥 ﭨ,  ᪮,     訥 ⠭樨. ⮨ ⠪ ⬥,  㤮 ⠭ IEEE 802.11b ࠡ⠥  ॣ㦥   2,4 ,  ⠭⮬ IEEE 802.11a ।ᬮ७ ᯮ짮  ᢮  5 ,  ஬    業㥬 ࠡ 㤮 뤥  ப  , ਬ୮   ࠧ , 祬 ,  ᯮ   2,4  (300   ࠢ  83 ).   ६    5    ᨫ쭮 㦥  ᢮   , ᮧ 㤮.
室   孮 易  襭 鸞 ᫮ ஡. ० ᥣ  ⭮ 쭮 裡 ( ࠤ஬  窮 㯠)  饭,    뢠  ࠧ뢠 ஢  ⠭ IEEE 802.11a. ᭮  䨧, 쭮 裡  ⮬ ࠭⢥ 㬥蠥  ⮬ ࠡ祩 ,   饭  ⮣    饭  ࠦ ࠤ. ஬ ⮣, 쭮 裡   魮 砥 ࠤᨣ    樨. ⮬ 祭 㤭 ࠭ ।  ࠬ   ࠤ孮.
   Mobilian, ந饩  㤮 ⠭⮢ IEEE 802.11a  IEEE 802.11b,  ࠤ   ⮩  ਨ ॡ ਬ୮   ࠧ  祪 㯠 ⠭ IEEE 802.11a, 祬 祪 㯠 ⠭ IEEE 802.11b.  ஢  Atheros ⠭  ⨯ 㤮  ᭮ ।  㣨 १. 樠  Atheros ⢥ত, , ᫨ 窨 㯠 ࠧ饭 祭     ( ﭨ 18-24 ),    ⠭ IEEE 802.11a   ⠭ IEEE 802.11b ᮢᥬ ᫮. 㤮 ⠭ IEEE 802.11a ᯥ稢 ।   ᨬ쭮 ᪮ 54 /  ﭨ  15 .  쭮 裡 30  60  ᪮ ।   36  6 / ᮮ⢥⢥. ,  ॠ쭠 ᪮ ।  ⠢ ਬ୮  㪠  ᨬ 祭.
  㢥祭 쭮 ( ᯮ짮  㤮) ᪮ ।  ᭨, ᮣ᭮ ଠ樨, 祭   Atheros  㣨 -ந⥫,   ⠭ IEEE 802.11a  ᥣ    ᮪ ஢, 祬   ⠭ IEEE 802.11b.      㤮 ⠭ IEEE 802.11a  㯨  த,    ஢  ⥫ ⠭,   ⠭ IEEE 802.11a   ⠭ IEEE 802.11b ⠭ ᫮ 祩,      ⮫쪮  ࠤ  ᫮⮢ 窥 㯠.
஬ ⮣,  ஡  ⭮ ᮢ⨬  㤮.  ⠭⮢ IEEE 802.11a  IEEE 802.11b ࠡ  ࠧ  ,  設⢮ ࠤ஢ ⠭ IEEE 802.11a,  묨   뭪,  ন ⮫쪮  ⠭. ० ࠤ (IEEE 802.11a/b) ⮦   த,  ࢮ ६   ⮨ ஦ ०, ᪮  ঠ   ࠡ ०    ᯮ짮 ⤥ 奬.  ⠫樨 㤮 ⠭ IEEE 802.11a   讥 ࠤ⨥  ࠢ   ⢨ ⥩ ⠭ IEEE 802.11b,  ᤥ 룮 ୨   設⢠ 짮⥫.
⮨ ⬥,  騥 ந⥫ 㤮 ⠭ IEEE 802.11b  ய  ᪮ ன ⠭ IEEE 802.11a. 묨 ந⥫ﬨ  ன ⠭  ᭮ 訥 , ६騥  ᢮   뭪.    室 ਨ ஢    ᮪ந⥫ 孮 , ᪮  ᯥ稢  ⮫쪮  ᮪ ᪮ । ,   প 襣 ᫠ 짮⥫. ᫥ ᮡ , ᪮ ஢  ⠭   묨  ᫮  짮⥫  .
⠭ IEEE 802.11a -   ⢥ ᮪᪮⭠ ୠ⨢ ⠭ IEEE 802.11b. ய᪨  ⠭⮢ 裡 (European Telecommunications Standards Institute - ETSI) ࠧࠡ⠫ ᮪᪮⭮ ஢ ⠭ HiperLAN/2, 騩  ७⮬ ⠭ IEEE 802.11a.  ⠭  祭 宦 ᯥ䨪樨  ⮪ 䨧᪮ ஢, ।ᬠਢ騥 ࠡ 㤮  ⭮  5   ᯮ짮 孮 OFDM,  ⫨ ⮪  ᮪ ஢. ᫨ ⠭ IEEE 802.11a   ⮪ CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access),   ⠭ HiperLAN/2 ।ᬮ७ 業ࠫ ࠢ 㯮  ⠭権  ࠤ  ᪨ 뤥  ⠩-᫮⮢.  ନ᪨ 室 ( ᯮ㥬  孮 Token Ring)  ᫮  ॠ樨,   ᯥ稢 室 ஢ QoS (ᥣ  ⠭ IEEE 802.11a ᮮ⢥騥 堭 )  砥 ⥣ ⥩ HiperLAN/2  ﬨ ATM.    ঠ IP-ਫ   ⠭⮢ ᮯ⠢.
ਤ    ᢨ⥫ﬨ ⪮ ७樨  ? ,  ⠭ IEEE 802.11a  । <>:  ন   - ந⥫ ⮢  ஢ ன   ᭮   த   짮⥫    뭪 ࠭, 祬  㤮 ⠭ HiperLAN/2. ஬ ⮣,   ,   ⠭⮢ IEEE 802.11  ন 堭 QoS.  ய᪨ ॣ㫨騥 ࣠, ⢥騥  ஬ ᮢ⨬ ⥬ 裡, ⤠ ।⥭ ⠭ HiperLAN/2.  饥 ६, ⮡ ᨫ 樨 ⠭ IEEE 802.11a,  IEEE ࠧࠡ뢠 ᯥ䨪 IEEE 802.11h,  ன  । 堭 ᯮ짮   㤮 ⮣ ⠭.
  ⠭⠬ 祭   , ᪮  IEEE ࠧࠡ뢠   ᮪᪮⭮ ⠭ - IEEE 802.11g -  ஢ , ।騥   ᪮ 20 /  . ॥ ᥣ  ⮦ 㤥 ᭮  孮 OFDM.  ⠭⮬ IEEE 802.11g  ।ᬮ७ ⭠ ᮢ⨬  㤮 ⠭ IEEE 802.11b,   । ᯮ짮 ⮣  ᠬ  ,  ஬ ࠡ⠥  㤮.  ।,  ந⥫  ࠤ, ন騥 ࠧ  ⠭ -  IEEE 802.11b,  IEEE 802.11g,    ୨ ⥩.  ᫨ ᪮  ப⠡ ⠢ 㤮 ⠭ IEEE 802.11a,   ᪫祭,    ⠭ IEEE 802.11g      㦭.
 ⭮,    ந⥫  ᯥ祭 짮⥫  ୨樨 ᢮ 祪 㯠  楫 ঠ  ᮪ ᪮⥩ । . 祢,  窨 㯠, ᭠ 묨 ࠤࠬ (ਬ, ଠ PC Card), 㤥 ୨஢ , 祬 窨 㯠  ⥣஢묨 ࠤࠬ. 窨 㯠   ᫮⠬  ࠤ஢ ᬮ ন ⠭ IEEE 802.11a  IEEE 802.11b ६,   ⮬  ᪫祭 ஡  ࠤ⨥ (- ࠧ 쭮 ⢨ ᮮ⢥ ࠤ孮). ୠ⨢ 室    ⠭ IEEE 802.11a ( IEEE 802.11g)   ⠭ IEEE 802.11b  ᨬ ᯮ짮  ⥩. ⭮,  室 ᫮ ॠ,   䥪⨢  窨 ७ ᯮ짮 ⥢ . ᫨     ᤥ ,  ࠭   ⮬, ⮡  ⥢    窨 㯠     Ethernet (ன ॡ  祭 , ᮪᪮⭮ 窨 㯠).



 3.
஢ .   


 짮⥫  ᯥ樠   ।    ᪮   ⠭⮢  孮,       ⮤ ᯥ祭 ଠ樮 ᭮, ਧ ᤥ   ᯮ. ᯮ㥬 ᥣ   ⠭ IEEE 802.11 ⮤ ᯥ祭 ଠ樮 ᭮, 稢訩  WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), ᭮  ⬥ ஢ RC4  40-⮢  128-⮢ 箬.  ᮦ,  ⮤   ⪨,    । ଠ,  । । 祩 ஢ .
  ஡ ਧ  ⥬ ⥢ ᭮, ࠧࠡ⠭ ⮬ IEEE  ᠭ  ⠭ IEEE 802.11x.  ਥ஢    ⥩ 㯠 (஢  ஢), ᮮ⢥騥 ⠭⠬ IEEE.   ।ᬮ७ ⥬ ⥭䨪樨, ஢  । 祩 ஢. ⥬,  ன  , ।祭  ᮢ⭮ ࠡ  騬 ।⢠  , ন騬 ⠭ EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol)  RADIUS (Remote Access Dial-in User Service).
   ⠭, IEEE 802.11i, । ᯥ᪨  ஢ ⥩,   ⠭⮢ IEEE 802.11b  IEEE 802.11a,  㭪樨. 뢠 ᨫ প  ⠭⮢ ᯥ祭 ଠ樮 ᭮  ஭ ⠪ 㯭 ,  Cisco Systems  Microsoft,  ।,  ᮮ⢥騥 ⨬ ⠭⠬ ⥢ த   砫 ᫥饣 .
⮨ ⬥,   Microsoft Windows XP ন ⠭ IEEE 802.11x  EAP.  ⮬, ன  楤 ⥭䨪樨, 짮⥫ 砥  ࠡ   ஢, ⠪   ୮ . ⮡ ᯮ짮 २⢠  ⮤  , 室 த । ࠡ  ⥣樨 ஢   ஢.  ன   ६, ० 祬 設⢮ ந⥫  ন  ⠭ ⥢ ᭮. ஬ ⮣,   ஡  ᮢ⨬ 襭  ࠧ ந⥫.
ᯥ 室 ஢ ⢠ 㦨 䨪  ஢  ਧ 㣮  ⠭ - IEEE 802.11e.
  । ᨭ஭  ஫㥬  ६ । . ᫥ 㦭  뫪 㤨-  ଠ樨. ஬ ⮣,  ࠧ  ⮪  ।ᬮ७  ᯮ짮 ࠧ ⮤ ।. ਬ,  뫪 ⢨⥫쭮  প ⮪  堭 ୮ । ⮢  ⢮ ⮤ ०饩 ४樨 訡. ६ প  㤮 ⠭⮢ IEEE 802.11e  IEEE 802.11a   ਬ୮ ⠪   ࠡ ࠪ⨪  㭪樮 ⥩,  ।ᬮ७ ⠭⮬ HiperLAN/2.
室  ⢥ । 㤨-  ଠ樨 堭 ᯥ祭 QoS ஢    ⥣஢  ᮮ⢥騬 堭 ୮ ,    ॡ ஥ ६. ,   ௮⨢ ਫ, ᯮ 堭 QoS  ஢ , ன . ࠧ ॥ ⥣஢ (।祭  । ,   ) ஢     .   ⮨ ⪫뢠 ࠧ뢠 ஢ ,   த⮢  묨 㭪ﬨ. ⥩ ᥣ譨 ன  墠⠥  ଠ쭮 ࠡ 設⢠ ਫ. ।⥫쭮 㤨  ।⠢⥫ﬨ -ந⥫    ୨樨 ᪠ 㤮, ᬥ ࠧ稢  ᥡ ஢ , 㭪樮쭮 ன   ६ ᬮ .



। ⮤ 


᪨஢ 
᫨ ⪫ ப⥫ । 㧫 㯠 <窮> ᨣ  䨪஬ ,  ⥮᪨ ⠪  ⠭ <⮩>. 짮⥫, 室   㯠 <⮩> ,  砥 <窮> ᨣ  㧫 㯠. ⥫쭮,   । 䨪 .  ᫨    䨪,       ⮦  .  񦭮 ⠪ ᯮᮡ ᪨஢ ,    祭  <⮩>  짮⥫ 室  祭 ⥢ 䨪 .

஢ । 
  ⮪ 801.11 ⮤ - WEP.  ᨬ ᯮᮡ ஢,   ஢  ஢  ᯮ     騩 , 騩   ⥩.   - ᥪ , ࠭  ⥫  ࠢ⥫.  -  樠樨 -  砩 ࠧ  ⥬ ࠢ⥫.  ᭮   祭  ᥢ㭨 騩 .
  ⥢묨 ⥬ ।   ⮢. ୮,   ⮨   ⥩ -   ⥫.   ࠭ 㦥 ଠ,  ⭮, 䨪 ,   ⥫  ࠢ⥫.  ⥫ ।   祭 ஫쭮 㬬 ।  (ICV), ᯮ㥬 ⥫  ஢ન 楫⭮ .
   ⥢  ਬ  騩 . ,  ⮫쪮 ⥫ .    祭  樠樨 ᮮ⢥饣   饣 . ঠ     ।  ⮬ .
᫨ ᯮ㥬 ⥬  砩 ᥫ 筮 ⢥  ᪮ ⭮襭,  ஢񭭠  ஢ ᯥ稢 㬮 ࠪ । ,   ⥮ਨ,   ᥪ⭮ ,   ஢ 墠祭 ᮮ饭 祭 ⥫ ᮬ   ᮢ६ ᫨⥫쭮 孨.
 ஢  ⥫ ணࠬ ஢ 樠 ᥪ 箬    祭  祭  樠樨. ᫥ ஢ ⥫ ⥢ , ⥬  ஫ 㬬 祭   ࠢ  祭 ஫쭮 㬬, । ࠢ⥫  ⮬  .  ⥫쭮 १  稭 ࠡ뢠,  ࠢ⥫ । ⢥ত 㤠筮 .  ⨢ 砥, ࠢ⥫ ୮ ⢫ ।.

஫ 㯠
⥢   - ஢ ன  ⥫쭮 ஫஢, ᯮ ᯨ᮪ ஫ 㯠.  㪠뢠   ⥢ ன,   묨 ࠧ襭. ⢥⢥,  ⥢ ⨢ ன  묨 ᠬ,  묨  ᯨ᮪, 㤥 ந஢.    ᭮  ⮬,    -  㭨 䨪 ன⢠, ᢠ ந⥫. ᪨,  ⥢ ன    ᮬ   . ⥫쭮,  ᭮ ⮩ ࠪ⨪ ⥢ ன⢠  筮 ஢  .
 ⠭ ᬠਢ ஢ ⥩ 뫨 砫쭮  堭 䨪樨 ⮢ (  ᠬ),  (WEP)  ஫ 楫⭮ । . 室  ।⠢ ࠧࠡ稪 孮 ।,  ⥮ਨ, ஢     饭  ࠡ  ०  (  䨪 ⮢ 室 १ 㧥 㯠)   WEP-஢  䨫樥  ᮢ ஢ ⮢.



⮤ 

 २⢮ ஢ ⥩ (ࠢ    娫ᮢ ⮩)  㯭 䨧᪮ । ।  - ࠤ.  ᫨  頤 ⢥ 㯠  ⥢ ᠬ (hot spots) ⠪   ,   譨   ⥩ 㯭  । ࠭祭 ਨ, ।񭭮 ⥭   , ᮢ襭 . ࠭⢥  㯠  㧫 ।⠢ ᮡ , ࠤ ன । ᨬ 㤠  業  ࠭ ⮩稢 ⢠ ࠡ ஢ ⮢.  ࠪ⨪, ॠ쭠 ࠭⢥  㯠   ᪨ ᨢ 䨣 - 饭 㦠饩 䨧᪮ । ࠤᨣ.  ଠ 몮,   㤮 ࠧ  㯠  ௨     ⮭묨 ४ﬨ  ࠧ.   ⮢, , ந  ஢ ,   ⮫쪮 ᯥ 祭   窨 ,    ⠪  ,  ठ, ﭪ   ⨢. ᫨    থ  ப  ⥩  뫮 ᯮ짮 ࠭஢  ,   ⢥ 筮 襭  䨧᪮ ࠭祭 ࠭⢥  㯠 ஢  ਤ ᯮ짮 ࠭  񭭮 ⠫஢ ⪨, ⮩  ࠭栬  㯠.  ।⠢,  㪫 ⠪ ࠭   砥 让 ᭮  㤥 񣪨   㤮⢨.
 ᫥ ,  ᨬ쭮 ﭨ    窨 㯠    ᯮ㥬 㤮. ,  ࠡ  ࠢ ⥭   DWL-520 㤠 ⠭ 祭  ᭮   ﭨ 浪 450 ஢, ⮣   ஥ ⥭ ᨬ쭮 㤠 뫮  80 ஢.

訢 (Sniffing)
 ଠ樨  ⠪㥬 ꥪ -  室 ⠯  ⮢ ⠪.  ᮦ ஢  楢 ஢ , ᨢ 訢   । ଠ樨  ।⠢ ஭ ⥫ 筮   ᯥ譮 ஭  .  ।ᬮ७ ࠧࠡ稪 ⮤   ᬮ ⮬ .
 ᡮ ଠ樨 筮     , , ᯮ짮 ࠡ祩 ⠭樥  ஢ ⥢ 䥩ᮬ,  ணࠬ  ⥢ 䨪 (ਬ, Kismet  Ethereal). ᫨ WEP-஢  祭 (筠 ᪠ ன 㤮), ⥫   ⮬   , ।  . ᫨ WEP-஢ -⠪ 祭, , ᫥ ,  ⮫쪮 , ।  ⥢ ,    ।  ⮬ .      ଠ  䨪 ,   㧫 㯠  ⮢ ,  ⠪ 祭  樠樨, ᯮ㥬 ⥫  ஢ 祭 .
  ᥡ ।⠢, 訢   墠祭 ⥢ ⮢  ⪨ ᮪ ஢  ⥫묨   ⪫祭 ப⥫쭮 । 㧫 㯠 <窮> ᨣ.

 ⭮  (MAC spoofing)
ᯮ짮 堭 䨪樨 ⮢   ᠬ ⥢ 䥩ᮢ  㯠  ⥢ ᠬ -  ᠬ  . 墠⨢  ஠஢ ⥢ 䨪,   ⪮ ६  ᯨ᮪  ᮢ  ⨢ ⮢.    ⭮  ᢮ ⥢ 䥩  襭.  <ᮯ묨> 樮묨 ⥬ 筮 ᯮ짮 ⠭⭮ ⥢ ⨫⮩ ifconfig,   Windows-⥬  㤨 ᪮쪮 , ⠢ ࠩ ⥢ 䥩  ⠭ ⥫ ⨫.

 ਯ⮧
   ⠫. ⠭ 802.11 ।ᬠਢ   祩 - 40   104 .     104  ஢   ॡ஬ ⠭ 쭮 ⮬⥫ ⨥   ࠡ 襩 ᫨⥫쭮 孨.   , ॠ  WEP-堭 ਯ⮧   ⮩稢  .     ᫥騩 䠪:  ஭ (ࠢ⥫  ⥫)   ᥪ 箬, ᯮ㥬   ஬ 樠樨  ஢  ஢ ଠ樨.   ⠭ 802.11b   堭  祩  ஭.  १,  ⥭ᨢ  묨, ॠ쭠  ୮ ᯮ짮 祭 ஢ 樠樨    ⥬  ᥪ 箬. ᮡ ॠ ⬠ ਯ⮧ ਢ  ⮬, ,   ⥢ , ஢  騬 箬,   ⮫쪮 ஢ ,   ᫨ ᥪ .    ⮫쪮 ஢  墠祭 ଠ,   ஢ ⨢   ஭.
 ࠡ  ⬮ ஢, ॠ  WEP,  ⮬,   ᪠ ୮ ᯮ짮  祩.     饭  ࠧࠡ⪥ ⠭.

। (Man-In-The-Middle)
  ⠪ ᯮ 㭪 㬨 ⮢  ஢ . 諥  ᢮ ࠡ祩 ⠭樨  㧥 㯠    ᨣ, 祬 ॠ 㧥 㯠.  ஢  ⮬᪨ ४砥   㧥 㯠, ।    ᢮ 䨪.  ᢮ ।, 諥 ।  䨪 ॠ쭮 㧫 㯠   ᪮ ࠡ祩 ⠭樨.  ࠧ, ⥬ 諥 砥   묨  ⮬  㧫 㯠  ।,       ⠪ - Man-In-The-Middle.  ⠪ ᭠ ⥬,   뢠  ᮥ (VPN), ⠭  ஢ , 뢠 ਭ㤨⥫ ॠ-ਧ VPN-.  १ 諥 砥 ਧ樮  ᪮஬஢  .

⪠  㦨
 । ।  ।⠢  ᨫ ⠪  ஢ .    - ᭨ ந⥫쭮   襭 ⢠ ⥢ 㦨    ࠫ . ⠪   뢠 DoS (Denial of Service)  DDoS (Distributed DoS).    諥 । 䨪,  ண ॢ蠥  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⥢ 㤮.  ⥢   ᯥ樠쭮 襭 ७ ன.    㧫 㯠, 뢠 ⪫祭 ⮢  ..  .. 諥  ⥫쭮 ⠪  ⤥ ࠡ ⠭   㯠, ⠪   ⮢ . DoS-⠪    ।७. ਬ, 맢 祭 ࠤ।饣 㤮, ࠡ饣  ⮩  ,   ஢ .
, DoS-⠪  ⠪ 魠  ஭     ਯ⮧,  㡨⢥ 䥪⨢.  ⮬ ⮣,   ⥫쭮 ࠭稢   䨧᪮ । ।   ஢  - ࠤ, ⭮, ਤ ᬨ  ⢮   娫ᮢ   孮.

⥢  ⮢ ஢ 
 樨  ࠭ 梨 ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ।⢥  ⭮   ᭮ ஢ ⥩,   筮 , ⮡ ⪮ 㯮  .   , 稢   , 諥   ⠪ ⮢   祭 㯠   ᠬ.
஢ઠ 񦭮 ࠧࠧ ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ᪮쪨 ⪠ ᪨ 設  ࠧ묨 樮묨 ⥬ 쬠 ਢ쭠    ⭮ ᯥ樠.  㬥⮬, 騬  ⮬⨧஢  ᪮ 楤 ஢ન 񦭮   ⥬,  ᪠ ᭮.  १⠬ ᫥ ⥬, ᪠ ନ   ᠭ 㦥   ⥭樠 梨⥩,    ४ﬨ  ࠭.  ᠬ      ⭥ ⠪ ணࠬ ᪠ : ISS (Internet Security Scanner), Retina, Nessus.



㤨

஢ 㤨  ஢   㡥   筮    ᢮ ࠭塞 ணࠬ AirSnort  Wellenreiter.   室 ਭ樯 ⢨.   । ࠡ稩  ஢ ,  䨪    ⨢ ⥢ ⮢,  ⠪  WEP-.      ਯ⮧ -  ⥫쭮 ⨥, ॡ饥 ᪮쪮 ᮢ;  ᡮ ⠫  筮 .  । ᥪ 祩,  ।, 室 墠  ஠஢ 浪 8-10  ஢ ⥢ ⮢ ( ਬ୮ 6 ᮢ ࠡ  । 㧪 㧫 㯠). ᫥ 墠 , ஢ 㦥 ᯮ짮 騬 箬, ⠭ ᥪ  - ᥪ㭤 .
 ⮬,   ஢ ⥩ ॢ⨫  த ࠧ祭,  㡥,    WiFinder  Wingle,  ᮡ࠭ ଠ  ஢   㪠  筮 ᪮   孨᪨ ࠪ⨪.  ⥩, ।⠢ ⨬ ᠬ, 祬- 㫮  ஦ ᯨ᮪ ⥫  ࠭  ⢥. ,  楢 ᨩ᪨ ⥩ 㪠 ⮫쪮 ⥫ <ਮ>.



뢮  ४樨

஠஢ ਢ    ⮤ 諥,  㡥,  ।ᬮ७  孮 ஢ ⥩ । 筮  ⭮ .    室,   ,  WEP- 뢠.   砥,  ᫥ ⪠뢠  ᯮ짮 ஢ ⥩,  ᫥ 뢠,      ⥭樠쭮 ᭠ । । .  ⮣ 뢮 ࠧ ᫥ 騥 ४樨  . 㥬 ⮤ ।⢥  易  ஢묨 ﬨ  뫨  ࠡ⠭  㣮 ⥭樠쭮 ᭮ । -  ୥:
  ਧ樨 짮⥫  ᯮ짮 孮 RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service);
 㬥襭 ᪠ ⥢   ࢥ  ࠡ ⠭ ⨣ ᯮ짮 ணࠬ ࠭஢ (firewall);
 ஢ ⨢ 諥   ࠭ ⠤;  ⮣ 㦠 ⥢ ⥬ 㦥 থ  ⥬-誨;
   । ଠ樨  ᠭ樮஢ 㯠  ⪠  ⥭樠쭮  ਪ ⮪, ।   ⮬  (FTP, TELNET, SMTP  ..),   ਯ⮧饭묨   ᯮ짮 ਯ-⮧  ⥢ ஢ - VPN, IPSEC;
   DoS-⠪,  㦥 뫮 祭 , ਤ ᬨ.




 4.
饥  饥

㤨⥫쭮,  ࠧࠡ稪 ⠭ 802.11  㤮⢮ਫ  ࠪ᪠ 񦭮 堭  ஢ ⥩. ⢨ ⮩ 㤮⢮񭭮 ⠫ ਧ  WEP ਯ⮧ WPA,   ६ ⮪ 楫⭮ 祩 (TKIP),  ண -   ୮ ᯮ짮  祩. WPA ᯥ稢  ᮢ⨬  WEP,   ᯮ짮   ⮩  ⭮ .  TKIP ᬠਢ ᥣ   ६ .  ਯ⮩稢 ⮤  (ਬ, AES) ॡ 㦥 㣮 ⭮ ᯥ祭,   ਢ    饣 㤮 ஢ 쭮 .
஢    ⥭樠   ⮫쪮  ࠭ ࢨᮬ,   ⮢ ⥫䮭 . ⨣ ,  ᠬ ,    쭥襩 樨  ᮢ襭⢮ ஢ 孮 । .  ⮨ ⮫쪮 뢠,   ⥫쭮 ⨬樨 孮,   窨 ७ ᨬ쭮 ந⥫쭮 ⥩, ⠪  ᮢ ᭮,  . , ,  ⮨   騪, ७ॣ     ᮢ襭묨 ।⢠ ᭮.



 5.
 ⠪ Barsum Wi-Fi?

Barsum Wi-Fi -  㭨ᠫ쭠 ணࠬ ଠ  ࠧ뢠 Wi-Fi  c ᯮ짮  祪 㯠  ந⥫. ᭮ 㭪樨 Barsum Wi-Fi - ஫ 㯠    ,  ଠ 砥  ᥡ  室 ࢨ 㭪樨  業 㭪樮஢ -ᯮ, ⠪   PIN-  祪 㯠,  奬 䨪樨, ਯ/⯥ , ⥣  PMS  㣨 묨 ⥬  ..
Barsum Wi-Fi   stand-alone 襭  ࣠樨 ᪮ 㣨 㯠  ୥  ⤥쭮 ⮬ ꥪ,  ⠪   ⮬ ணࠬ  ୥-, ⢥騬    ࠢ ஢묨 ﬨ  ꥪ ⮢.
ணࠬ  Barsum Wi-Fi  ⮬ ⮬⨧஢ ⥬ ⮢ < > (䨪 ᮮ⢥⢨   /1--344)  ।祭  襭  ࣠樨   ਧ樨 ⮢  ப  ஢ 㯠 ⠭ IEEE 802.11x (Wi-Fi).

᭮  Barsum Wi-Fi:
 ਧ   祭  ஢  Wi-Fi;
 ஫ 㯠     ᭮ ⠭    奬   ;
   㯠  ஢મ 㭨쭮;
 ᮧ  ࠢ 묨 ;
 䨪 ⮢  ॠ쭮 ६;
 ஢  ࠧ࠭祭 ࠢ 㯠  ࠢ ⥬;
  ⮣ ६ , ஢񭭮   INTERNET ( ६  ﬨ login/logout);
  ⮢  த  ᣥ஢ ;
     ஢ Ethernet-⥩.

२⢠ Barsum Wi-Fi:
 㤮 ।⢠ ࠢ  ஢ ⥬;
 ࠡ  ⮢  ।⭮ 奬 ;
 ਭ  ⭮  ࠡ ⥬;
 ⥣㥬 -  ⢨  譨 ணࠬ묨 ⥬ (PMS  ⨭, ⥬  ஭ ந⥫  ..);
 쭮 -  ⠢  ⥫묨
ﬨ, 騬  ᯥ ।⠢塞 ;
 ਬ ப  ᮧ  ७ ⥬ 䨪樨 ࠤ樮 ⥫䮭;
 ⨢ 孨᪠ প.

㭪樮  Barsum Wi-Fi
⥬ 㯠:
  㯠  ୥ ।⢮ Wi-Fi  筮   㧥, ᫥ 祣  㤥 ।  PIN- 㯠
 c ᯮ짮 ।   PIN-,    Wi-Fi    .   ᯮ짮 㣠  Wi-Fi  ᢮     
  宦  ਧ樨   㦭 ⠭  ᢮   ⥫ ਫ  ஥.   ਧ樨  ந室 १ WEB-䥩
 ᫥ 宦  ਧ樨  砥    ୥   짮 ᥬ 室묨 ࢨᠬ,  VPN-ᮥ
  ࠭祭 㯠    ୥  ᨬ   䨪, த⥫쭮 ᥠ ࠡ, ⮨ 䨪, ப ⢨ PIN-
 ⠪  ᯮ짮 ᮢ 奬 ࠭祭 㯠 (६ ࠭祭   䨪   ६  ..)
   뤠 㭨 PIN-,  ᯮ ⮫쪮  ࠧ  ⨢樨 㣨 㯠     ᯮ짮 ୮
 ஥ DHCP-ࢥ
 ஥ WEB-ࢥ
 ஥ ࢥ ਧ樨
   奬 ।⠢ PIN- ⠬:
 ।⥫쭠  PIN-  ᫥饩 ।祩/த ⠬ 祪, ᮤঠ PIN-
  PIN-   饭     ᯥ⪮ PIN-.  ⮬  ᯮ짮 <post-paid> 䨪樨  ᫥騬 ⠢   (奬,  ࠢ, ᯮ㥬  ⨭  ।⠢ 㯠   ୥ 栬 ⨭)
⥬ 䨪樨:
 䨪   ० ॠ쭮 ६
 䨪  ६ /  䨪
 প ᪮쪨  ⠡
 ᨬ   ६ ⮪, ⨯ , , ࠢ 䨪
  
 ⨢⭮
 ஢  ࠡ  ⥬
 ࠧ࠭祭 ࠢ 짮⥫
 ᯮ짮   ஫  ਧ樨 짮⥫  ⥬
 ࠧ࠭祭 㯠  䥩ᠬ ⥬ (ᬮ, ।஢ ,  㯠)
 ࠧ࠭祭 㯠   ⥬ ( 뢠      ࠧ 짮⥫)
 ࠢ ⥬ ।⢮ 짮⥫᪨ GUI-䥩ᮢ
 ⮡ࠦ ଠ樨  ﭨ  㯠  ० ॠ쭮 ६
 ஢ ⥬ ᮡ⨩ (⨢ 짮⥫ﬨ PIN-, 宦 짮⥫ﬨ ਧ樨  ..)
 ஢ ⢨ 짮⥫ ⥬  ਢ離  ⢨  ६   짮⥫
 ⮬᪨ ୠ 訡
  ஢  㯠 (ࠢ筨 ஢, ਢ離   ࠬ)
 ࠢ ᠬ ᡮ ⨪  䨪樨 (ன ਮ ६ ᡮ ⨪  樮 ன⢠, ன ਮ 䨪樨, ன ਮ  묨 १ PMS  譨 ଠ樮 ⥬ ⮬⨧樨 ⨭筮 )
 ⮬⨧  १ࢭ ஢  
⭮:
 ஥  ⮢

⢨  ⨭묨 PMS
稥  ⥣樨  PMS   ⨭筮 ⥬,   䥩ᮬ ⨭筮 ⥬, ।⠢ PIN-  㯠  ୥ 栬 ⨭  ந   㣨 㯠  饬  .

ਭ樯 ࠡ
ந ॣ   ⨭筮 ⥬.  ॣ樨  㪠뢠 <㯯 ࠭祭> ,   Barsum Wi-Fi.  㪠뢠  த PIN-, 饣  ⥬ Barsum Wi-Fi.   ᯥ뢠 PIN-.
⨭筠 ⥬ ।   Barsum Wi-Fi PMS  ॣ樨 .
 Barsum Wi-Fi PMS 砥 㪠 PIN-  த,  ᮧ    砥, ᫨  ॣ樨  뫠 㪠 㯯 ࠭祭.  ⥬ Barsum Wi-Fi    ॣ஢ .
᫥ ⨢樨  ⮬  ⮨  䨪 ।  ⨭ ⥬.
 믨᪥   ⨭筮 ⥬ ⠢ ,  砥  ᥡ ⮨ ᯮ짮  ୥.  ⥬ Barsum Wi-Fi ਯᠭ    砥  室.

 ⥦  ᪨-⠬  ୥-⥦
  ,  祭 ⥫쭮 ᮣ襭  ASSIST, த 㣨 㯠 栬 ⨪ ᪨  (VISA, MASTER  ..).
室  񦭮 ⥬ ⢫  砥, ᫨  ⪥ 祭    ᮮ⢥   襬 ,   ।  騩  㯨 PIN-  㯠.
 䠪 ᯥ譮   񦭮 ⥬,   Barsum Wi-Fi ।    ।񭭮 䭮 , ᫥ 祣  짮⥫   뤠  PIN-  ᮮ⢥騬  .



 6.
쭠   쭮 

० 祬   쭮   ,  ।⠢ 㤭 ⮣     ⥫쭮.  ॡ 쭮  ⨢ 祭 ଠ樨? 묨,  ⭮ 稭, 室   ୠ.
騬  ࠡ⭨ ࣮ .  ନ  ᢮  誠  堫   㯥ଠથ⮢,  ᮪孮 襭    .    ,  ࠡ 砥  த  㯪 ⮢஢.   㦭  ଠ,   ⮫쪮   ,   ᨤ  ᯫ  ,     ।.
  孮 ࠡ⪨  । ଠ樨  ⮬ ᥪ ᢮  ᯮ짮 ⥫䮭,   । 䠪ᨬ쭮 .  ६ ⠭ ⠫         ⨩  ᮮ⢥ ஡ ᥡ  ஫ ࣮ -  祫  ப  ⮢୮-쥢 থ.  ᫨ ࠡ  ᢮  饬 ⮢ਢ     த  㣮,  பࠬ,   , ।, 室 襢   冷 ⥭ᨢ.   ᠭ   ⮩ .  ப ᮮ頫 ஬,  筮 ॡ  . ன ⢥砫 : <', ,      ⮯>.  㡥 ᪠  ⮯, ன  ࠢ  ᪨  . ॥ ᥣ,  ,  㣮 ᯥ譮 室  த.   ⮣ 㦭 뫮 ᮢ   ⭨ ⥫䮭    ⪠ . ,  ᫮    뫮 쭮 ,    ࠧ   뢠 -  ⤥.   㦤  楯窠  -  ⠫ ଠ쭮 ࠪ⨪.   ᯥ ,  ࠭ 㧭  ।   ⮯,  ⠪ ਠ⮢ ,    ଠ樥  뢠  㦭  ॥,  ,  쭮.
 ࣮ 祬    뫮 ⥫쭮 , 祬   ﭮ. ୥ ⠫ 㯥 ,   ᪮ ࠧ , 祬 祭  BBS ⮣譨  १   ⮪ MNP-5.  쭮 ⮦  ⠪ - ᥩ  롮  ᪮쪨 ਠ⮢ 㯠  ଠ樨 < 室 ᫮>.  ⠭  㪠  쭮 ⥫䮭, 離 쭨-, ᬠ䮭  ,  ।⠥ ⥣஢ 襭,  GPRS-㫨  ⮯  .  㦥  । ⠫ ᮢ頭  ࣮ ଠ,  । 㤭    ,  ࠧ   ଠ   म  ࠭ 㪮.    ன⢠ 易   㣮,   ।⠢ ᮡ  , ꥤ  ਬ .
  ࠧ ⢫  ⠢ 쭮 ? ⠢  ஭   ஢, ⠪   ⠪   㤭.   ⠭ ⮫쪮  ਠ: ࠤ䥩 Wi-Fi  Bluetooth. ᫥, ࠢ, ਣ  ࣠樨 ୮ ,   ᯮ짮    ஢  Ethernet.   ᠥ Wi-Fi,  楫  襭  ஢  ⥩ (WLAN), ᯥ稢騩 ࠧ ᪮  쭮 । ଠ樨.
  뫮 ᪠ ,  䨪樨 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.), ।饣 ⠭   孨, ஢  뢠 ᥬ⢮ ⠭⮢ 802.11, 騬   ⠫ 802.11a (   㦥 ᫥ 802.11b).  ᯥ稢 ᪮ ।   54 /   5,15-5,35   5,725-5,85 .  ᮦ,  ᨨ   ⭮  ⥣ਨ < ࠢ⥫⢥ ᯮ짮>, ⮬ ᯮ짮 ⠪   맢  ⭮.    ᯮ  ᢮ 㦤 ᨩ᪠ ନ, ⮬    ⮫  業묨 ࠭祭ﬨ. 祬,   蠥,   ࠤ ⢨ ஢ 裡 802.11a  ॢ蠥  ⪮ ஢.
ன  ୮ ⮪ ஢ 裡   802.11b, ,      Wi-Fi. ன⢠ ⮣ ⠭  ।    2,4 .  設⢥ ࠭ ய  ୮ ਪ 頭  ⮬  (뢠 ISM - Industrial, Scientific, Medical)  ॡ 業஢. 쭮 । ⠭ <b> ⠢ 100 ஢,  ᪮ ࠭祭 11 ⠬  ᥪ㭤.   ਤ  襬 ࠤ ⢨ 짮⥫ 砥 襭 宧񭭮.     ଠ樥 -ࠪ 11 / 墠  .  ⮫쪮 뢠,   ⮬  쭮 ᨫ쭮   ஢ , ⮫   , ⠪   ६ ⮢  ࠯   ᭨ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ WLAN-   802.11b.
᫥, ਭ IEEE   2003 ., ⠭ ஢ 裡  802.11g  ⠪,   802.11a, ᯥ稢  묨  ᪮  54 /   2,4 .    २  ⮪  ⮬,  ᮥ, ⠭   ,  襭 ⮩稢.  ⮬   ⠭ ⭮ ᮢ⨬  ᢮ ।⢥ 802.11b.  ࠧ, ᫨  襬 쭮  㦥  ன⢠, ࠡ騥  ⮪ 802.11b,   ᪨ ਮ  㤮 ⠭ 802.11g.   窨 㯠 ⠪ ᬥ蠭   ४᭮   㣠.  ⢨ ன 802.11g  ᪮ 54 / ⠢ 15 ஢, ᯥ稢 ⢥    ⢨ אַ   ன⢠.
쭠   ᯮ짮 ⮪ 802.11 ᥣ ந 筮 .  뭪   ஢, ஢  祪 ஢ 㯠 ᠬ ࠧ ந⥫.  㪠  ᯮ짮 ஬ ଠ PCMCIA (PC Card), Secure Digital   USB.   ਠ 祭 Wi-Fi ஢   ⠬ Ethernet, ⠪ ன⢠, ਬ, ᪠  Buffalo. ࠢ,     ஢     묨. ࠧ 㤮  ᯮ짮  ७  㪮.
 ᫥ ६ ந⥫ 稭 ࠨ 㤮 Wi-Fi   ,  -    祢 ⮬ થ⨭ ⨪. ,  砫   IT-権, ௮ Intel, 뢥  뭮   Centrino.
ࠥ㣮 <> ⮩ ⥪ - ,  ࠭    Banias,  ⠪ 稯 Intel 855  ⥣஢ ஫஬ Intel Extreme Graphics 2 (樮쭮)   WLAN Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 (⮪ 802.11b).   Centrino ࠭ ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡ ᨬ쭮 㢥 த⥫쭮 ⮭ ࠡ 㪠. , 業ࠫ ,  孮 Intel SpeedStep  Mobile Voltage Positioning,  ࠡ  ࠧ   殮. 㬭 蠣, ᮡ  ᢥ ⮣ ⥫⢠,  ஢  來 㢥稢 ࣮ 㪮. ஫ WLAN ⮦ ⥫㠫஢   ࣮ᡥ० - 孮 Intelligent Scanning Technology ᭨ ࣮ॡ  ࠢ ⮩ ᪠஢  ᪥ 祪 㯠. 짮⥫      ० ࣮ॡ ஢ ,    ᠬ⥫쭮 ⠭ ᮮ⭮襭  ࣮ॡ  ந⥫쭮  ⠭ 㪠  ३.
 ᫥ 孮 । ,  ⥫ ࠧ,     㪠, ⠪  襭  ଥ Centrino  娬 롮஬  쭮 . ⮨ 㪠  ⨯ Centrino  ⭮ ந⥫ ਡ   砬 ஢.   죨 짮⥫ 砥 ⥬   Pentium-M  ⮩ 1,3   ⮬ , 14- ࠭, ⤥,  ⥣஢ , 128  , ᪨ ⥫,   20  -   業 , ந⥫쭮 ண 墠  ࠡ  ᥬ 묨 ਫﬨ.  ᨩ᪨ ந⥫,  DVM Group, । Centrino-㪨 ਨ Roverbook Nautilus;  iRu  Bliss ⠪ ⬥⨫  ⮬ ᥪ ᢮  Stilo  50 ᮮ⢥⢥.
⫨ ⥫  ஢  㯭 ।⢮ ஢  䥩ᠬ CompactFlash, Secure Digital  PCMCIA. ࠢ, ࠧ񬠬 ᫥ ⨯ 㤮   ,      浪 80 <>. 㯠    ,    <> ७  PCMCIA-ࠧ񬮬.   ਮ WLAN-  ଠ CompactFlash, ⠪   ᠬ   ७  ன. ⮨ ⠪ ஢ ஢  ॢ蠥  ஢.
,  SanDisk  ஢  த -  - Connect ।⠢ 짮⥫  ஢  ⠭ 802.11b, ⠪  ⥫  񬮬 128,  256 .    $130, ,  񬪨 -  ࠩ 150 ஢ .  襭 ᭮ ⥬,    ⢮  ࠤ 裡  . 祬, ᫨   - 饭 ,  ,   㦥 㤮 ஬ ஢ 裡. ਬ, ࠬ WLAN ⠭ 802.11b ᭠饭  Toshiba e740  iPAQ H5450. 㣨 ந⥫ ⮦  㭪樮쭮 ᢮    ஢ 㭨쭮.
⠪,  㤭 쭮   ⨢묨  ଠ묨 ࠬ   祭  ஢ .  ᥩ  稭 ᮢ ࠡ,     ࠭祭. , ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ⭨ ,  ஬  ⮩稢 , ࠢ 쬨  ॢ  ⢮  ४.   ஢묨 ࠬ  뢠   㣮  ० <ad hoc>.  ᮥ ⨯ <窠-窠> (peer-to-peer)   ᮡ  ⮬,  ⤥    ⠭    ﭨ, ॢ ࠤ ⢨  Wi-Fi ஢. ᫨  ࠬ, 室騬    㣠,     ஢ ,  㤥    ।⢥.  ᫨  멤  ।    ஢,   㤠묨 ࠬ .    ਠ ਬ   砥 ⭮ ᯮ ⮢  讬  ⢥.  ⮬ ,   砥  ࣠  짮⥫  ᠬ ஢  Ethernet.  ᫨ -  㤭  ᯥ ࠩ-   ।, ਤ ਮ ஢ ਭ-ࢥ (⠪ ᪠, ਬ,  Linksys) -  ஡窠  ன ⥭, 砥  筮 ਭ.
   襩 頤  ᥫ񭭮 ਤ 㤮 ⠪ 뢠 <窮 㯠> (Wireless Access Point  ᮪. WAP  AP).  ன⢮ ᯮ 㭪樨  / ⨧,  ⠪ ᯮᮡ 㢥祭 쭮 ⢨ ஢   200 ஢.  ࠢ, 窠 㯠 ᯮ ᮪  ⥭    ⮫ .
 २⢠ ᯮ짮 窨 㯠  ⭥   ⢨ ,    裡 <ad hoc>,  襭 ⥯  । . 窠 㯠  ᨫ ᢮ 樮୮   祭  쭮  ,  ᯥ  ⮫    ஢.
, 祪 㯠   ᪮쪮,    ⥫쭮  頤, 墠뢠 ஢ .
ਮ 窨 ஢ 㯠 ⠭ 802.11b ந⢠  D-Link, Lantech, Compex   ஦  ஢. ன⢠, ন騥   ⮪  騥 ⨯  ந⥫,   120 ஢  .
 ஬ 樨 ࠤ⮢   ।⠢  祭   xDSL  ᭠ ࠧ묨 䥩ᠬ,  ⮬ ᫥  USB 2.0.    祭, ਬ,  樮୮ ࢥ ,  㤥 믮 ⥫   ᯥ祭 ⥢ ᭮.



 7.
< >

 ஢ ⥩   㯮 ॢ⨫  ᢮ࠧ ᯮ  稫  <warchalking>. ७ <war> ⢮  ନ <wardialing>, 饣 ⠫ ॡ ⥫䮭 ஢ ୥-஢஢  । 㦥 ମ 㯠   . <Chalk>   ᪮ ॢ  <>,  楫 ନ <warchalking> 砥 ⠢ ⮪   ,   室  ஢     宧異 ( ⮢ 䨫 < >?). 㧨 warchalking' ᪠  㫨栬  Wi-Fi ,  ࠧꥧ  設  㪮, ᪠   ᪠ WLAN-䨪. 㦨 ⠪, ⭨ । ࠬ ஢     襩 ⥭ 箪, ࠪਧ騩  . 騩  祭 ࠧ ,   ⮬         ᤥ.
  ஢ 㯠 (hot spots) ᥣ ࠧ뢠  ᥬ .    ࠭騥     죨 짮 ୥⮬  ࠡ  ஭ ⮩  祭 ஢.   ஬ 㯠 ௮ Intel, ⨢    㯠  ⥫, ய,     ⢥ 짮. ࠭᪨ 裡 ᯮ  ਦ᪮ ய⥭, ⮡    ࠪ᪨  த.      ⮣ 㦥 ਬ   ⠪䮭,  襭 ॢ   㯭 ⠩᪨  裡 Chunghwa Telecom.  ᮬ,   ࠢ ஢᪮  㤥 , ⠪   㯪  쭮  ᫥  ਮ⥭ Wi-Fi      ଥ Centrino.



 8.
⭮?

 ᫥ ன⢥ ࠪ  ਭ ⨥  ⮫쪮 ⥤뢠騥 .  ࠡ ।⮨ த    ࠧ ଠ樮 孮.  ,   ᮧ ⥫㭨樮   ࠪ 㤥 楫ᮮࠧ ࠧ  ஢ । .  ࠧ ய᪠ ⠯ ப ண ଠ樮 ࠫ. ਬ ७ 孮 Wi-Fi  ࠭ 쥣  㦥 .  ⭮,  ⠭ ஢  ᮥ  ॢ쪨,    室  ,    ࠢ. ஥ ண 裡 ॢ ᯮ஢ 㤠⢥ ⥫䮭  ⠭.  ࠧ ᯥ祭 ⥫䮭    祭  ୥. ।⢮ Wi-Fi ୥ ࠫ   設 .  ५ 2003 .  直 ⠢  㤮  ୥-,  ண 쯨 ᬮ 室    ஭   ⥫䮭.
஬  ᫮ ࠤ 㤮   ᪨ .  롨ࠥ Wi-Fi  裡  ஢,   २⢥  ⮨  㤠⢮. ப   諠  ࠢ ஦,  騥 ᥯,    ⥫쭮 㤭﫨  㦨 .  ૠ ⠪  ࠡ  ࠧ ஢ ,  墠 㤠 ᥫ 㭪.   ᪨ १ࢠ ୨ ஢ ࠧ ୥⨧ 誮  楩᪨ ⪨.  ୨  -   Hewlett-Packard  ᮡ⢥ ।⢠ ⠭ 㤮 Wi-Fi  ᥬ १ࢠ 㣠 -.
⠪,   㢥७ ஢,  ஢  ⠭⮢ 802.11  ࠪ᪨ ⢥  ᥣ 襭, ਣ  ࣠樨 쭮 . ப প  ⠭⮢ ⮢⥫ﬨ ஢  ⥢ 㤮   ,  ७ ᪮ ਢ  ⥫쭮 ᭨ 業  ஢ 襭. ⮬ 㤥 ᯮᮡ⢮  ,    ந⥫ ⭮    ᮧ 稯 ஫஢ WLAN. ன⢠   ᭮ ⠭  襢, ⠪  ⭥,     ॡ  ࣨ.   ᪮ ।  - 㦥  稯  ⥭, ᯥ稢騥 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  108 /.   ᪮ 㯭  ࠬ 802.11g  ꥤ   ,  ⮬ ᨬ쭠 ᪮ । (54 /) 㢥稢 .



 9.
ୠ⨢

 ୠ⨢ ⮪ 802.11 ᯮᮡ ஥ ஢   㯮 ࠧ  䥩 Bluetooth  ࠪ . ਬ ࢮ ࠭祭 ᫥⢨  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ,   ॢ蠥 700 /,   ࠤ ⢨ Bluetooth-裡  設⢥ 砥 ⠢ ᨬ 10 ஢.     ⮬,  ⭠  孮     ᪮쪮 ஦ 㤮  ⥩ Wi-Fi.  <ᨭ-> ன⢠ -      㪮, ⠪  窨 㯠 - ᪠  த. ᫥   120-150 ஢     ᥬ ⮢.     ⠭ Bluetooth 1.1 ⨫  ᫥ ६  ⬥⪨  40 ஢.
 ࠪ ⥩   ਠ⮢ ॠ樨,   ७ ⠪   襢, ⠪      㪨 㦥  ࠪ .  易⥫쭠 筠 ࠢ 񬭨  ।稪, ⨬ 㣫 ⪫ - 15-75 ࠤᮢ;  ਭ  ࠦ ᨣ.  ᮦ, 쭮 裡 -஢  ॢ蠥 4 ஢, ⠪  <㤭>   㤠, ⮫쪮 ᨤ     ⮫.  ࠪ᭮ 裡  ⨣ 4 /. ன⢠  ࣠樨 ࠪ᭮  ᪠, ਬ,  Clarinet Systems. ,  ⨬  (  ⮫쪮  )  , 騩  ᪮쪮   ⮯, 㤮 -⠬,  ஢  ⠭ 802.11b. ࠪ 񬮯।稪   $30-40,  ਭ樯 ⢨ ࠭稢  ਬ ⥭  .  ⮬ , ᮪ ᪮   ந  ᥣ譨 . ᯮ짮   ࠧ   ⢥ <> 쭮   祭 , 㤮 -⮬.
⠢ 襨, ⥫  㬠,    쭮  - , 㯭 ⮫쪮 ⮯-ࠬ, ᯮ騬   ᫥ ஢ 権  থ, ஢ ७権  祩 䠭⨪.   ᠬ     㤮 ।⢮  ⮬⨧樨  -ᮢ. ।⠢ ᥡ ᪫,  ࠭   ⮢.  । ⮢  ࣮   䨫  ᮯ஢ ॣ樥 ⮣ ᮡ   , ⢫塞  筮     ⨪㫠. ᫨  ⮢஢ 筮 ୠ,  訡   ⮢,  ⥬   ࠡ⭮ .  ᫨  騪  ᯥ   ᥡ   ᪠஬ -  㯮  ஢  ।, 楤   ⥫쭮 ᪮.    ।  ⮢ ᪫,   .  ᪮  筮 ࠡ⪨  易  ⮬  ।, ⠪   Wi-Fi  ᪫ ࠢ ᥡ 祭 .
࣮  -     ⮬⨧. 祭  砥 ,     ᪠  २⢠  ᮪孮筮 ⮢ । 㣨     뢠騥 ࠪ⨪.   ⥬  ᪠஬ - 祭     ⮬ 砥. ᫠ ᯮ ⨪ ⮢  ࢥ  ।   ᠭ ⮢ ( ⮩   ,  ।⠢  -ᠩ )   ᪮쪮 ᥪ㭤. 䥪⨢  䥪⭮ -  񭭮 㯠⥫  <த⮬ > 㤥 筮 ⥫.  ᫥    ࣮  易⥫쭮    ,  묨     ⫥ﬨ.
 ଠ  ⮢   ⮫쪮  ᪠஢ -.  ᯮ짮 ஭ ⪨ -  ࠤ稯, ਪ९    ⮢.   ⨢ ࠧࠡ⪨  ⮬ ࠢ, 祬 ᯮᮡ  প થ⮫, ॢ ⠪ ࠧ   㯠⥫. , ࠤ稯  䥪⨢, 祬  모, ।० 饭 ⮢.
 ᪠,  - ஢ 孮    ࠪ᪨    ࣮ . 室  ᬥ  ,     , ᬠਢ  ᪫ -   񦭠  ᥣ ਣ    ࠡ⭨.  ॠ ਠ⮬  ᯥ祭 ᥣ  ஢  Wi-Fi.




 5.
Windows XP SP2: ன ஢   ࠭



 1.
   SP2?

  ।,  㭪樨 SP2,   ।, ࠣ  㠫 ᥣ ࠢ: ᭮ ⥬  ஢ .

 ⥢ ࠭ Windows
 Windows XP SP2   ⥢ ࠭ (Windows Firewall), 訩 Internet Connection Firewall (ICF)  Windows XP  SP1   <⮩> ⠭. ⥢ ࠭ 頥 襤訩  ୥ 䨪, ய᪠:
 ଠ,  諠  ⢥    襣 ;
 ଠ, ᮮ⢥ ࠢ  䨫஢.
 SP2 ࠭  ᮢ襭⢮. 祬, ,   ⥬   NT5 (Windows 2000, XP) 㦥  宩 ࠭, 㯭 १ Windows IP Security Policy (쭠 ⨪ ᭮? ⨪ ᭮ IP).
 Windows XP  SP1   <⮬> ਠ ࠭ ICF  㬮砭  ⪫   ᮥ.    뫮     ᮧ  祭  ୥,  १  <⥫쭮>  ᢮⢠ ᮥ.  ⮬ ᪠ ய᪠ 䨪 ᭠㦨  䨫ࠬ ⮢ TCP  UDP.
 Windows XP SP2 ந諮  ,  ⮬ ᫥:
 ⥬ 饭  ᠬ 砫 ࠡ;
 ࠭ ᯮ  㬮砭   ᮥ;
 ன    ᮥ (  롨 ᮥ,    ⢮ ࠢ);
 ࠧ襭 ய᪠ 䨪   ⠬, ⠪   ணࠬ;
 ࠧ襭 ய᪠ 䨪   IP-ᮢ;
 ஥ প IP ⮩ ᨨ;
   䨣樨 १ ⨫ netsh  㯯 ⨪.



 2.
ன ⥢ ࠭ Windows

 室  ன ࠭ Windows  ᯮ짮 窮  ࠢ < ᯥ祭 ᭮>,  ,   䥩 ࠢ.    <ன ࠬ஢ ᭮> 롥 <࠭ Windows>. (ਬ砭: ᫨  < ࠢ>    ᪨ ,   롥 箪 <࠭ Windows>).  ࢮ ࠭  /몫 ࠭,  ⠪ ⢮ ࠬ < ࠧ ᪫祭>,  㤮 ᯮ짮  祭  , 񦭮   ࠭஢. ,   ࠡ⠥  㡫筮 -ᯮ.  ⮬ ன   <᪫祭> .
ਢ ⨯ 業਩:  쭮  襩 ࣠樨  ⤠   襬 㪥  騩  (⠭ ᪫祭 <騩   䠩  ਭࠬ>). ⥬  㥧  ஢ -  砥  ⥢ , ⮡  .  ⮬ 砥  ᫥ ⠭  < ࠧ ᪫祭>, ⮡  襩    稫 .
᫨  ᯮ ୥ ⮫쪮  ᬮ web-࠭  ⥭ ,  ᪫祭   ॡ .  㦭  ⮬ 砥, ᫨  襬  ࠡ - ᯥ樠  ࢥ ணࠬ (ftp-ࢥ, www-ࢥ),    ।⠢   ᢮   . ⮡ ந ᪫祭, 室 ३   <᪫祭>.  㦥  ᪮쪮 㦡  㬮砭. ⬥⨬,   <⥫쭮>  㪠뢠 ᪫祭 ⤥쭮  ᮥ.   <᪫祭> 㪠뢠 ᪫祭,   ⢮   ᮥ.
 ਭ樯,  ६ ⠭ ணࠬ Windows XP ᠬ ।। ,    ᫥  ᪫祭.
᫨    <஢>,    ணࠬ (web-ࢥ Apache) 㤥  ᪫祭.
᪫祭    .  ⮣ ᫥ ᯮ짮 蠬 < ணࠬ>  < >.
  ᪫祭   ᯮ짮  ணࠬ,   -     ᯮᮡ.  ⥬,   㤮.
 ,    ᪫祭    ⢨:
   (  ୥);
 ⮫쪮 쭠  ();
 ᮡ ᯨ᮪.
᫥ ਠ   ᯨ᮪ IP-ᮢ ( ),   㤥 ⢮ ᪫祭.  ⬥,    <騩   䠩  ਭࠬ> Windows  㬮砭 ࠭稢 ⮫쪮 쭮 .   堪  ୥    ஡.
     ᪫祭 ( < >)  , ࠢ ᪫祭    <>,  ⥬ < >.
    ᪫祭 室 䫠 <⮡ࠦ 㢥,  ࠭  ணࠬ>. ᫨  , ⮡ ᮮ⢥饥   ᮮ饭 﫮   ⠪ 砥,  䫠 ᫥ ⠭, ᫨    ⢫,- .
᫥  ஥ ࠭ <⥫쭮> 뢠 祭 .   ⮣,  ࠭    몫  ।񭭮 ⥢ ᮥ.
,    ⪫ ࠭  쭮  ( ࠢ )  ⠢   ஢   祭  ୥. 祬,  ⠪   - ᯮ ᪫祭ﬨ.
  <⥫쭮>  ந ࠭ ⤥쭮   祭. ਬ,   web-ࢥ Apache  ᯮ짮  㦨 ⮫쪮 ⮢ 쭮 .  ⮣ 㤠 ᪫祭 ( <᪫祭>),  ⥬   <⥫쭮> 롥 㦭 ⥢ ᮥ (᪠,  )    <ࠬ>.
  ਬ 筮 㪠 㦡 <-ࢥ (HTTP)>. ᫥ ⮣  쭮  ᬮ   襬 web-ࢥ.      ᢮ 㦡 ( <>),   ⮣ 室   ࠡ稩 . ⬥⨬,   ᪫祭  ਫ    -  㭪 ࠡ⠥ ⮫쪮   ᪫祭 ( <᪫祭>).
 ,   <⥫ ࠬ>  ॣ㫨஢ ࠡ ⮪ ICMP   ᮥ ( <ICMP>).
 ४㥬 㪠뢠  <  室饣 >, ⮡   ஢ ࠡ   <ping>  㣨 ஢  . 祬, ICMP  ந    祭 ࠧ.
饩   <⥫쭮>   < ୠ ᭮>.  <ࠬ>    䠩 ୠ, ࠧ  ࠬ ᥩ. 稢  ୠ,  ᬮ ᫥ ࠡ ࠭.
 <⮪ ICMP>   <⥫쭮>  ⠭ ࠬ ICMP ࠧ   ᮥ.
 ,  ४㥬 㪠뢠  <  室饣 >, ⮡   ஢ ࠡ   <ping>  㣨 ஢  .
, ᫥ 㭪 <⠭ 㬮砭>  ࠭ <⥫쭮>    ࠬ  室.



 3.
஢   Windows XP SP2

 SP2 Microsoft 訫 ࠡ  ஢묨 ﬨ,  ᫥騥 .
 ஥ প WPA. ᫨ ࠭  ⮣ ॡ ᪠ ,  ⥯  室 ࠬ    ᢮ ᮥ. ⢥,  ⮣   ࠩ  ন WPA.
 㦡 ⮩ ன ஢ .    ⮬⨧஢   ன ஢ ᮥ,   祭  -ᯮ⠬.
  ன ஢ .   믮 蠣 ன ஢   ࠭ 䨣  USB-५,   쭥襬  㤥 ᯮ짮  ன 㣨 ⥬.
 ୠ஢ 㦡 Wireless Zero Configuration. 㦡 ⢥砥  㦥  祭  ।⥫ ஢ , ⮬  ୠ  ࠧ   ஡ ⠭ ᮥ.
 ⠭ ஢ ᮥ.  ⮣ ⮡ ᯮ짮 ⠭, 筮 񫪭 ࠢ     ᮮ⢥饣 ᮥ   ⥪⭮   <⠭>.  ᠬ , 믮  ⪫祭  ୮ 祭 ᮥ.
   ᯮ짮 ⥭䨪樨 802.1x.  ⮬᪮ ⪫祭 ஢ ,  ⥭䨪  室, 802.1x ⮬᪨ ⪫砥  筮   ஢.
⢥  ࣫   ஢ ⥢ ᮥ.



 4.
㯭 

,   ࠭, ⮡ࠦ ᯨ᮪  㯭 ⥩,   ᬮ 㯭 ⠪ ࠬ,   , ⨯  (Ad-Hoc  Infrastructure).   ᫥ ⬥  ஢ ᨣ (  ࠢ   㯭 ),  ,  ( 񭭮  ⮡ࠦ ᯥ樠 箪)  ।⥫쭮 .
   襩 ᪠  㯭 ⥩, ⠭ ஢ ⥩,  冷 ।⥭, ᬠਢ ᢮⢠ ஢ ᮥ.
 祭 ⥯ ⮡ࠦ   짮⥫. ᫨ 祭 㤠,    ࠧ,  ᫥騬 ⠯ 㤥 祭 ⥢ . ᫨    㤠,   ࢥ DHCP 㯥,   㤥 ⮬᪨ ᢮    169.254.0.0/16,  ⮡ࠧ   ᮥ (।०   ᪫栭).   㦥  ࢮ 鸞 ⠭ ⥭  ᮥ: 祭, ⪫祭, ࠭祭  ᮥ ⠭.



 5.
⠭ ஢ 

ன ஢  ⠪ ⥫쭮 ⨫.   ᮧ ஢ . 砫 㦭   <⥢ 㦥>   㭪 <⠭ ஢      >, ᫥ 祣   ⠭ .    㣨 : -  ணࠬ -⠭ - - ன ஢ .  ⬥,    ࠨ ⮫쪮   ᯮ짮 窨 㯠 (० Infrastructure). ᫨   ࠧ  AdHoc ( 窨 㯠,   ⮫쪮 ஢ ),  ਤ ᯮ짮 筮 ன.
騩 ࠭ ।   SSID, ஥     ᥩ , । ᯮᮡ 祭 祩 ஢   ।⢥ ᯮᮡ ஢ (WEP  WPA -   窨    ).  ᥡ  । ࠧ ,   WEP  ᫨誮 񦭠,   譥   㤥 筮. ᫨  ,  ᯮ짮 WPA (᫨   ࠩ ন  -   㬥樨).
 ஢    ⮬᪨,  㪠 ᮡ⢥.  롮 ᮡ⢥  ᫥饥   ।  祩.
 ⮬᪮ 樨  蠣 㤥 ய饭.
᫥ 祭  室 ࠬ஢ 室  ᫥饬 ࠭.  㤥 ।  ᯮ짮 -५,  ந  .
 ᯮᮡ   ७ 䨣  㣨  ஢ .  ⮣ 筮 ஢ 楤 ன  , ࠭  ⮬  ࠬ  ५. , ᫨ 窠 㯠  ন  ଠ樨  USB-५,   ਤ ந .
, ᫥ 樨, 室 ᮥ ५     ᥬ ࠬ,  室   .
   ५  㣮 ,   ਣ襭     ஢ . ᫨ ਣ襭  ,    ५ 䠩 setupSNK.exe. ᫥ ⮣,     ५  , ⠢  ⭮     ࠡ .
᫥ ⮣   ᯥ ࠬ .
     ⠭ ஢ .   ࠡ 室    IP-   .  ⮣ ᫥   192.168.x.y,  x -  襩  ( 0  255),  y -     ( 1  254).  襩          ࠧ  . , 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2  .. IP-   ᢮⢠ ᮥ ( 箪 ᮥ,    ࠢ    롥 <⢠>). ⥬   <騥> 롥 ⮪ <Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)>    <⢠>.  襬  롥 <ᯮ짮 ᫥騩 IP->.  ⢥ ᪨ 㪠 255.255.255.0.
믮 楤  IP-   .
 ஢ન ᮥ  ᯮ짮 ⨫⮩ ping.  ⮣ 㦭   ப ( >믮)    <cmd>, ⢥न .   ப  <ping>  㪠 IP- 㣮  ( ਬ, 192.168.0.2). ,     ⪫祭 প ᪫祭 ICMP - ⮣ ping-⢥   .
᫨  ,    ping-⢥,    樨.
ࠢ,   ஥.
ଠ  ࠡ ஢       ﭨ ᮥ.  ⮣  ࠢ 襩   箪 ᮥ  롥 <ﭨ>.
  ﭨ ᮥ ⮡ࠦ ﭨ ᮥ (祭, ⪫祭  祭 ࠭祭  ),  ,   SSID, த⥫쭮 ᮥ, ᪮ ᮥ  魮 ᨣ. ᫨   ᮥ   ᪫栭,  砥,  ᮥ ࠭祭  ,   ⥬  㤠  IP-.     ᮥ.



 6.
ன ஢   窨 㯠 (० AdHoc)

 ᮦ,  ன ஢    ᮧ  AdHoc -     窨 㯠, ⮫쪮  ࠬ. ⮡  ந,  ࠢ 襩   箪 ஢  (ᮥ)  롥 <ﭨ> (Status). ⥬ ३   <⢠> (Properties).
 ⮬  롥  <஢ > (Wireless Networks).
  <> (Add).
 襬  ᫥ 㪠  襩  (ਬ, <THG>),  ⠪  ஢ WEP  WPA (᫨ ন ࠬ).   ⮬᪮ 樨     .      ⠢ , 㪠뢠   AdHoc. ⥬ 㪠   IP-.
᫥ ⮣,   ᮧ ஢    ,  ᫥    ⠫ .  ᤥ  .   <ﭨ> (Status) ஢ ᮥ 㣨 ஢   <஢ > (View Wireless Networks).    㢨 ⮫쪮  ஥ ,  ன  ᬮ .  ⮬ 室 㤥   WEP ( WPA),  ⠪ 㪠 IP-.
, 襤訥   ⮬  (Service Pack 2)  Windows XP ஭㫨 ஢   ࠭.   ⠭  ᫥⥫쭮   室 ࠬ  祭  ࠭ ,   ࠭ 䨣樨  -५   ன 㣨 ஢ ⠭権,  祭 㤮  㯭 .
 ⥢ ࠭   ⮫쪮 襩 ,   筮 㤮 䥩ᮬ,    ᮢ ᯮ짮 த.   ࠧ   ⮫쪮  ⠬,    ਫ.



 7.
⥪ ஢ ⥩ PCTEL: 饬 窨 㯠

⥪  ⠪ ,     ࢮ 鸞.  ᠬ   । ⮫쪮 窨 㯠,       ० AdHoc.  ⠪ ⠫ । 窨 㯠  ०  WDS,   ᨫ  ᯮ, 祣  ᪠  ० ⥫. ⥪ ᯥ譮 㦨  㯠, ࠡ ⥫ WDS,     ४祭  ० .
஢   ० ⢨    ࠡ ன⢠. 砫 ⪫砫 ஢   ࠡ ⥪.  ᭨,     ॠ  ஢ ,      WRT54GS,   । !  ⥪   ॠ  ஥  Bluetooth H2210 iPAQ, 室騩  ० ᪠ 㣨 ன.
᫨  ⭮ ᥡ   짮⥫,   뢠 室 । 稥 ஢ ,   ⥪ -  ,  㦭.




 6.
㪮⢮  襭 ஡: ன /⥫ WDS



 1.
孮 WDS

ନ WDS ஢뢠  <஢ ⥬ ।> (Wireless Distribution System),  ন  訬 ⢮ 祪 㯠 802.11.  ,   窠 㯠 ⠭ ஢ ᮥ  ᮡ,  ⮣, ⮡ ᯮ짮 ஢ Ethernet-.
 WDS ᭮뢠  MAC-  ᯮ ᯥ樠 ⨯ ஢,   ⢮     MAC-ᮢ, । ⠭⮬ 802.11,    筮 ।   窮 㯠  ⮬.
ᯮ짮   MAC-ᮢ   - ⢥,  ॠ  ⠭ 802.11,  ⮣  筮  ॠ樨 㭪権   窠 㯠 ஢ ।,    ண  802.11b,     90-  諮 .  襭 ࠡ⠫  ஢ 㯠  । ।  (MAC),  孮 뫠 ࠧࠡ⠭  Choice Microsystems.
窨 㯠  㭪樥 ஢  ⠢ 쬠 ண ਬ୮  ᥭ 2002 ,  ஢  諨  ࠧ ᮢ ன. ⭠   D-Link 뫠 ࢮ,  ᭨ 業 ன  , ⨢ ᯫ⭮  訢  ᢮ 窥 㯠 DWL-900AP+.
 ⮬ ,  뭪   ண த, ন騩 㭪樨   ⥫. 㣨  ᫥  D-Link ⮦ ⨫  ,  ⠪ ।⠢ ஢    ᠬ⥫ ன, ਬ, Linksys WET11.
   ன⢠ 㦥 ᯮ짮 孮 WDS,   祣  㯮.   ࠭﫮   ,   뭪  ⠫  த 802.11g   稯 Broadcom,  ந諮  砫 2003 .  ⮣ ନ WDS  砫 ப ᯮ짮. Broadcom 稫 প WDS  ணࠬ ᯥ祭,  ᪮ 窨 㯠 ⠭ 802.11g  প WDS ࠫ ୮.
WDS  ᯮ짮  ॠ樨  ० ஢ ᮥ  窠 㯠:
 ० ஢  -  窠 㯠 ࠡ ⮫쪮  㣨 窠 㯠,    ᪨ ࠬ
 ० ஢ ⥫ -  窠 㯠 ࠡ   㣨 窠 㯠, ⠪   ᪨ ࠬ

⪨ WDS
ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⠪ ஢ ᮥ 㬥蠥 ਬ୮    ⠪ ᮥ,  <->.  易  ⥬,   ।   ᥬ ன⢠ ᯮ  ,  ஬  ।  ஢ .
᪨ ।     ন  ᮥ WDS.  砥,  WPA  㣨 孮, ᯮ騥 ᪮ । 祩, ᮢ⨬  WDS.  ਬ ⮫쪮 ᪨  WEP.  ⠪ ࠭    ⮢,  १ 窨 㯠 WDS.



 2.
⨬ ॠ権 WDS

 㦥 㯮,  ᯥ䨪樨 WDS  ,    ᪮ , ᫨ ᫥⥫᪠ 㯯 IEEE, ନ஢  砫 ⮣ ,   <ࠡ祩 㯯> (task group).     ᮢ⨬ ࠧ  楫   ந⥫ 㤮,   ਫ  ᨫ, ⮡ 짮⥫  ந   㤮 ࠧ .
 ⮣, ந⥫ 㪠뢠  㬥樨,  ०   ⥫ 㤥 ࠡ ⮫쪮  㤮 ⮩  .   ᫨ אַ 㪠  ஡ ᮢ⭮ ࠡ ० WDS  㤥,     ᮢ⨬ ன⢠  ந⥫  ன⢮ 㣮 㤥 ࠪ᪨ !
 ,  த 802.11g  প WDS 믮   稯⮢  Broadcom,   ⠭ -䠪  ⭮襭 ॠ樨 WDS  ᢮ 㤮.  ந⥫ 㤮 ᯮ ࠧ 䥩.
⮬  ࠭஢,  ன⢠  㭪樥 ஢ /⥫ WDS, 饭 ࠧ묨 ந⥫ﬨ,  ࠡ !       㤠 ⠭ ᮥ,  ᫨  ன⢠ 饭  ந⥫!    易  ⥬,     ந ࠧ묨 OEM/ODM.
 ,  ६, ᫥ ᪠  訢, 蠭  ᯥ ᮢ ࠡ த⮢ WDS  ࠧ ந⥫ ⮫쪮 .  ᭮ ९⢨ ⠭ ࠧ ନ, ᯮ㥬 ࠧࠡ稪 䥩ᮢ  ⮢/⥫.   ਬ஢    ⠭楩 ࠧ࠭ .
ਬ砭:  ⥫  ,  ᭮ ⬥⨬: த WDS  ࠧ ந⥫  易⥫쭮  ࠡ . ⮬  ᥣ ( ,  窨 ७ ࠡ  寮প) ᯮ짮   ன WDS   ந⥫. ᫨     砥,  ᫥ ⠭  ᪮쪨   ந⥫. ⭮ ⮣,    ࠡ , 筮 .



 3.
  ᯥ譮 ॠ樨 WDS

। ⥬,  ३  ன, 室 ஢ ⮢⥫ ࠡ, ⮡  쭥襬   ஡.
 ਢ  易⥫   ⥫ 蠣, १  ४ ன.
 ,  ஢     ।  १  窨 㯠.  ஢ 筮  ᤥ, ᫨  窨 㯠   १ Ethernet-.   㤥 ࠭஢ ࠡ ஢ .
    窨 㯠 ﭭ IP-. , ⠪ 襭 筮 㤮  ன ⥢ 㤮. ᢠ ᪨ IP-,      ⥭樠쭮 ९⢨  襭 ஡ 裡. ,  ᢮  ᪫祭   DHCP-ࢥ,      樨,    㤥   ,   ⮬  ⭮!
 ⠭   窠 㯠     (᢮) . ᪮  窨 㯠   WDS ।   ᮡ,   ᯮ짮  .  ⥩ 802.11b  11g  ४㥬 ᯮ짮 1, 6  11 .   砥, 室 㡥,    ᯮ ᥤ .
  ࠧ SSID  祪 㯠. 窨 㯠 WDS ⠭ ᮥ  ᭮ MAC--ᮢ, ⮬ ᬮ ࠡ ᨬ  ⮣,  䨪 SSID .  㣮 ஭, ஢   祭 ᯮ SSID.  孨᪮ 窨 ७,  窠 㯠   WDS     㦨 (ESS)        SSID.
 㬨 設⢠ ஢ ⮢  窠 㯠 ॠ ⠪ ࠧ,    ४   窨 㯠  ,    - ᮥ,     ᪮ ࠡ.  ᮡ ⠭ ⭮,    ⥫  襩 WLAN,   ⪠뢠   ࠡ!
᢮ ࠧ SSID 窠 㯠,  ᬮ    ,  ᯮ ⠭ ⨫ WinXP <Zero Config>,   ⮡ࠦ 窨 㯠  묨 SSID. ஬ ⮣,    㤠 ᬮ ४    㯠,     MAC-.
 ᪨ IP-  ஢ ⮢.   ᪮ 祭  IP- ॡ 筮  ६.  ࠬ IP  ஢ ⮢ ᪨ ( ⮬ ᫥    ࢥ DNS),  ᭨ ⭮  訡  ४祭    窨 㯠  㣮. ஬ ⮣, ⠪   ஡ । ᮢ DHCP १ ⮢ 祭,     ⨧஢.
   ᥬ ᠭ  室    ࠧ饭 祪 㯠. 筮 ⠪ ,    㣮 ஢ ⥢ 㤮, ᪮ ᮥ WDS   ᨫ ᨣ.  裡  ⥬,    WDS ᭨ ᪮ ࠡ ਬ୮ ,  ⮨ ᭨   - ᯮ 祪 㯠 ᫨誮    㣠.
⮡  㤠   ⠭ ਤ ஡ ࠧ ਠ,   㬠,  ⠭ ன⢮  ࠭ 饩 ,    ! ஬ᮬ  㤥 ⠭ ⥫ ⠬,  ᪮ ᮥ (⮡ࠦ ⨫⮩) ⠢ 5,5 /    11b  24 /    11a  11g,  , ਬ୮,   ᨬ쭮 ﭨ.
稢  ਣ⮢ﬨ, 室  MAC- ன   㯠!



 4.
 MAC-ᮢ

 뫮 ᪠ , ᮥ WDS ࠡ  ᭮ 䨧᪨ ᮢ.    ᯮ짮 ०,  ॡ騩 㪠 MAC-ᮢ  童 ,   ४   ᯮ짮,  㪠 MAC-.  襭   ( LAN), ⨢ <> 祭 祪 㯠  . ஬ ⮣, ⭮, ⠪ 襭   蠭ᮢ  ᯥ, ᮡ  ᯮ짮 㤮 ࠧ ந⥫.
᫨  ᯮ ⨫ WinXP Wireless Zero Configuration, , ⭮, ,   ⮡ࠦ ⮫쪮 SSID 祪 㯠, 室  ࠤ ⢨. ⢥ MAC-,   㢨   , ਭ ,   窥 㯠.
 ⮩ ᯮᮡ 㧭 MAC- 祪 㯠  - ᯮ짮 ⨫⮩,  ⠢    ஬. ।   ࠧ묨 ࠬࠬ ६    ᯨ᮪ 㯭 祪 㯠   MAC-.
:  楫 襭 ஢ ᭮  ⮨ ᯮ짮  SSID,  㪠  ਬ!
᫨ ᪠ ⨫   ᬠਢ MAC--,   ᯮ짮 䥩ᮬ ஢ 窨 㯠.  ⮨     ,    ⮡ࠦ  MAC-:  ஢  ஢ 䥩ᮢ. ᫨  襬 砥  ⠪  ⮨,  㡥,  ᠫ  MAC- ஢ 䥩.

ਬ 1:    ⥫
 㭪  奬 ⮩    ⥫   <宯>,   ᯮ짮  㢥祭 ࠤ ⢨ ஢ .
 ⮬ ਬ ᯮ짮 窨 㯠 802.11g  稯 Broadcom - Belkin F5D7130  ASUS WL300g.   窨 㯠  宦 ன⢮,  ஢ ⥢  Broadcom BCM4702,  ,   䥩 ⥫쭮 ࠧ   ன WDS.
  ன WDS  窥 㯠, 񭭮  LAN.  㭪   ࠭ ன ஢   窨 㯠.
,  ᫥  祭  祪 㯠  ஢  -   ⥬ ⢫  ன.  ⮨ ᫮ , ᬥ訢 ஢  ஢ ᮥ.
孨 䫠 砥  WDS, , , ⪫  㬮砭. ⥬ 㦭 < 祭 ⮫쪮 㪠 祪 㯠> (Enable ONLY specific Access Points to connect),      祭 WDS. 室 ⠪ 㪠 MAC-  祪 㯠,  ᬮ  -   砥   窨 㯠 ASUS.
 < 祭 ஢ ⮢> (Disable ability for Wireless CLIENTS to connect) ⠢ ⬥祭, ᪮  業਩ ன WDS ࠧ㬥 ७ ஢ ,   ᯮ짮 㭪樨 ⥫. ᫨ 䫠   ⠢,  Belkin   ᬮ ࠡ  ⢥ 窨 㯠,   ᬮ   ᥡ ஢ ⮢.  ⮣,  㤥 ࠡ ⮬  㣨 窠 㯠  ஢ .

஢ઠ ᮥ WDS
 ஢, ࠡ⠥  ᮥ WDS? ᫨  窨 㯠 祭  ,   Link ()  Activity (।)  襬    窠 㯠  ⨢ .  㣠,  ଠ쭮,    稨  ᮥ ( MAC- ᮮ⢥  IP-)  窠 㯠  ஢ Ethernet  WDS.
 ⮫쪮  ⪫  Ethernet  㤠񭭮 窨 㯠 ( 襬 ਬ ASUS WL300g),  ४.   ⠢ 窨 㯠,   ப (ᥠ MS-DOS)  ࠢ  ping  IP- 㤠񭭮 窨 㯠. ᫨ ᮥ WDS ࠡ⠥,     -⢥⮢   ping.  WDS ࠡ⠥!
  ⢮   ஢ ஬. ,   ᯨ᪥ 㯭 ⥩    祪 㯠, ஡       ।. ( ⭮,  祣 㦭  ࠧ SSID?)
᫨  ࠡ⠥,   몫 㤠  㯠  ⠭    . ⥬  ⠭, ,   㧨,   . ࠢ塞!  ⮫쪮  㢥稫 ࠤ ⢨ 襩 ஢ !
 ஢ ஢,   ஬ NETGEAR WG511T 11g CardBus  ࠧ ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡ ஢ ᨣ  ᨬ (  ⨫ WinXP Wireless Zero Config). ⥬ 砫  窠 㯠  ஢ .  ਢ ⮡ࠦ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ १ <୥>  㯠 Belkin;  - १ ASUS WL300g  Belkin.
  ⮬ ⮣,  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ᭨ ਬ୮   50%, । 祭  8 / १  窨 㯠  ࠢ    ࠧ , 祬  ⮣ ᮥ 802.11b.

 ࠢ
᫨  ࠢ  ping  砥 ॢ襭 ࢠ ,    १ ஥ ६. 祭,    ⨧஢ 筮  (   ) ᫥ 㧪  ⠭ ᮥ.
᫨ 裡 ,   ࠧ 㡥  ࠢ ன  祪 㯠.  ⭮, ஢,   祪 㯠 㪠 MAC- ⨢ 殢 ᮥ WDS.  㡥  ४⭮ 㪠 ᠬ ᮢ. ᯮ  ⮬,     㪮 <>  ,  㦭:  MAC- ᯮ ⮫쪮   㪢  A  F.
⥬ ஡ /몫 ⠭ 祪 㯠. 몫 , ⥬  ᮥ  LAN, ,   㤥 ⮢  ࠡ. ⥬    ,   ⠪ 㤥 ⮢  ࠡ.   ᭮ 믮  ping, ⮫쪮 㡥,  諮 筮 ६.
᫨ 祣,  㪠   ,   ᯮ 窨 㯠 ࠧ ந⥫, , ,  ⮫㫨  ᮢ⨬묨 த⠬.  ⮬ 砥 ⢥,   ,-  ᯮ짮 㣮  窨 㯠.
訥 蠭  ᯥ  䨣   祪 㯠  .

ਬ 2: ஢ ⥫   <宯>
뢠 樨,   㢥祭   㦭 ᤥ 楯  ⥫. ⪨ ⮣ ᯮᮡ 祢:  ᪮ 祭  ⠭権  㤠 ⥫   ⠡쭮 ᮥ - ⥫쭮 .
,  ᯮ짮 㤮 802.11g, ᨬ쭠 ᪮ ࠡ ⠭権,    ஬ ⥫, 㤥  㦥 ᪮ 㤮 11b.  設⢥ 砥 ⮣ 㤥 筮.
 ࠧࠧ 㤮   ⢥ 쥩 窨 㯠  ASUS WL330.   㯠 11b, ⮡  ਠ  ᮢ⭮ ᯮ짮 㤮 11g  11b  ० WDS. ஬ ⮣, ᭮ 㧭,  㤥 ࠡ WDS  ன⢠, ஥묨  ࠧ 稯.
 WL330 ᯮ 稯  祪 㯠 Marvell Libertas 802.11b,   襭 Broadcom,  襬 砥 ஡  . ,   ,    WDS 뫨 ᯮ짮  த  ASUS.
,  ᯮ짮 㤮 802.11g, ᨬ쭠 ᪮ ࠡ ⠭権,    ஬ ⥫, 㤥  㦥 ᪮ 㤮 11b.  設⢥ 砥 ⮣ 㤥 筮.
  ன⢠ ⮢ ASUS, ࠧ  ன WDS  WL300g  WL330   ࢮ 鸞.    ० <⮫쪮->,  330 ন ⮫쪮 ᬥ蠭 ० (Hybrid),   ० ⥫ WDS.  ࠧ,   㤠 ᯮ짮   ⢥ ⮫쪮 .
 㣮 ஭,  330  ࠧ 権 <  窠 㯠  ᯨ᪥ 㤠 ⮢?> (Connect to APs in Remote Bridge List?)  <  祭?> (Allow Anonymous?).    롮 ⨢ ० ᬥ蠭  (Hybris-Active)  ᯨ᮪ MAC-ᮢ WDS,   롮 ᨢ ० (Hybrid-Passive) ᯨ᮪ .    㦭 뫮  MAC- 窨 㯠, ࠭ ⨢ ०  㪠 MAC- WL300g.
। 祭 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⠢ 1,8 /  , 񭭮  ᫥  WDS 楯窥 WL330 ( 䨪). ,   ,  , , ᫨ 㬠,   ⠪   .
 ⢥ ᫥  楯窨 WDS 뫮 ᯮ짮 ன⢮ 11b, ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ண,  襬 砥,  ⨣ 5-6 /. ⢥⢥,  뫮  2,5-3 /.
 ⮬ ⮣,   WL330  㯥  8 /,   १ 砥  ࠧ  ஢ 1,8 /.



 5.
  

   ᯮᮡ ன ᮥ 祪 㯠 WDS - ⮯ <> (Star),  ன  窠 㯠 ⠭      㤠 祪 㯠,       <୥> (񭭮  LAN) 窨 㯠.
 䨣 ।⥫쭥 楯窨, ᬮ७  ஬ ਬ,   ᮧ   墠    ஬ ஢    ⥫.   ᭮ ⮪  ⮬,  祭 㤠 祪 㯠  LAN   ࠡ <୥> 窨 㯠.  ᮧ 쭮 䨣樨 ⨯ <> ॡ  窨 㯠.
 ⠪ 䨣 ⠪    ⪠,     񦭠. ᫨   祪 㯠, ஬ #1, ⠭ ࠢ, ᮥ ⠫  ஢ ᥣ⮬ LAN  .  䨣  ᫥ ᯮ짮, ᫨   㢥७,   ᯮ㥬 窨 㯠 ন   ⮪ spanning tree. ᫨ ன⢠  ন spanning tree,  ᪮  १ ᭨ - ப⥫ ମ broadcast storms.
孮 WDS ।祭  襭 ᮢ⨬ ஢ ⮢  ⥫,    ᯥ稢  ⠪,  ⥫ .




 7.
 ஢    



 1.
 祬  ஡?

஢  ४,  ⮫쪮 ᫨ ࠡ!   襥 ᫮ 짮⥫ ⠪ ⥩   񧭮 ஡,   ᫥ ன ᢮ WLAN (஢ ), ঠ  ࠡᯮᮡ  ᮪ ந⥫쭮  ᫮,    ࠧ訬 祩.  ஡ ஥  ᡮ 㤮   ࠢ쭮 ன,    室 ⠫  ஡ ࠡ ⥩, 易  ⮬  ୮. ,  ᫥⢨,    ப ࠭ ஢ ⥢ 㤮.
  饭 ஡,     ᯮ     ஢ .  ⠪ ।⠢ ⮢ 襭    設⢠  ஡,   ᪠,  ࠭ ࠣ業 ६    ᪥ ஡.
⠪,  ।,  ஡ 맢 ᥤ ஢ ,   ࠢﬨ 㤮?  ⮣   ᫥騩 :
  ᬮ 㯭 ஢ ⥩ WinXP 뢠 稥 ஢ ⥩, ⫨  襩,  ⮬ ⠪ ⥩   ᪮쪮;
 ᮥ  窮 㯠 ਮ᪨ ࠧ뢠,  ᫨  室 冷  ;
 ந⥫쭮 襩 ஢  ﭭ ᭨      ६: 筮 ᫥   ஬;
  襣 ᥤ ⮦   ஡   ஢ ;
    饦⨨, ୮ ,   ᥤ  ,  ஬ ᯮ ⢮ ࠧ ᮢ,  ⠪ ஢஢ ப᭮ 㯠  ୥.
稭 ᭮ ஡,   ᪮쪨 ᭮ ᯮ ஢ ⥩, :
 讥 ᫮ 짮⥫  ६ ᯮ짮  ;
 ࠤ   ᥤ ஢ ⥩.
ࢠ ஡  १⮬ ࠭祭 񬪮 ,  筮 㬬୮ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ. 㣨 ᫮,  ⮬ 砥 ⢮ ⥬  ६ ᯮ짮   (   )   . <᮪ ⭮> - ନ ꥪ⨢,  ᫨  ᯮ  ୮   饦⨨,      뢠 .  ᫨  ᮧ  ⤥쭮 ⥤,  ﭨ  ᥤ ⭮⥫쭮  ( ⮬  ᪠ ⨫ 뢠 /SSID ᥤ᪨ ⥩),   砩 ⠪  ⭥   ⥣ਨ!
 ⠭ 802.11b ।⠢ ।  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  5 /.  ⮩ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ   筮  讣 ᫠ 짮⥫,  ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨  㦭  ⪮६ । , ਬ  砥 ᯮ짮 ⠪ ࢨᮢ,  web, email, ICQ   .  ᫨ ,  । ᪮ 뤥  ⠢ 1-2 /,  ६ ᪠稢 䠩, ।   web-७樨  ᪮쪨 ⮢   㧨  ஢ .
 室   ⠭ 802.11g  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ, 筮 , 㢥稢,     54 /,    ४   ஡   ன.  ஢ 뢠,   ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⠪ 㤮  ⠬ WinXP ⠢  25 /.  ᯮ짮 Win98 । ᪮   ᭨ ਬ୮  20 /,  ࠡ  ᮢ⭮ ०  ⠬ 802.11b, 묨   11g,  ᭨  ᪮  12 /.
 ஡   ⥣ ࠤ .  ࠤ樮묨 筨   ஢ ⥩ 﫨 ⮫쪮 ஢ ⥫䮭, ࠡ騥   2,4 ,  ஢ ,  ᫥ ६  ⮩ ⥣ਨ 㤮    ⭥  ᠬ ஢ 㤮, ஥   筨 .
  ।  室     ⠢騬:  ᨣ, 騬 ଠ,  㬮,   ᥬ ⠫. ⮬  ࠧࠡ⪥ ࠤ񬭨  稢 ᢮ ᨫ  㢥祭 ⢨⥫쭮   ᨣ  㬥襭 ⢨⥫쭮  .
  ,  㤮 802.11b/g 砥 ᨣ 筮 ஢, ࠡ⠥ 堭 ࠢ  Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), 騩  ஢ ⮪. 室 ⮤ ।饭  ⠪ ᯮ   ஢ Ethernet -    ६ ⮫쪮  ன⢮  । , ⮡  뫨 ᯥ譮 ⠢  .
  祭 ᨣ  㤠 ᯮ,  ᫨    ࠧ񭭮 ன⢠, ᨣ ।  . ஢ ⥢ 㤮 த뢠 ஬ ࠡ  ⮣, ⮡ ⫨ ᨣ  㬠,    த  ᯥ譮  ⨬ ࠢ.
᫨  ᯮ 㤮 ⠭⮢ 802.11b  802.11g, , ⭮, ,   , 뤥   㤮, ࠧ  11 .  ⥭  䠪,  ⮫쪮     ᯮ짮 ६.
 ,   ⮪ ᮤন   ࣨ ᨣ.    ⪨ ᨣ ࢮ  ண  뢠 ⥫쭮 ४묨,  祭 ⨢ ᪠  ⢥ 裡  . ⬥⨬,  ᠭ 䥪 ⭮    ᥤ ,   ⮫쪮  ࢮ  ஬.
 ᨣ     祧  ࠭栬 뤥    22 , ,  , <ᨬ>   ࠢ ४뢠.  ᥩ   ⭠:  ,  ᨣ ⮣ , 室  , 祬  30    魮  ⪠ ⮣  ( 1/1000).  設⢠  ⠪ 祭  筮  ⤥ ᨣ ࠭   㬠.
४뢠騥  -   ⢥ 筨   ஢ .   ,   孮,  , ⭮, ᯮ  襩 , ⮡ ᭨ ⢨ ᥤ ⥩,  ᠬ   ਭ   ।, 祬 .
 ࠧ,  ⮣ ⮡     襩 , 㦭  ஡  ⮫쪮  ஢묨 砬  ࠤ⥫䮭, ࠡ騬  ⮬  ,    㣨 ஢묨 ﬨ.



 2.
塞 

ᬮॢ,    ࠡ⠥,  ३  襭 ஡.  ⥩襬 砥 筮  ᬥ ,  ஬ ࠡ⠥ 窠 㯠.  ᮦ, ⨫ Windows XP Wireless Zero Configuration   㧭  ᥤ ⥩, ⮬   ᯮ짮 ᪨ ⨫⠬, 騬    ࠬ.
  筮 㤮 ⨫,      ஬ ASUS WL-100g CardBus.   ⮫쪮 ⮡ࠦ SSID   ᥤ 祪 㯠,  ⠪  MAC-  ஢ ᨣ,  쬠 㤮!
 ⮫쪮 ⠫ ⭮,   , 室      (1, 6  11),  ᯮ 訬 ᫮ ᥤ 祪 㯠,  ண ᠬ  ஢ ᨣ    㦥,- ᫨ 믮   ᫮,   !
 ᯮ㥬  筮 ,   ⮣ 㦭  ࠭ ஢ 窨 㯠  ⨧ (  ᤥ, ᥣ  㧭  㬥樨    ⨧).
⭮,      ࠬ,     祣 㦭  SSID,  ᬮਬ  . ᫥ 㪠  ࠬ஢,   ਬ  ࠭  ( <Apply>  <Save>,  ᨬ  த), ⮡  砫 ᯮ짮.
,  ᪨ ⨫  㧭 ⢮ 祪 㯠  ।   ,    ।  㦥 - ⢮   窥 㯠 ஢ ⮢.  ⮣ ४᭮  쬠 㤮 㬥 - AirMagnet.
   ਠ⮢ ᬮ 㯭 ஢ ⥢ 㤮 ।⢠ AirMagnet.  ⠪ ॢ ⨯ ⮡ࠦ 뢠 窨 㯠 (窨   襪)      (窨   㪮).  ,  襬 ਬ ⢮ 祪 㯠    ⮢,  ⮡ 㧭 ᯮ㥬  , 筮  ᤥ  饫窮  ( ⨫ᮬ -  ).
 ᮦ, AirMagnet  㣨 ।⢠  ஢ ⥩  楫   짮⥫, ⮬  ⮨  ᮮ⢥ -  $3000  . ᫨  㦨  Linux,   ஡ Kismet,   ⮬ 砥 ਤ ᠬ⥫쭮  窨 㯠   ஢ ᨣ, ⮡ ।   㦭 ᯮ짮.
ਬ砭:   ⠩     .  , ࠡ饩  ० Infrastructure (ᯮ饩  㯠  ⨧), 㪠뢠  業ࠫ쭮 ன⢥,    .

  ⥩  ⠪   ⠫
। ᯮ㥬    設⢮ ஡, 易   ᯮ ᥤ ஢ ⥩. , ᫨    ( 祣  稫),   ⪮ <ਢ易>   .
⪨  ᮧ ஢ 祭 ⮫쪮, ᪮쪮  , ਢ    ࠭⥩  ࠡ . ਬ, ⨫ WinXP Wireless Zero Configuration  ᢮ ,  襩 ,  ﭭ. ᫨  ࠧ  ᯥ譮 稫  ஢   ।  (SSID),  ⮬᪨ ।   <।⠥ >  砥   直 ࠧ,  㦨  ᨣ.
 㤮 㭪 ⠭ ஡  ⮬ 砥, ᫨  ६頥   ⢨ ࠧ 祪 㯠   ,  ਭ ࠧ !  ⠥,  窨 㯠    (SSID) ਭ    ( ᠬ , ஢   ᪮쪨 窠 㯠 ⠪  ࠨ).    ।, ਭ  㣠 窠 㯠  ⠪  SSID  ⮩ ,    ࠡ⠫ ०,  , ⮬   ,   㤥    ⮩ ,  ன 㤥 ᨫ쭥 ᨣ,-   ਭ 㣮 .
筮,  ⮬ 砥, ᫨  㣮  ᯮ ஢ WEP/WPA  ࠭祭 㯠  MAC-ᠬ,  祭  ⠭.  ⮬ 砥  㢨,  祭 ࠧࢠ, ⥬ () ⠭  襩  (, ,  ਤ ᠬ⥫쭮 ஢   ⥩  ⠭ 祭).     ,   砫 室  㬠,  ᠬ      ᢮ ࠡ,  ন 襥 ᮥ.
㡫  ஡  ,  ᬮ 㯭 ⥩ ।⢠ ⠭⭮ ⨫ XP Zero Config  뢠 ࠧ 窨 㯠    ⥬   (SSID). ⮬,  ⮣ ⮡ 㧭,   窮 㯠  ࠡ⠥   , ⠭ ।⢠   - 㦭 ᯮ짮 ⨫,  ⠢    ᪨ ࠬ.
 ⢥ ਬ, ⨬  ⨫   ASUS WL100g.  來 ,   ⨫ ⮡ࠦ  㦥 窨 㯠   ⮬ 砥, ᫨  ᯮ  SSID.
 ᮦ,  ⨫     ⮩ 窥 㯠,  ன  .  ᯥਬ ,  祭 ⠭  ⮩ 窮 㯠, ᨣ  ன  ᨫ (  ᪠ 祪 㯠).  ᮦ,  設⢥ 砥 ࠢ 祭 ⪮ யᠭ  ࠩ     짮⥫ 롨  ᠬ⥫쭮.



 3.
 ⠢     㯠

 ,   ᯮᮡ,   㤥ন 祭 ஢ ⮢  ⮩ 窥 㯠,  ன 㦭.  - ᬥ SSID   㣮, ⫨  ᯮ㥬 ᥤ ﬨ. ⮨ ⠭ 롮  ਣ쭮 , ஥   ᮮ⭮    ᯮ.    ᯮ짮 㪢,   ᨬ ન - ᯮ짮 ஡ ⨬.
ன ᯮᮡ - ᫨  ᯮ WinXP - 砥  ⪥ ᯨ᪠ ।⠥ ⥩ (Preferred Network). ,  祭  㣨  饭. 箪   㢨   ⥢ 祭 (Network Connections) (Start - Settings - Network Connections).
 孥   ⮡ࠦ 㯭    ,  㦥   ,      ᯨ᮪ ।⠥ ⥩. 㦭 㤠    , ஬ 襩. ⥬,   ⥫쭮 (Advanced),  襬 , ᫥  䫠  㭪 ⮬᪨ : (Automatically connect to non-preferred networks).

 १   㤥     Ad Hoc (     ᥤ) -    ,   㤥 ⮬᪨  ᮥ  묨 ஢묨 ﬨ, 騬   ⢨.
, ᫨ ஢  ६⨫   ⢨ 㣨 ⥩,   饭 ᭮ 室  ᯨ᮪ ।⠥ ⥩.
᫨   ᯮ WinXP,  ਬ  ⨫ ,   ஢ 稥  㭪 ,  , ᤥ   ᠬ.  ⨫ ᯮ 䨫 祭,   ࠭ ன 祭  ࠧ ஢ ,-  ⮬ 䨫 롨 ⮫쪮 .  ⮬ 砥   㦭  ᯨ᮪ ।⠥ ⥩, , , ॡ 㤠 㦭 䨫, ᫨  ⮬᪨ ᮧ  㦥  ⥩.



 4.
 ᪠

᫨  ᢮   㤠,  ஡ த   ᥡ  ᫥ ஢ 樠権 ⮢  㦨 窠 㯠,   㬠  ⮬,     ࠤ. 砫  ࠧ   ஡,  㦥 ⥬  ॠ뢠 - 襭.  ⮬  㦭  ஢ ᨣ  ࠬ ᥤ ⥩.
 , ਤ ஢ <ࠧ > ( ᪮  楤 뢠 site survey).  ᠬ ,   ।⠢ ᮡ ண㫪  ᫥㥬 ਨ   ன⢮, 騬   뢠 ஢ ᨣ.  ⮣  ᯮ짮, ਬ,   ஢ ⥢ ஬, ᫨  ᪮ ਫ ᯮᮡ ⮡ࠦ  㯭 窨 㯠, ᯮ㥬    ஢ ᨣ.  ⮬ ᮫⭮  ,     ஢ ᨣ: 業, dBm  - 㣨.   ᮡ ,   : ஢ ᨣ,  ⢮,   ,  㣮.   ᫥    塞 ࠪ⨪.    , ᪮쪮  ॠ ⨫  ந襤訥 ,- ⢥, 訬 ਠ⮬  ⮡ࠦ 祭  ॠ쭮 ६,   , ᫨ ந 䨪 ஢ ᨣ.
᫨ ᯮ㥬 ᪠ ⨫   - 㭪権,    襭, ᯮᮡ    ⮩ 樨, ,  ᮦ,  , ⭮, ॡ ਮ⥭  .  ᠬ ,   ⠪ 譮 - ⮨   ⠭ 802.11b 㦥 ᭨, ਬ୮,  $50. ࢮ 襭 - NetStumbler - ।⠢ ᮡ ४ 㬥  ᬮ ᥤ ஢ ⥩.   ᮧ 䨪 ஢ ᨣ  㬠.  ᨨ   Windows, ⠪   PocketPC.  ࠡ  ॡ    稯 Lucent (Agere Systems) Hermes - ਬ, ORiNOCO 802.11b.  ᯨ᮪ ন ஢ ਢ  㬥樨  NetStumbler.
 ᯮ짮  ᪮ ⨫⮩.  ਬ, 襭, ⠢饥  ࠬ ASUS WL-100  WL-100g,  ᥡ 筮 .
 ⮫쪮 㬥  ७     㪠, 㦭 ᯮ짮   ஡ ⮯. ᪮  ஡, 易  묨 SSID, 㦥 뫨 襭 ( ⠪ ?),  㯨  ।   ஢ ᨣ ᥤ 祪 㯠. 襥 ⢮ ஡ 筮 ⠢  窨 㯠,  ᯮ   ,  ஢ ᨣ    ࠢ ஢ 襩 窨 㯠.
 ⮫쪮  㧭 㦥,  ஬ 室 ࠡ 窥 㯠,  室   樨. 室饥 襭 ⮩ ஡ - 襭 ந⥫쭮 ஢ ,   ⠪:   㬥 ﭨ ᥤ WLAN,    ᨫ ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ᨣ, ᮧ, ⥬ ᠬ, ஡ - .  設⢥ 砥  让  ࠭, ࠧ㬭 ᯮ짮 ࠢ ⥭   ६饭 窨 㯠  㣮 .
,  㢥 ࠪ⨪ ।    ⮬ 砥, ᫨  祭 譨 ⥭ .

室  802.11a
 ⮨ 㬠  室  㤮, ᯮ饥 㣮  . ᫨  ᨫ   㤮 802.11b/g    ਢ  ᯥ, , , ⮨ 㬠  ਮ⥭ 㤮 802.11a? ४ ࠭񭭮 , ᥣ譨 த 802.11a  ᮯ⠢   ᮪ ᪮ ࠡ  ࠢ  襭ﬨ 802.11b  g.
 ᨫ ⮣,   ࠡ   㦥 ()  5 ,  ஡, 易  ᥤ ﬨ 11b  g,  祧.
᫨    ⨬ ,   ⮨  - 㤮 (⮫쪮-11).  ⠪  ஥  稯 ࢮ    訩 ࠤ ⢨.
 ⮩ 稭 ⮨ ਮ ⮫쪮 夨 ० (11a / 11b)  夨 ० (11a/b/g) 襭.  த 11a ᥣ ᭨  業, ⠪       ਠ.

樠쭠 
 ᮦ,   ஡    .  ஡    筮 ⢨ 짮⥫, ᮧ ஢ . , ᫨  ⭮⥫쭮 让 頤 ᪮業஢ ᪮쪮 ஢ ⥩,   䥪⨢ 㤥 ᯮ짮 ᠭ  񬮢 ᮮ.
,  㤥 㤨 ⥬,   ⮩   㤭     襭 饩 ஡,- ᮡ ᫨   ਤ ᨫ쭮 㦤 ᥡ.   짮⥫ﬨ ᥤ ⥩: ⭥ ᥣ, ᫨  ஡   襩 ,      㣨.
 ⮫쪮 㤠 ᮡ  ᮢ ஭ , ⠫ ࠧࠡ  ਭ 奬 । . ᫨   ᥣ  窨 㯠,   ,   襭. ᫨ 祪 㯠 ,  ਤ ਫ ᨫ  ᮧ ਥ 奬 ।   窠 㯠.
 ⮣ 室 ᮢ 奬 ᯮ 祪 㯠  ᨬ쭮  筮.  稨 奬 ।  㤥 ࠧ . 窨 㯠, ᯮ騥  ,   ᯮ ⠪, ⮡   ﭨ 뫮 .    ࠪ⨪  砥,  㦭 ᯮ짮    ᨬ쭮 㤠   㣠 窠 㯠.     ﭨ  ࠥ 饩 ஫. ਬ,  ࠧ饭 祪 㯠  , ᫥ 뢠 ⥭ , ࠭  稥 ॣࠤ, ᫠騥 ᨣ.  ⠦  ᫥ 뢠  ७ - ࠤ ࠭   ࠢ.
  㦥 ।, 室   窨 㯠 㪠 㭨쭮  SSID.   窨 ७ ।    ਭ  WLAN, 짮⥫ 㦭 ࠧ   窨 ७ ࠡ.  SSID 㦭  ⮣, ⮡ ஢   ४砫     ,    㦭.
஬ ⮣, ᫨ ᥤ    ⠪ ﬨ,  ஢ WEP/WPA, 䨫 MAC-ᮢ  㣨 㭪ﬨ ᭮ ஢ ⥩,     ந. ஡ ᭨ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  ᯮ짮 ஢ WEP  ᥣ譥 㤮 襭, ⮬ ᫨   , ⮡  騩  ᢮ <>  襩 ,   ⥫쭮 ४㥬 ᯮ짮  .

   ஡
   ஡  ஢  짮⥫ 뢠 ࠪ᪨ ,  ⮫쪮  ਤ㬠.  ⠪ <襭>  ⮫쪮  ,  ᯮᮡ  ।  ⮫쪮 ᮡ⢥,   ᥤ . ᬮਬ  ન ਬ.

祭 WEP/ᯮ짮 ⥭䨪樨
筮, ⮤ ஢, ⠪  WEP  WPA,  ⠪ ᯮ짮 ⮤ ⥭䨪樨 802.1x,  ࠧ   襩  ᥬ 騬.     ᪮쪮 㣮.  ⪨ 祭, ᮡ ᫨ ⢮ <㦨> 設 ,  ⢥ ᭨ ᪮ ࠡ ᥩ ,   ⭮    802.11b.
 㣮 ஭, ஢,  ᠬ , 祣    ࠤᨣ, ᪮  ஢   । .
 ४㥬 ᯮ짮 ஢ WPA ( WEP, ᫨ WPA  㯭) ⮫쪮  ᨫ ᭮ -    蠥 ஡ 讣 ⢠ ६ ࠡ ன  让 ਨ.

⪫祭 ப頭 SSID
 ⪫祭 ப頭 SSID 襩   蠥 ⪠  ⮢   㣨 , 㦨   ⠢  । ᢮ ⥩.     蠥 ᬥSSID, ⠭  㬮砭,- ᫨ ᥤ᪨  ᯥ     ࠭   ᯨ᪥ ।⠥ ⥩,   㤥 த ᪠   ⠭ 祭.

롮 ० ⮫쪮-11g
⥫ ஢ 㤮 ⠭ 802.11g      ࠬ,  ࠧ  ࠧ த.   ⠭ 11g  ⪫ 堭 <> 802.11b,  ⢥砥  ⢨  ⮢ 11b  묨 窠 㯠 11g. ⪫祭 ⮣ 堭 宦  祭 WEP  WPA,  ࠤᨣ ( ) 㤠  祧.  ⪫祭 堭   ᮧ   ஡  , 祬 祭 WEP  WPA.
, ய᪭ ᯮᮡ   ⢠ 䠪஢,  ⪫祭 堭  ⪫砥 ⠪ ⢨  㤮 11b  11g.  ⮬    ⠥ ⭮ ⮣,   ਤ । ,  ᭨ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ .

ᨫ ᨣ
  ਫ  襭 ந⥫쭮 ஢ , ᨫ ᨣ 蠥,  襬 砥,  ஡,     < > । 窮 㯠 . ਡ    ᫥ ⮫쪮  ࠩ 砥,  祣 㣮 㦥  .

ᯮ짮 Super-G
Super-G ᯮ 筮 ⨢稢 孮 ꥤ ,  ,  拉 砥,  稭 ஡  ᥤ . ⭥ ᯮ짮 Super-G  ⮩  ⥣ਨ,   ᨫ ᨣ,-     ,   稭 ⥫ ஡  ⮣, ⮡  騥.
⮪ 802.11, 騩 ᭮ ᯮ㥬 ᥣ ஢ ⥩,  ࠡ    ⪠, ᫨   ⠭権 ६.   㦭  ࠡ ᮢ⭮,    ஢   㣮.
  砥, ⮡  ᯥ譮 ࠡ ᪮쪨 ஢ ⥩, ᯮ    㣠,  ᫥  ᯥਬ஢.



 5.
롨ࠥ   Wi-Fi

 ࠧ祭 㧨⮢ 堩⥪ -  ஢ ⥩   㯮 (⠪ 뢠 -ᯮ⮢).  ⮣  㣠    - war-chalking  war-driving. ᫥ ࠧ㬥 ⠭  ⮬  㪮, ᭠ 㤮 Wi-Fi  ᪠ ,   祭  쥩- 쭮 ,    室 १   ୥. ନ War-chalking ⥯, ⠫ , ࠪਧ 訥 ண㫪.  ண㫨  ᢮ ,  ᪠ WLAN-⥩ ࠧ 㤮 짮 ଠ ஬.
 㤥 㤮   㣮 砥 -  饭 ,  ࣠ ஢   .   Cnews-WiFi,  ࠭⢥  㭪樮   ⥭ -ᯮ⮢.  ⭨   ᯮ  ᪢, 70  譨 -  -ࣥ, ⠫   㯭 த 襣 . ਬ⥫쭮,  ⥫쭠  -ᯮ⮢,  ࠢ,  । 饯, ।⠢ ᯫ   .   ⠫ ⥫ ᯮᮡ ਢ祭 ⥫    ࠭.  ⠪ -  , ࠭  .  ᭮ ਬ - ଠ      㤮 㪠.
⠪,  ।⮨  ,   祭 ண 㤥 室  ஢ . ᬮਬ ⮫쪮  ,  㦥  ஥ WLAN-,  ᯨ᮪ ⮢  ᫨誮 . ,   ஦񭭮 ᯮᮡ  Wi-Fi ࠧ 㤮  饭,   ᫮ ७  㤥 .  ⮬ , , ஥஢  楫  ᯮ짮  ஢ , 㤥   񦥭, 祬 離  設    ஭ ந⥫.  ᪫稬    ஦ 600 ஢ -  孥 業  ᮬ⥫    뢠,   ਨ 롮 ⠬, ᪮॥, ᪨.    ⮨  ?
饥 設⢮  ᭠頥 ﬨ Wi-Fi ⠭ 802.11b.  ᯥ稢 ᪮ 裡  11 / (  室  )  쭮  ﭨ  100 ஢. ࠬ  ,  ࠪ⨪ war-chalking,  室騥.    . 室  ,  㤥 ࢠ   ᭠  ਤ  ⮫쪮  . ⮬   ᭮ ਥ   ६ ⮭ ࠡ ଠ .    ⢮ 䠪஢ -  , ⨯   , મ ᢥ⪨ ࠭  稥 㣨 ꥤ ࣨ ⮢.  ன⢠ ஢ 裡 -   ᠬ   ࣨ.
ன  ਩ - ᯮᮡ   ࠡ  ୥.  ࠧ 砥  ࠧ,  ஬ - Unicode.   ଥ Pocket PC  Windows Mobile 룫  ⮩ 窨 ७  ।⥫묨, ⠪  প Unicode ஥    設.  ᫨  ⮢ ௥ 㤮⢠   ᪫⥫쭮   ᠩ⠬,   ⠢  ⪠뢠   Palm. ᮡ ᫨  ᥬ 楬   㦨騥 㢠 .
稥 ⭮   룫廊 騬 䠪஬.   -䨭  ਤ 짮 ⨫   뫮.   饭  ICQ ᣮ  㠫쭠 .     - 㫨஢ ᫨ ᭮  ⪮. ⢮ 䨭    ࠧ襭 ࠭ -    ,  让 ࠭ 砥 訥 ॡ  ࣨ.  २⢠ ᮪ ࠧ襭  㪮祭 ६ ࠡ.
। ଠ ஢   Windows Mobile  뤥 ᫥騥 WLAN-ன⢠:

HP iPAQ hx2415
 HP iPAQ hx2415 ⨯祭  ᬠਢ ⥣ਨ.  ଠ  樮   । ஢.   ⮬  ஥    Intel  ⮩ 520 .     訬 -  64    ,  ন  ᫮ ७ - CompactFlash  SD/ MMC.  ᭠ ᥬ 묨 䥩ᠬ - Bluetooth, WiFi, IrDA, USB.  ᯮ짮  -⥫,  祣 㯭 20  .  ࣮ᯥ祭 ⢮୮     ( 㬮砭 - 1440 ).  ਪ㯨 ⥫, 񬪮 2880 .

iPAQ rx3715
 ।⠢   ⮩  HP - <⨬> iPAQ rx3715. ⨬ ࠦ  稨 ⮪  楩  1,2 ᥫ  ᨫ -. ᫥   ⠭樮 ࠢ ࠧ⥫쭮 孨. ᨬ쭮 ࠧ襭  - 1280 x 960 祪,    ஫.  ⮣ 諮 ࠭  ᫮⮬   ७ - SD/MMC/SDIO.    WLAN-⥩ 뢠 ⠪ ,  ਬ,  ⥢ ९⠦. <>      㡭   ⨢ 몫뢠   -஫  ୥. ᫨     . ந⥫ ,  । ६ ࠡ   浪 -  ᥬ ᮢ.  宦,   ६ ࠡ  ० ய ⥭  ᢥ⪨.  ஬ Wi-Fi  ᨫ -    Bluetooth   USB.  㤥 뢠  ⮪.   宧⢮ ন ᬥ   1440 . , ᪠뢠 ᮪   - 400 .

Fujitsu-Siemens Pocket LOOX 710
룮 㯪    -ᯮ   - Fujitsu-Siemens Pocket LOOX 710.   ᠬ   (Intel XScale  ⮩ 416 )     (64/64  /), <ᥬ >   ஬  1640   12 ᠬ ࠡ.    ⮬,     Bluetooth-  USB-, ⥫쭮 騩  ன⢠. 㣨  ,    㦭 -   㦥 ⨣ 180 ࠬ.

Dell Axim X50v
  ⮨,  ࠧ   룫廊 Dell Axim X50v.   ᭮ - ᠬ ᪮⭮    - Intel Bulverde 624  ⮩ . ࠭  VGA -ࠧ襭 (480 x 640 祪), ࠢ ᥫ஬ Intel 2700G  16  ᮡ⢥ .   ஥   䥩, ࠧ -᪠ ⠢ 92 .    諮 <譨 ᮬ> - 175 . , , 殮  訫,  ⮬  ࠭祭 񬪮  1100 .   VGA-࠭  ॡ 襣.  ,   .

Tungsten C
⢥ ਡ  প WiFi  PalmOne - Tungsten C  ⭮ ன.  ࠤ樮 ,   ਢ筮 ᮪  Palm  XScale 400 .  Bluetoooth  ᫮ CompactFlash . 𬪮 ᬥ  ᯮ 筮  Palm 񬪮 - 1500 .    쬨 ᮢ ࠡ   浪.  , 襥, 祬  Pocket PC ࠧ襭 ࠭ - 320  320 ᥫ.

Sony Clie PEG-UX50
 Palm-୨ த ࠭ଥ Sony Clie PEG-UX50.     ஥ ⮠⮬  訬 ࠭ (480 x 320 祪)  ࠢ ᪮ ᥫ.  㬥  ᭨  VGA-ࠧ襭  뢠   (MPEG4, 30 fps, 160x112 ᥫ).  ஫ Bluetooth. ⠫ ࠬ   뢠.    ,   ᭨  쬨   楫 த ࠡ. 頥,  ஭   ࠡ⠥ , ஬ - 16 ᮢ,  ஢   ন  祭 4-5 ᮢ.

Clie PEG-TJ37
 ண  WLAN- Sony -  Clie PEG-TJ37.     ﯮ᪨  㫨 VGA-  mp3-.  ⮬ ५ 稢. 짮⥫ 㯭 ᥣ 23  , Bluetooth-  ॠ,  ᯥ稢  ᥤ  ᮢ ࠡ.

RoverPC P7
, ﭥ   ᨩ᪮ ந⥫. RoverPC P7 룫廊   ஢ ।   㡥 . 䨣 ⨯筠, ⬥    䥩ᮢ (Bluetooth, IrDA, USB).  -  32 ,  ᫮  ७.



 6.
᭠頥 :
஢  SanDisk SD Wi-Fi  ଠ Secure Digital

 SanDisk SD WiFi  ᢮ 孮᪨ ᮢ襭⢮ - 㭪樮 ᪨  802.11b  ࠧ ᥣ   ⮢ ન.  譨  -   . ᬮਬ, ⠪  ⫨ ந⥫쭮 ,   ࠧ.

७ ஥
 SD Wi-Fi  ६ન஢ ⠫  SyChip WLAN SD6060,  ७  .  , ।   த ୮ ᫨.
⮡ ᯮ짮  쪮 㤮,     PocketPC 2002, 2003  CE.net.
 ᮤন  , ࠪ  ஢ ஢ PC Card  CF,  ஥   稯  ࠤ BB/MAC.
     ᢮ 孮,  ,    樨஢  ,   뢭 ᫥ 樠樨.

ࠢ  ன
SanDisk ⠢  ⮩   ⨫,  ஥  Pocket PC 2003 㫥 䨣 ⪫砥 㭪 ᬮ 㯭 祪 㯠   / ᢮⢠ 祭.
᪨ 㧥 祪 㯠 SanDisk  , 祬 ਠ  Microsoft, ᪮  ⮡ࠦ  WEP, ४㥬 ᪮ 祭,   MAC- 窨 㯠.
⮡    ६  ᪠ ᯮᮡ ன ⮣ 쪮 <>  Pocket PC 2003, ,  設⢮ ஥ 뭥ᥭ  ⨫ Zero Config,   맢  ⨥  箪 Connectivity  孥  ࠭ Today. ⥬ ३   ன (Settings), 롥  ७ (Advanced), ⥬    ⥢  (Network Card). ன WEP 뢮 ᫥ 롮 㦭 窠 ஢   室   ⥭䨪 (Authentication).

ந⥫쭮
ࢠ   - ஡  ⪥ 樨஢ SD Wi-Fi   窠 㯠 802.11g   Broadcom (ASUS WL-300g  Belkin F5D7130).    ,    ᬮ.
, ஡  砥  ࠩ , ᪮  802.11b 뫠 ⨢஢  窠 㯠,   ४稫     ०  ⮫쪮 - 802.11b ᪮⥩ ।.     ஡  祭   窥 㯠 NETGEAR ME102 802.11b.
 ᠬ   砥  ⮬,  㣨 ॢ⥫  짮⥫ -  㦠᭮ <ମ>.
  砥  ⮬,  ந⥫쭮  ⥫쭮   ﭨ,  ࠤ ⢨ ࠢ  㣨 ⠬ 802.11b, ஢묨 . ⭠ ⥭  ࠭稢 ࠤ ⢨  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ,  ⥮⨧஢  ⮢.
,  祭 WEP  ந室 ⭮  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ.   㣨 த⠬ 802.11b,  SD Wi-Fi  ন ஢ Wi-Fi Protected .
 SanDisk SD Wi-Fi  ਧ ⨦ 孨᪮ ᫨.
 砥ࠩ  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  த饥 ⢨ 頭 ࠩ஢  Palm OS.  饬,      SD Wi-Fi ,  .    ४ ਮ   ஥묨 ஢묨 ⠬,  㯠  CF.



 7.
> Wi-Fi


஢ 
஢  ।祭  ࠡ  ⢥ ୥ 㧫 ࠤ, ࠭  㤠񭭮 㧫  ন ⨯ ⮢ 㭪樨.  ࠧ ਠ 㤮, ᭮  প ⠭⮢ IEEE 802.11a/b/g (Cisco Systems, Inc., Zyxel), , ஬ ⮣,  ᯥ宬 ਬ ன⢠, ᯮ騥 ଥ ⠭ (Proxim Corp.).    ன, ஬ ⮢ 㭪権, ন 㭪樨 祪 㯠  ॠ樥 孮 Wi-Fi.  , 믮  㫨筮 ᥯ ਠ  ஥묨 ⥭.

஢ 窨 㯠
஢ 窨 㯠 ।祭  ண ࠧ뢠  ࣠樨  묨 ⠬ ஢  ⥩  প 㭪権 Wi-Fi  , ⨭, , ய  / , ..  室  ᮧ 㧫 <hotspot>. 窨 㯠 Wi-Fi ᯥ稢  ࠧ ⠭⮢ IEEE 802.11a/b/g    ᮪䥪⨢ ᮥ  ᪮  54 M/.    2.4  5 .   ன⢠   夨 ⠭⮢    ஥  ࠤ⥩.  ࠧ  ॠ 㤮   ᯮ짮  ஥, ⠪  譨 ⥭.

᪨ ஢ 
஢ ᪨  ᯥ稢 প ⠭⮢ IEEE 802.11a/b/g.  ਠ ஢,  ࠡ  প ,    ⠭⮢ ६. ஢  ⠭⮢ IEEE 802.11a/b/g -  Wi-Fi ᮢ⨬ ன⢠, 饥  ஢ ⥩  ࠡ⮩, ᭮  ࠢ塞, 室묨  ࠧ  ᪮ ⥫쭮.
PCI- ᯥ稢 ஢ 祭   樮 ஢  PCI-䥩ᠬ.  設⢥ 砥,   騢   ⠭ 室 ⥭  襣  ࠤᨣ.
᪨ PCMCIA- ᯥ稢 ஢ 祭    ஢  ᫮⮬ ७ PCMCIA.
USB-     ஢   ⮫     USB-䥩ᮬ.

  ஢ ⥢ 
-     ஥ 䥩  ஢ ⥩,     䥩 த २⢥    ( ) ன.  ࠧ뢠 ௮⨢ ஢   ᥣ  ᭠ ஢묨 ⥢묨 ࠬ,   ண,   宦 業  ७ ࠧ.  ᠬ묨 ࠭묨  ஢ ⥢  ⠭ 802.11b (Wi-Fi),    ன⢠ ⠭⮢ 802.11a  802.11g  ⠭  .
  (ᮡ ,  ਥ஢  뭮 㤮  㠫 ॡ⥫   ᮢ) 㯠 ⠢塞  த  -ந⥫.  ᪠ ன⢠ (ணࠬ- ),   ( )  ⨯  ⠢騪. ᫥ । ᭠ 㯫   ᮢ襭⢮묨 ࠩࠬ  ⨫⠬ (⠫樮묨  ᪨) ᮡ⢥ ࠧࠡ⪨.

 稭   奬
 奬  ஢ ⥢ ஢ ந ᥣ ᪮쪮 .   ⮨  ᮪᪮⭮ ࠤ, ᯥ稢饣   । ᨣ,  , ⢥饣  ⥢ 㭪樨,  ନ஢ ஢  ॠ ⬠ 㯠  । ।  MAC-஢.
 E-ந⥫ ஢ 㤮,  ࠢ, ᯮ짮  ᢮ ଠ 奬 ࠧ ,  ᥩ    ਥ  ⥣஢  奬.  Atheros Communications, Broadcom, Intersil  㣨 ந⥫ ஢ ⮢  ஢ ⥬   ᮡ,  ਢ  ७ 㭪樮쭮 ⮢   㤥襢. ந⥫ ஢ 奬 ࠧࠡ뢠  ⭮-ணࠬ 襭  த  -ந⥫ 㤮.
 窨 ७ ࠧ 孨 ந⥫ ஢ 奬  -ந⥫ ஢ 㤮  ࠧ   ஫, 祬 ⠢騪 ⮣ 㤮.   ⮬,   ᭮ 㭪樨 ,  ࠢ, ॠ -.    㭪樮쭮   ,  ⮣  猪 㤥 ࠡ . , ਬ,  񪮬 諮    ⠭ 802.11 㭪 WEP-஢ 뫠 ॠ ணࠬ   祭  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⠪  ⥫쭮 㬥蠫. ஬ ⮣, ࠤ孨᪨ ࠪ⨪ ,  ⮬ ᫥ ⢨⥫쭮 ࠤ񬭮 ࠪ,  ᭮ । ࠬࠬ ⭮ ᯥ祭.
 ந⥫ 奬 ⢥ত,   ࠢ  த樥 ७⮢   ᯥ稢  쭮 裡  ॡ  ࣨ,    ࠧ 뭪 ன⢠  ஢   ᢮ 孨᪨ ࠪ⨪ ⠭   宦   㣠. ⮡ 뤥 ᢮ த  䮭 㤮 ७⮢, ந⥫ । ॠ   ଥ 㭪樨. ,   ன⢠ ⠭ 802.11a ॠ ࡮०, ᯥ稢騩 㤢 ᪮ ।   ꥤ  ࠤ.
 ⥭樥  ⥢ ਨ  ந⢮ ⠭ ஢ ⥢ ஢.  த ⮩ ⥣ਨ ন ⠭ 802.11a  802.11b. 訥   ᮢ⨬  ⠭⠬ 802.11a, 802.11b  802.11g. -⠭ ன⢠ ࠪਧ 襩  ਬ,    짮⥫ 室    ᮪ 業. ,  㯭 ୥- ।  (⠭ 802.11b)  Orinoco Gold  Proxim  60 .,  ⠭- (802.11a/b/g)  ⮩   - 㦥  99 .

-䥩
 ࠭   ஢   䠪 PC Card  II.  祭    ᭠饭  16-ࠧ來 -䥩ᮬ PCMCIA,   ࠢ  ன ୮ 設 ISA,  32-ࠧ來 -䥩ᮬ CardBus, 騬  設 PCI.  ଠ쭮 ࠡ 11-/  ⠭ 802.11b  筮 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 16-ࠧ來 䥩,   ⠭⮢ 802.11a  802.11b, ࠡ騥 ॥,   䥩 CardBus -  㪨 ᭠饭 .  ᫥ 㬠,  ᫨ 쭮 ᫨⥫쭮 ன⢮ ,   易⥫쭮 㤮 ᫮⮬ CardBus. ਬ,  ७ PC Card   ଠ ஢ HP iPaq ন ⮫쪮 16-ࠧ來  PCMCIA.
   饭 㪮 ᭠饭 ஥ 32-⮢ -䥩ᮬ mini-PCI. 筮 ᫮ mini-PCI 室  誮    㪠. 祭  ஢ ⥢  mini-PCI ।⠭ ந⥫ﬨ  ᢮ 設. ᫨  襬 㪥 ⠪  ,   㯨  ⠫஢  ᠬ.
樮  砥  ஢     ஢ ⥢ PCI-,  ஢ 䥩 USB.  ⠭ PCI- 㦭 । 모,   ⮨ ⬥,  ᫨ ⥬   ᯮ  ⮫,  ⠬  뢠  ⥭ ⮣  - ᮣ,  襥     窨 ७ ᯥ祭 񦭮 ࠤ裡. ஢ 䥩 USB ⠫஢ ࠧ 㤮,  ⮬    ࠧ ⠪, ⮡   蠫   । ࠤᨣ. 祬,  砥 ਬ ⮣ 䥩   ஥ ᭨ ᪮ ।   ࠢ  ⠪  PCI-.

 -  祭 
롨 ஢ ⥢ , 頩   ⮫쪮  ࠪ⨪  ⭮ ,    㭪樮쭮 ਫ  -   ᮮ⢥⢮ 訬 ॡ. ᫨   襩  ࠡ  ࠢ  Windows XP,  㦥 ⮫쪮 ᮮ⢥騩 ࠩ, ᪮  ⮩  㦥  ।⢠ ன ஢ 裡  ஫ 㯠.  㣨 ࣠  ॡ ࠩ  ࠧ    ᪨ ⨫.
᪨ ⨫, ⠢塞  ࠬ  ஢ ,   ᪮䨣஢  ࠬ  ࠡ.    ⨫  ࠢ 㭪ﬨ  , ॣ㫨஢ 砥 魮   ⢫ 㣨 ஥ 樨. ᫨   ᪮쪨 ஢묨  (ਬ, ᭮  譥),    쬠     ᪨ ⨫  ᮧ  ࠭  䨫 ன , 室  ࠡ   .   ᪨ ⨫  㭪樨 ᫥  ⠭  (site survey)  ᪠ ࠢ⥩  .

ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  쭮
쭠 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 襣 ஢ ⥢   ⠢ 50-60% ᢮ ⥮᪮ ᨬ쭮 祭. 묨 ᫮, 롨  ⠭ 802.11b,  ⠪,      ࠡ祩 ⠭樥 ਭ  ।   ᨬ쭮 ᪮  6 /. ᫨   㦭  ⠭ 802.11a  802.11g, 㯠   ,   筮 ⥩襩   ய᪭ ᯮᮡ   27 /.   ஢ ,  ᪨ ⠭樨   ᮡ    ࠤ, ᪮ ।   .
 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ, 祭  ࠪ⨪ 㤮  ஢   쭮 ⢨.  ᮦ, । , 㪮 ਢ묨  ᠭ ன 孨᪨ ࠪ⨪, 쭮 㤭. 쭮 ⢨ ஢ ன⢠   ஢ 室 魮  ।饣 ࠪ, ⢨⥫쭮 ࠤ񬭮 ࠪ, 樥 ᨫ ⥭  ᯮᮡ ࠡ  ᫮ 祢 ࠭ ࠤᨣ  ᨫ .
 ᮧ ஢      ᪫᪮ 饭 ᫥ ᯮ짮 㤮  让 쭮 ⢨. ⨢,  㯭 ,   襭 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  ᪮ ⠭樨 㦭  ࠧ  ஢ ,  쭮 ⢨ ஢ ன   ⪮, ᪮ ਢ     ᥤ .  ᠬ  த  㭪 ᪮ ॣ㫨஢ ஢ 室 魮.

뢠 
 饬 ࠧ⨥ ஢ ⥢ ஢ த, த  ᭨ 業  . ॥ ᥣ, ᨫ ⥭  ᮧ ⠭ ன,   ᪮஬ ६  뭪  , ন騥  ⮫쪮 ⠭  ஢ ,   ᯥ䨪樨  ਠ쭮 । ஢  GPRS  CDMA2000 1RTT  ᯥ稢騥 ஧ 㬨  .
祭    孮᪨    ᭨ ࣮ॡ ஢. 짮⥫ 㦭   䥩,    㤥 ᯮᮡ⢮ ப ਬ  ஢   ன (ਬ, ଠ    ⥫䮭)  ࠬ 让 񬪮.

Lantech Computer Company - ᯥ譮 ࠧ ⠩᪠ ଠ, । ப ᯥ ⥢ 㤮.  ࠧ  1986 ., ⤥  ࢮ 樠쭮 ਡ Novell  ,  ⠫ ஬ 뭪 ⥢ 㤮 ࠭.   뫠 ਭ ⥣  Lantech  । 稪 ᮪孮筮 㤮   業  ࣠ ணࠬ 祭  㤭 㣨   .
Lantech Computer Company ⭮ 뤥 । 㣨 ᪨ ந⥫, ० ᥣ, ப ᯥ஬ । 㤮 ,  ᮡ , ⢮ ᢮ த樨.
 । ࠧ筮 㤮   ⥢ ஢    ࠢ塞 ன  ᮪ ⭮ ⮢ Gigabit Ethernet.
 ⬥,  稥 <񫮣> 㤮  ᯥ । த⮢   ࠤ樮  ᪮   譨 ࠧ 뢠 訥  ࠧ Lantech Computer Company.
 㤮 室 ண ஢ ஫ ⢠,  १ 祣 ⨪ ⪠ ⥫쭮   業  饣 .
񦭮 㤮 ⢥ত -⨫⭥ ࠭⨥. 䨪 ISO-9001 Lantech Computer Company 稫  1996 .
ᮡ    㤥  ᫥  訬 ࠧࠡ⪠.
  14-⭨  ࠡ, Lantech Computer Company ⪮ ᫥ ⥭樨 뭪  । 㤮,  襩 ⥯ ⢥饥 ᮢ६ ॡ. ० ᥣ,  業   ୮ ࠧ 뭪 SOHO, 뭪 ⥩  ࠡ 㯯  ⠬⮢,  ⠪ ⥩ 䨫 㯭 .
 Lantech 祭 ⥫쭮 ⭮  ᢮ 稪    ᮪ ⢮ ᢮ த樨 ।  ࠧ  ଠ樮  孨᪮ প,  祬 80% ⮢  ⢫  㯪 㤮.

⥢  D-Link AirPlus DWL-650+
DWL-650  ।   ᪮ 11, 5.5, 2  1   ᥪ㭤  .  ।  ⠭     ࠭  Auto Select 1  2 , Fixed 1 , Fixed 11 , Fixed 2 Mbps, Fixed 5.5 Mbps  Fully Auto.  ᯥ稢 쭮  ஧ 㬨  窠 㯠  . 쭮 । ⠢  100 ஢    300 ஢  饭.
 ⠢  譥 񬭮 ᥭࠢ ⥭  ࠬ ࠡ ,  ய⠭, 裡  ⨢.
ன⢮ ᮢ⨬  Windows 98, ME, 2000,   NT 4.0.

⥢  D-Link DWL-120
D-Link DWL-650 - 11  ஢ PC Card Type-II , ᮢ⨬  ⠭⮬ IEEE 802.11b.
ன⢮ ।祭  ࠡ  譨    ,   2.4  ᯮ ⮤  אַ ᫥⥫쭮 ᨣ (DSSS),  ஬ । ᨣ ⢫ ࠧ  ᪮쪨 ,  ᯥ稢 ࠭஢ ⠢. ࠡ⠭  ᯮ짮  ᫮  殮 3.3  5.0 .
।⢮ ᯥ祭 ᭮  প 64/128 ஢  ⮪ WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy).
DWL-650  ࠡ   ० <ﭭ> (Infrastructure Network) ( ᯮ짮 窨 㯠), ⠪  <६>  (Ad Hoc) (  易  ᮡ).  ० <ﭭ>  DWL-650  ᯮ짮  ࣠樨 㯠   ப᭮   DSL/쭮   室  ୥.
D-Link DWL-120 -   ⠭ IEEE 802.11b  設 USB  ஢ ⥩  ᪮ ।  11 /.  ࠡ⠥   2.4   ।祭  譥  ᭮ ਬ. 窠 ᯮ 40-bit WEP ஢ (c  쭥襣 ३  128-⭮)  ᭮ 祭  .
 DWL-120  ࠡ   ०: 窠 -  - 窥 (  뢠  ᮡ  ᯮ  ⮬  ⥫ ன)  ०  ( 㯠   ᯮ 窠 㯠).  ०   짮⥫  १  㯠   ୥  㣨 ⥢ ᠬ.
 DWL-120  ।  ਭ   ᪮ 11, 5.5, 2  1 /  .  ࠡ   ࠭    ⮬᪮ ०. ਬ  , 짮⥫ ⠭ -饬 .   ६  窠 㯠  祩  祩.      窨 㯠 ⠢  100  300 ஢.
 DWL-120 ⠢  譥 ⭮ ⥭  ᭠  ᢥ⮤ ஬, 騬 ଠ  稨 ⠭  ᮥ.   ⠢ ࠩ  MS Windows 98, ME, 2000.

⥢  Allied Telesyn AT-WCL007
 Allied Telesyn ।  ⥫ 㫥  ஢  ᢮ ஢.  ᯮᮡ  ⠭ 㤮 Allied Telesyn  ⢥   㭪樮 .

⥢  D-Link AirPro DWL-AB650
D-Link AirPro DWL-AB650 -  ᮪ந⥫ -   㪮  䥩ᮬ PC Card.     , ࠡ饩    5 , ⠪    2, 4  ।⠢     802.11a  802.11b.  ।  -  11 /  ⠭ 802.11b   54 /  ⠭ 802.11a. ᯥ稢 প ஬諥⠭,   ।    প ,   ।⠢  饬       .

窠 㯠 D-Link AirPlus DWL-900AP+
DWL-900AP - ஢ 窠 㯠 11Mbps D-Link.
 ன⢮ ᮥ ஢ ⮢  祭  (-ࢥ).    ⢠ ஢ 짮⥫,   窨 㯠  襭 ந⥫쭮 .
DWL-900AP ⠪ ন ਤ <窠 - 窠>, ..  ࠡ  㣮 窮 㯠 DWL-900AP,     . DWL-900AP  ந  ࠡ  ⢥ ᪮ ன⢠.
  ஥ 10Base-T RJ-45 ,  㯠    樮୮  Ethernet.   ஧筮  ⠬ ஢    Ethernet.
 ⠪   10Base-T  ୥ ࢥ.   ⮣ ୥ ࢥ ஢ 짮⥫  ᯮ짮  室  ୥ १ Dial-Up,   ADSL .  ࠧ   ।⢠  ।⠢ ᥬ ஢ 짮⥫ 室  ୥.
񬭠 ⥭  ࠧ񬮬 SMA    ⥭  襭 ⢠ 裡.

窠 㯠/⨧ D-Link AirPlus DI-614+
⨧ D-Link AirPlus DI-614+.    10/ 100Base-T ( ). ஥ DHCP ࢥ ⮬᪨ ᢠ IP- ஢ ⠬,      ⥢ ᠬ. ࠢ ன  ⢫ १ ⨢  web-䥩. ন: ⥭䨪 MAC-, Network Address Translation (NAT), IPSec, L2TP  PPTP. D-Link AirPlus DI-614+    ࠢ ⥭.  ᮡ ⨦ ९  ࠡ  䨫ࠬ ஢. ஢  : URL -    ᮤঠ騥  ᫮; ; IP-.

⥢  D-Link AirPro DWL-AB520
AirPro DWL-AB520 -  PCI  ⮫ ஢, ন騩 ⠭ ஢ ⥩ 802.11b  802.11a.
DWL-AB520  ஢ 騩     ࠧ ஢ . ⥫   ᮪ ᮩ ய᪠, 㯭  ⠭⮬ 802.11a, ।⠢ 짮⥫  ᯮᮡ ।  񬮢   ॥, 祬 뫮   ⠭⮬ 802.11b.

⥢  AVAYA Wireless USB Client gold
Avaya - 襥 ࠧ ௮⨢ ⥩ 裡  Lucent Technologies,  騬 ⠢騪 㭨樮 ⥬  ।⨩,   , ࠢ⥫⢥   㣨 ࣠樨.  ⠫  ᠬ⥫쭮 30 ᥭ 2000 , ꥤ  ᢮ த⮢ 䥫  ⭮  ॢ室 ४襥 ᥡ 㤮 - ⥫㭨樮 ࢥ DEFINI-TY,  ஢   ⥩ Cajun, ஢  ⥬ SYSTIMAX.
뤥 Avaya  ⠢ Lucent    ।  ᨫ  ।⢠  ᭮ ࠢ ,  砩襣 ஢ 㤭⢠  ⠬  --ࠬ. ⠢ ᨬ, Avaya ਫ ᯥ ᢮ ।:   ⠭ ஭  Avaya ⠭   ⠢騪 㭨樮 襭  ।⨩, ࠡ  ⮬  饬 뭪.
   ६ Avaya ࠭ ⢮    த ⥬ ࠡ⪨ ᮮ饭  ஢  ⥬,  騥 樨   ᪨ 業ࠬ  ⥬ ᮢ 裡  ।⨩.

窠 㯠 D-Link AirPro DWL-6000AP
窠 㯠 DWL-6000AP ᯮᮡ ࠡ  ஢  ⠭⮢ 802.11a,  802.11b. DWL-6000AP ࠡ⠥  11 ४뢠     ன⢮  ࠡ  , 饩 ன⢠  ⠭⮢. DWL-6000AP ᮧ  ᯮ짮  孮   ⮬ ᫥ ࠧࠡ⮪.  ஥  ஫ 802.11b  Texas Instruments, ᯮ饣 ଥ 孮 Digital Signal Processing,  稯  Athe-ros  802.11a.
२⢮ 襩 夨 孮 2, 4  5, ⮨   ࣠뢠  饣 㯠  㡫  (ࠧ⥫   .). ன⢮   ஢ ⥩  ய, , 㭨ଠ, 㭨⮢    让 業樥 .
DWL-6000AP ⠪  믮 ஫   ﬨ 802.11a  802.11b,  뢠   ࠤ樮묨, <஢묨> ﬨ,  祣  ன⢥  ஥  10/100 Ethernet.




 8.
㪮⢮ <⥢>: Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)



 1.
   ⮢  ࠢ

WPA ।⠢ ᮡ ⢮ 孮  饣 ⠭ 802.11i,   Wi-Fi Alliance 뢠 WPA2.  Wi-Fi Alliance ⨫ WPA 楫 ࠧ ᠩ  த  ⠭  .   ᫨  㦭 ஡ ଠ   ,   ,   .
筮  㬥⮬   १  । ᮢ ଠ樨,   ᫥ ⠢ Networld+Interop  ५. १    WPA, ⠪  ଠ  ⠢  孮.
   ⮥ <ࠢ>  WPA:
WPA = 802.1X + EAP + TKIP + MIC
  WPA  㬬 ᪮쪨 ⮢.



 2.
⥭䨪 짮⥫

⠭ WPA ᯮ 802.1x  ७ ⮪ ⥭䨪樨 (Extensible Authentication Protocol, EAP)  ⢥ ᭮  堭 ⥭䨪樨. ⥭䨪 ॡ, ⮡ 짮⥫ । ᢨ⥫⢠/ (credentials) ⮣,       .  ⮣ ࠢ 짮⥫ ஢    ॣ஢ 짮⥫.  ࠡ   짮⥫  易⥫쭮 ன १ 堭 ⥭䨪樨.
   ⥬ ஢ન    筮 ਭ ᯥ樠쭮 ࢥ -  ᥣ RADIUS. , ᪮ ਬ WPA ࠧ㬥 ᥬ ⥣ﬨ 짮⥫ ஢ ⥩, ⠭   ०,   ॡ ᯮ짮 ᫮ 堭.
 ० 뢠 Pre-Shared Key (WPA-PSK) -   ᯮ짮 室   ஫   㧥 ஢  (窨 㯠, ஢ ⨧, ᪨ , ).   ,  ஫ ᮢ,  㤥 ࠧ   .



 3.
஢

ᬮ  ,  ।⢥ WPA, ⮪ WEP,   - 堭 ⥭䨪樨 , 񦭮 WEP 砥  ਯ⮣᪮ ᫠ ⬠ ஢.  㪠  ⮬ ४᭮ ᠭ 㬥  RSA Security, 祢 ஡ WEP ஥  ᫨誮 宦   ࠧ ⮢ .
 TKIP, MIC  802.1X ࠢ WPA  ᢮ ஫  ᨫ ஢  ⥩  WPA.  ᫥饩 뤥প  㬥樨 Wi-Fi Alliance WPA  訩  ⮣,   ࠡ : TKIP 㢥稢 ࠧ   40  128     ᪨  WEP 砬,  ⮬᪨ ᮧ  ࠭ ࢥ஬ ⥭䨪樨. TKIP ᯮ  祩  ⮤ ࠢ 砬,  㡨ࠥ ।᪠㥬, ᯮ짮 騪     WEP.
 ⮣ TKIP ᨫ  802.1X/ EAP. ࢥ ⥭䨪樨, ᫥ ਭ  짮⥫ (credential), ᯮ 802.1X  ᮧ 㭨쭮 ᭮  (஭)   ᥠ 裡. TKIP ।     窥 㯠, ⥬ ࠨ  祩  ⥬ ࠢ, ᯮ ஭   ᪮ ᮧ 祩 ஢ ,  ᯮ  ஢   ,  ।  ஢   ६ ᥠ 짮⥫.  祩 TKIP   ᪨  WEP  ਬ୮ 500 म  祩,   ᯮ짮  ஢   .
஢ઠ 楫⭮ ᮮ饭 (Message Integrity Check, MIC) ।祭  ।饭 墠 ⮢ ,   ᮤন  ୮ 뫪. MIC ஥   魮 ⥬᪮ 㭪樨,  ਬ ࠢ⥫  ⥫,  ⥬ ࠢ १. ᫨   ᮢ,    묨   뢠.
  ⥫쭮 㢥祭 ࠧ 祩  ᫠ ᯮ㥬 祩,  ⠪ ᮧ 堭 ஢ન 楫⭮, TKIP 㬭 ᫮ ஢   ஢ . TKIP ⥫쭮 㢥稢 ᨫ  ᫮ ஢ ஢,   থ  ஢    ᫮, ᫨   .
 ⬥,  堭 ஢, ᯮ㥬  WPA  WPA-PSK,  묨. ⢥ ⫨稥 WPA-PSK 砥  ⮬,  ⠬ ⥭䨪 ந  - ஫,     짮⥫.  猪 ,  室  ᯮ짮 ஫  WPA-PSK 梨  ⠪ ⮤ ,   祬-   ࠢ.   ⥫  ⬥,  WPA-PSK ᭨ ⠭  砬 WEP,   楫⭮  ⪮ ⥬  ᭮ ஡㪢 ஫.  猪  ⥬   WEP, ᪮  ⮫쪮 ,    ᯮ짮   ᠬ .
᫥ ⮣,   㧭 ⥮  ࠡ WPA,  ३  ࠪ⨪.



 4.
 ⥮ਨ  ࠪ⨪


୨: 11g । 
⠪,  ਢ WPA,     প ⮣ ⠭  ᢮ ஢    ॥!  祣 ?
  <௮⨢>  譨 짮⥫,  室 ன  蠣:
 , ন   窠 㯠  ஢ ⨧ WPA,     ᮮ⢥饥  訢.
 , ন   ᪨  WPA,      ࠩ.
 , 㦭   㯠 ⥫쭮 ਫ প  襣 ஢ .
 1  2  묨,    ॠ樨 த  ன  樮 楯. ᪮ 設⢮ ந⥫ ⥢ 㤮  OEM  ODM 室  ,    ࢮ砫쭮      ந⥫ ஢ 稯,  㦥 ⥬  ࠩ  訢  ᢮ த⮢.
   ୠ, 뢠,  ᥣ   Wi-Fi Alliance   700 ஢ த⮢,     ஢ 襭.  ᭠砫 室 ᫠ -ந⥫ ⥢ 㤮,  ஢ ஢  (㤥 )  ᯥ譮 ࠡ 뫮 ࠩ  ᪠稢.
 ᥩ , 묨  訢  த   802.11g.   ந⥫    ᪮  த⮢, ᪮  ᮢ      ᫥ ᨩ ன  ᢮ ࣮ મ.    㤨⥫  䠪,  த   Broadcom, 宦, 묨   WPA, ᬮ  ,  Intersil 㦥 ⨫  WPA ᢮ ⠬  ﭢ  稯 11b PRISM 2.5     稯⮢ 11g GT  11a/b/g Duette.

୨: 11b  祥:
᫨  ।   - ⥫,  栬 த⮢ 802.11b  a/b ᫥  ௥     WPA. ⭮ ,    ⢥묨 ன⢠ 11b    WPA  Cisco 802.11b Aironet 1100  11a/b Aironet 1200, ᪠  Linksys WPC11 Ver3   3Com AP8000

 VPN-ᮥ: ⨧ SMC7004 FW  SMC7004WFW
    室 ꥤ ᪮쪨 ਠ쭮 ࠧ  ⥩ ᢮ ࠧ  祭 㤠 짮⥫. ᫨ ᯮ짮  ⮣ 㡫 , ਬ ୥,   ਤ ਡ  孮 ᭮ ।  ⨯ VPN.
    室 ꥤ ᪮쪨 ਠ쭮 ࠧ  ⥩ ᢮ ࠧ  祭 㤠 짮⥫.  ⭮ ᯮ, 筮,  ᯮ짮 ᮡ⢥  ७  裡  ⥫䮭 . ,  祢,    襭  筮 ண, ᫨ ﭨ,  ஬ 室 ⠭ ᮥ  ﬨ   ⮬  , , ਬ, ᫨ , 室  ⮬  IDF  ᨨ, 㦭    ᢮ 쭮 , ᯮ  ୨.  ᯮ짮 ⥫䮭   ਤ 稢 ஬   㭠த ⥫䮭 ࠧ,  ᪮ ⥫䮭 祭 㤥,  ⮬ , 쭮 .   ꥤ  ᮢ, 室  ࠧ ⨭,   ᮡ⢥   ॡ ஬ 㬬.
  ᯮᮡ ᭨   ।   孮 <㠫  ⥩>,  VPN (Virtual Private Network). 孮 VPN  ᯮ짮 饤㯭   ⢥ 񦭮  ண ࠭ᯮ   , ᯥ稢  ⮬  .  砥 ᯮ짮 VPN   ᢮   㯠  ୥,  ⢥ 襢 㣮த  㭠த , , ⢥, 襢 ࣠樨 䨧᪮ . 稢  ୥,  ⠭ ᮥ  㤠  VPN  ᯮ 祭    묨.
   ஡   砥  ,   ।  騬     墠祭 諥, ⮬ ᮡ  㤥 ᭮ ⠪ . ⢥,  ࠧࠡ⪥ 孮 VPN 뫨 ।ਭ   񦭮  䨪,   ᬮ, ⠪   .
 ⠭ VPN-ᮥ ᮧ ⠪ 뢠 㭭,  ᪨ ,  ஬ । . 筮 ,   ।  㭭  ⮬ ,   , ।  饩 ,  墠.  ⮣ ⮡  ଠ    諥, ᯮ ஢ -  ࠢ 室  ஢뢠,  ⥬ ।.  ⨦ 筮 窨 ᮥ ந室  ,    室   ࢮ砫쭮 .  ࠧ,  㡫    ஢   ।.
VPN-ᮥ  㤠񭭮 設 ।⠢ ᮡ 筮 ᮥ <窠-窠>, ⮬  ஬ ⥢ ன⢠, १  室 㭭,  筮 짮⥫  .

ਠ ॠ樨   ⨧஢ SMC
 SMC Networks, ந⥫ 㦥 筮   襬 ⥫ 㤮  ⥩, ந 筮 .  ⨬   ⥬  ⥢ 㤮,  ⠭  㠫쭥   ,  ,   ᮧ  㭭 VPN.

VPN   PPTP
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) -   ⮪, ᯮ㥬  ᮧ 㠫  ⥩ (VPN)  ᭮ ⥩ TCP/IP.  ⮪  ࠧࠡ⠭  १ ᮢ 㤮  Microsoft, Ascend Communications, 3Com/Primary Access, US Robotics  ECI-Telematics,  ⠢ । ᮡ 楫 ࠧࠡ ⠭⭮ ⮪ 񭭮 .  ⮨ ⬥,  PPTP  ⢥ ⠭ ⠪    ਭ, ,  ᢮ ।, 易  ࠫ쭮 ࠧࠡ⪮ 㣨 ﬨ    Cisco  ⮪, ᨢ襣  L2F (Layer Two Forwarding). L2F ⮦ ⨣  PPTP -    ਭ.   ᮧ ⮪ L2TP (Layer Two Tunneling Protocol), ꥤ訩  ᥡ PPTP  L2F.  PPTP,  ࠭  Microsoft, 稫 筮 ப ࠭. ⬥⨬,  樮 ⥬  Microsoft  ஥  PPTP, ன ண  뢠  ᫮⥩.  ⮪  ᮧ 㠫    ᭮ 饤㯭 ⥩ TCP/IP, ਬ ୥. PPTP ⢫ 㭭஢, 㫨  ⮪ IP  ⠣ࠬ PPP.  ࠧ, 짮⥫  ᪠ ணࠬ, ࠡ騥  묨 ⥢묨 ⮪ १ ⠭ ᮥ. 㭭 ࢥ 믮  室  ᯥ祭  । , ᯥ稢   ।.

VPN   IPSec
IPSec (Internet Protocol Security) -   ⮪,   ⥬ ⠭⮢, ࠢ  ⠭  ঠ 񭭮   । . IPSec ।ᬠਢ ⥭䨪  ⠭ , ஢ ।   ࠭ ᥪ 祩, 室  ࠡ ⮪ ⥭䨪樨  ஢. ।⢠ IPSec ॠ  ᮤন ⮢ IP,  ⠪   ⥢ ⠪  䨫樨 ⮢  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮  ᮥ.  ࠧࠡ⪥ ਭ ⨢ ⨥ ⠪ ,  Microsoft  Cisco Systems.
 ⥭䨪樨 筨    ᯥ祭 楫⭮ ⮢  ᯮ ⮪ AH (Authentication Header).  ஢, ⥭䨪  楫⭮ ।  ᯥ稢 ।⢠ ⮪ ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload). ⮪ IKE (Internet Key Exchange) ᯮ  । ᯮᮡ 樠樨 񭭮 , ஬ ⮣, IKE । 楤   ࠢ ᥪ묨 砬 ᮥ.
஢  IPSec  ᯥ稢  ⬮ ᨬ筮 ஢.
 ࠭祭 IPSec  ⬥,   ࠡ⠥ ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ ।   ⥢ ஢ ᯥ稢 ।⢠ ⮪ IP,    砥 ᯮ짮 㣮 ⮪ ⥢ ஢, ਬ IPX, ᯮ짮 ।⢠ IPSec 㤥 . 筮,  㦥  㠫쭮  裡  ᥬ ࠭ IP ᥣ. ஬ ⮣, ᥣ   ᮢ⭮ ᯮ짮 ஢ IPSec  㭥஢ L2TP.
 IPSec   ० ࠡ: ࠭ᯮ ( ।    ᯮ ਣ )  㭭 (室  頥   ,  ⥫ ண   ।  ).
 ⮪  ᮧ ⮪ 㠫    ᭮ 饤㯭 TCP/IP-⥩, ਬ ୥. PPTP ⢫ 㭭஢, 㫨  ⮪ IP  IPX  ⠣ࠬ PPP.  ࠧ, 짮⥫  ᪠ ணࠬ, ࠡ騥  묨 ⥢묨 ⮪ १ ⠭ ᮥ. 㭭 ࢥ 믮  室  ᯥ祭  । , ᯥ稢   ।.



 5.
筮 㤮

 ᫥ 䨣樨 ஢ ⥩, ।ᬠਢ騥 ᯮ짮 ࠧ筮 㤮.  砥  ⮫ ஬   ᯮ짮 譨 Wi-Fi , 騩  䥩 USB. 㫨 祭   ⠭. ᫨     -  ਮ Wi-Fi   PCMCIA-ଠ.  襭 裡  ࠡ ᪮쪨 짮⥫    㦭  ஢   쭮 , 訬 ਠ⮬ ⠭ ᯮ짮 窨 㯠. 㭪樮쭮  筠 ⥢   業.

 ० ࠡ
   쭮 , ஢    ० ࠡ.

 Ad Hoc
 ० ।ᬠਢ ᮥ  ⮢  ਭ樯 <窠-窠> (point-to-point, P2P).  ⮬ ०    뢠   㣨 ஬  .  ० ࠡ 뢠 Ad Hoc,    ᢮ २⢠, ⠪  ⪠.
᭮ २⢮ -    ⠭. ,   㦭  ࣠樨 ⠪ ,- ᭠  ⠭ (⮫   ) ᢮ ஢ 窮  Wi-Fi 㫥.  ⮫쪮   䨣,  ⠭樨 ᬮ 뢠   㣮. ஥ २⢮ 砥   ᯮ   ⥫쭮 ﭨ   㣠 -  १  砥 㢥祭  ⢨ . ᫨  A 㤠   C  300 ஢,   ⠭    B,     ᬮ 뢠  ᮡ. ⭮ ஭   ,   B  㤥 ࠡ, ᫨   A  C .  Ad Hoc ४  ⥩, ᮤঠ   쬨 設.  䨣 ᯥ  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ   ⨯ .

 窨 㯠
᫨  襩  ᯮ  쬨 ஢,    室  ࠭祭 ࠭⢥, ᪠,  200  ஢,  ॡ 窠 㯠.    ⢫ ᪮쪮 㭪権, ਬ, 業ࠫ   ᥬ ࠬ,   ࠡ  業,  ᮥ  ஢  ஢ .
஬ ⮣,  ஢  ஢  窠 㯠  ࠡ  ୥-⨧,   ࠧ   ᮥ  ୥⮬. 筮 ⠪  ࠭祭 ᯮ짮 ப᭮ 祭  ୥, ⨯ 쭮  ADSL. ஢ ⨧ ᪠  ࠧ . ਬ,  ஢ ⨧  ⮬ Ethernet.   ன⢠ ⫨  ⮭ ⨧஢,  ࠢ USB   ADSL , ⠪    ᮥ   ஢ ⨧  ஥ ADSL .  ᠥ ᨨ,   室 롨     ISDN ᮥ.   砥 ⨧ ࠡ⠥  窠 㯠   WiFi.



 6.
஢ ⨧


饥 
ᥬ  ᫮    㯠 WLAN  ஥ ⨧஬ ( ᮢ⥫ 騬 DSL   ) -  쬨 襥  த⮢ Lan-com, Netgear  Samsung.  ࠪ⨪, ,   ⠪  ⨦. 窠 㯠 Netgear ᯥ稢 ᨬ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ,   ६  த Samsung  ᥣ 䨣஢.
Netgear FM-144P  ᥣ 室   쭮 த <  >.  뢠 ᮪ । ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  497 / (  襩 裡  ஢ ), ன⢮   ࠢ   ᪮쪮  㭪権. Netgear 砥  ᥡ ࢥ , ࠢ   4-⮢ .

쭠 : DSL/   WLAN
᫨   ⠭ ᮪᪮⭮ ᮥ  ୥⮬,      DSL .  ᨬ  襣  ⥫⢠,       ਠ⮢. DSL   ﭨ  ⥫䮭 ⠭樨,   ६    -  ﭨ  業 쭮 ⥫,  ।⠢  . ᫨    設⢥ 砥 ᯥ稢  ᪮  ந⥫쭮  ࠢ  DSL,  ࠪ⨪     ⮫ 訬, ᪮   ᯮ ਭ樯 ࠧ塞 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ,   ६  DSL ।ᬠਢ ᮭ쭮 뤥 ᮥ.    孮   뭪 ᮪᪮⭮ 㯠  ୥  ୮ ਪ.  ய  -㣮, ⠬   ISDN  DSL.  ࠧ  ᮥ  ୥⮬  㣨    ⮫쪮 ⨧,    ஢.  ஢   ᯮ짮  த. । 롮஬ ⠪ ன  祭  襬 DSL/쭮 ,  ஢    ஢஬  । ࠧ襭  ᯮ짮. ᫨     DSL  쭮   ,      ⨯ http://www.2wire.com  http://www.dslreports.com.
᫨  㦭 ࠧ  DSL/쭮 ᮥ  ୥⮬  ᪮쪨 ࠬ,    DSL/ ⨧.  ன⢮ ᪮॥   業 ⨧஬,  ᯥ稢 אַ   ୥ ᪮쪨 ࠬ. DSL/ ⨧ ᯮ ࠭ ᮢ NAT  ᯥ祭 ६ 㯠 ᪮쪨 ஢  ୥.
 ,  ᬮ   થ⨭,  ன⢠   騬 ࠭ࠬ, ᪮॥   襥, 祬 ஡  NAT. 騥 ࠭ ᯥ稢    㭪樮쭮,  ⠭ NAT ⨧.   NAT ⨧ ࠭  ਥ ,   墠⠥  । ⠪, 䨫樨 ᮤঠ  ࠧ 権  ⠬,     ᮮ⢥ த ஢ ௮樨. (祬,  ⢥ত ⮦  ﭭ -   NAT ⨧, 騥  訬 ஬ 㭪権, 㭠᫥  ௮⨢ 뭪). ᫨   ⠢ ᥡ   ⫥  ࠧ,    ᠩ Sonic Wall.  ᨬ   ॡ⥩,  設⢥ 砥  墠 ⥩襣 NAT,  ⢨⥫쭮 ᯥ稢 ⥫ ஢ ,   ⮨   楫 . 祬,    , 祬 , ⮬ ४ ᯮ짮 NAT ⨧   祭    ୥.
ப 쭮 Ethernet   ᮥ ஢  DSL/쭮 ⨧ 쭮 㤮񬪠,   ⭨  ६.   㯠⥫ DSL/ ⨧஢  ᨫ 譨,   ᨬ   ॡ⥩   ᫠ ஢, ⠭⭮ 쭮 襭 뢠 䥪⨢.  ਬ, ᫨   ࠥ  ,  ஢ ਠ    ய᪭ ᯮᮡ,    ⠭ 譥.  짮⥫ 롨 ᬥ ஢  ஢ 襭  ᢮ 譨 ⥩,  ,  ,    .  ᠭ  樨,  ᫨   㦥  ஢ DSL/ ⨧,  㤥  㯨 ஢  㯠. 窠 㯠 ᯥ稢  ஢ 祭  襩 ஢ .   ⮬    । :  窨 㯠,  ⫨稥  ஢ ⨧,  㭪樨 ࠭樨 ⥢ ᮢ. 祬,    ⭮ 樨 - ந      ୨ ,-    ࠧ ன⢠.
஢ LAN (WLAN)  뢠  襭,   ,  㣨    . ⠭ 802.11b ᯥ稢 ⥮ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 11 /,    ࠭稢 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ DSL/-쭮 ⨧  768 /. 筮, ⠪ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ      ࠢ  100 / Ethernet, ᮡ ᫨  㤥 ஢ 讥 ⢮   䠩-ࢥ,   窥 㯠 WLAN.   த, ⮫쪮 稭騥    , । 襥.  ⠭⮬ -䠪  ஢ ⥩ ⠫ 802.11b,  ᫨  㦭 ⭠ ᮢ⨬,  㦭 ਮ  a/b  㯠   ᪠ 802.11g,  㤥 ন 802.11b, ࠢ   ᯥ稢 54 / 802.11g ( 72 /  ⠭ 802.11a  ᪮॥ ⭥   䠭⨪,  ॠ쭮).  802.11g   ⮫쪮  ਧ. ⭮,   ,   猪 ⠭ ᠬ 訬   ஢ 襭,   ⢨⥫쭮 ⮨ .   㤥 뢠  饥.
 ந⥫ 㦥 । 802.11a த (ࠢ   室  蠣 , ஢  A/B),     ண  ࠢ  802.11b  ࠡ  㣨 .
ன⢠  802.11b   뭪 㦥  ६.  ᥣ譨   ⨦ ᮪ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 802.11a  室 室   ﭨ  窨 㯠  ᮡ ᫮ אַ ,  直 ९⢨ ⨯ ⥭  ३.    ᨬ쭮 ⭮襭 業/ந⥫쭮   饩 ᮢ⨬   ᤥ ᢮ 롮   802.11b.
 DSL/ ⨧  ஢ 窠 㯠 - ਠ 祭  祭 宩.  ⮣,   ⮬   㦭 ᮥ ⨧   㯠 ,  ⥣஢ 襭 㤥   ।⢠.

᭮
祬      訬  ४   ᭮ ஢ ᮥ?
 ᭮ ﭭ   ⠭ 802.11b.  ⢨⥫쭮   ᮡ ,   筮 ⮣ ᭮   짮⥫. ஢  ᫥ ⠭  ⮬   ᫮ ᭮,  ᯮ  ᮧ   ⥩  dial-up 㯠.
砫쭮  ⠭ IEEE 802.11 ।ᬠਢ ॠ ⮪ ᭮ WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy).  ᠬ 砫 楫 ७ WEP 뫮 ⨦ ⮣  ஢ ᭮,  ᯥ稢  ࠤ樮 ஢ 쭮 .  ࠤ樮 ஢ 쭠  㦥  묨 堭  -   ஫஢ 窨 㯠    .  ஢ ᨣ ᯮᮡ ஭ ᪢ ⥭, ⠪   䨧᪨ ࠭   ࠡ.  ᯥ祭 ஢ 䨧᪨ ࠭祭 筮 ஢   ⠭ 802.11 뫮  ஢ WEP.
 ᠬ  ᭮ ஢ ⥩ ⮨  ⮬,  짮⥫  ।  ᯮ짮   .  ஢  室 ਬ WEP, 騩 ࢮ  .   짮⥫ ࠡ   类 ,   ⮩    - <室,  , ,  >.    WEP 㣭 ⥭樠쭮 騪,  ᫨    ண,   ਤ       襭.
樠 THG 뤢 ᥬ ४権:
 ୮ ஢ ᠩ ⠢騪      ஢ ன. ਬ ,  訢 襣 ன⢠.  ᫥ ,  㯫 ன⢮  ᠬ ᢥ 訢.
  WEP    ᭮      㬮砭. ⥬ ॣ୮   WEP.   ࠡ⠩  ஢ 窮 㯠  ஢ ⨧஬  ᯮ짮 WEP. 筮, ᫨   , ।騥  襩 .
  ᪮    襬    ஫ ᬮ    ஢ ᭮.
  SSID  㬮砭  - .
 ᯮ ᥠᮢ , ᫨  த  ন.
 ᯮ 䨫  MAC-ᠬ, ᫨  த ন ⠪ . ஢ ⨧  ࠡ ⮫쪮  ।묨 MAC-ᠬ    ᠭ樮஢ 㯠.
 ᯮ VPN.   ⮣  ॡ VPN ࢥ ( ன⢮, ࠡ饥  VPN ࢥ), VPN  㦥   ⠢ Windows 98SE, Windows 2000  Windows XP.
 , ᫨   襩  ॡ  ᮪ ஢ ,   ᫥  ⥫  ᭮ ⨯ 㯠  ᭮ RADIUS  Kerberos, ஢ ଠ樨,  ஫, ⥭䨪樨 짮⥫, VPN, SSL  ࠭.   ⥣஢ 襭 802.11b  設⢮ 㣨 ஢७   襭.

  ன⢠
 ᯥ譮 祭  DSL   設⢥ 砥  室 DSL/ ⨧, ন騩 PPPoE (⮪ 窠-窠  Ethernet).    ᬮ७ ன   - ஡  祭.  ᮥ  ᪮쪮 ᥪ㭤.    PPPoE,  ⨧ ⠪  ࠡ  㣨 ⮪ ⨯ PPTP (㭭 ⮪ 窠-窠), প ண ॡ   DSL/ ஢஢.
 䠪஬  業 ந⥫쭮 WLAN  ७ 쭮.  室 ᨬ ⠭ (窠-窠)  窮 㯠  ன⢮,  ஬ ந室 ⮩稢 । .  㥬 ன⢮ 砫  㣮 ,   窮 㯠  ன⢮ 室,  ࠩ ,  ⥭  .
᪮ ஢     㠫쭠, 祭   ﭨ   ᥣ ᮮ⢥⢮ ⢨⥫쭮.  ᪮ ஢  ஢ ⨧  ࠢ ᫮,    ࠢ ⮢.

⮤ ஢
 ࠫ ᮧ ⮢ 㦥  ஢ 窨 㯠 WLAN ᨬ쭮   ⨯筮 ᭮ 㦥. 窠 㯠 砫 १ 10/100 /  HP  DHCP  䠩 ࢥ,  ஬ ࠡ⠫ Red Hat Linux 7.3.  ।  ᯮ짮 ⥪ ⮪ TCP/IP. ⮬   Dell Inspirion 2650  Windows XP.  ᠥ ஢ PC Card,  ᯮ짮  ⮣  ந⥫,  窠 㯠 室 ஢.
 業 㦥⢥  짮⥫ ஢ 祪 㯠, ᭠砫 䨣஢ 窠 㯠  䥩 WLAN. ᫨ 楤 䨣樨 ॡ Ethernet  祭  ᫥⥫쭮 ,  ᮮ⢥⢥ ࣮ ᭨. ᮡ  뫮 㤥 㦥⢥ ᠬ 楤 ன.
 ⮫쪮 ⠭ 뫠 祭,  稭 ஢ ᨬ쭮 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  । .  ⮣ ஢ (  ஢ ᫮) 100  䠩  520  ⠫, ᮤঠ騩 ᪮쪮  ⤥ 䠩  䠩 ࢥ.  ஢  ࠧ   ࠢ -  㪠  ࢥ  .   ⮢ 뫠 ஢   WEP (Wired-Equivalent-Privacy) ஢   -  몫祭.  ஢ த ন ᨬ ஢ ஢ - 128 .

 ⮢ ਩ - 쭮 ࠡ  㭪樮쭮
⮡ ஢ 쭮, 㦭   㯠      ,  ⥬ ।    ⢨ WLAN.  ஢ ᯮ짮   100  䠩  ஢ન ⠡쭮 裡  ஢   .
    㭪樮쭮. 쪮  ᯮᮡ 䨣樨 窨 㯠 (-㧥, ᮡ⢥ ணࠬ);   ன⢮   譥 ⥭     ..



 7.
஢ ன⢠:  ᤥ ࠢ 롮


த    ,   ᮢᥬ
 ᫮ ⪮ ࠭祭 ᮢ ᮧ⥫    ਫ    ஬ ᫮ 㭪権      㭪樮 । ,  ⠪ ࠪ⨪,  ⨧筮, ࠢ     ।  ࠧࠡ⪨ ஭ ਫ.   ᯥ稢 ᭮,  ࠧ ᯮ ।⢠ VPN,  ন ᠬ ࠭ 孮 ஢ ⥩,  ⭮ IrDA  Bluetooth ( 筮 ᯮ짮)  CDMA 2000 1X  GSM/GPRS (  ).  ⮬    ন ஢  Wi-Fi.
  ᭠ ஥묨 ।⢠ ࣠  ࠡ   묨 ⥬  ᮮ饭ﬨ - SMS  MMS.    ࠡ⠥  騬 ⮢묨 ⥬, ਬ  Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Notes,   ⮪ ୥ IMAP  POP3.      ⢥騥 ᫮ ⭮ ⮡ࠦ 㧥 WML (Wireless Markup Language)  HTML,    ᯮᮡ ᯥ ⥢ ⢨  TCP/ IP.  , 騥 ⠢騪 , ਬ IBM  Oracle, 㦥 ७ ᢮ ௮⨢ ਫ     .
  ଠ,    த⠬  ᥬ⢠  ⥬,  । ᯮ짮 ᮮ⢥饥 ன⢮ - २⢥  ⢥ ⥫䮭   ⨢ .  ⭮, ⮡ ஢ ॣ <⥫䮭-> ⮫   ࠢ  ⭮ 祩,   ᮮ⢥饥 ᯥ樠஢ ன⢮. ஬ ⮣,     㭨 짮⥫᪨ 䥩  ॠ ᢮ 室  ᯥ祭 ᭮. ,  RIM ࠧࠡ⠫ ᮡ⢥  ᪢ ᯥ祭 ᭮, PalmSource  Symbian ᯮ VPN-।⢠  ,  Microsoft 稫  ᯨ᮪ ন ⮪ PPTP  L2TP/IPsec VPN.
  প Java ᯥ稢  ,  ଠ Symbian ।   ணࠬ 䥩 MIDP 2.0  Personal Java 1.1.1a.   ᫥ ,  Microsoft, ।⠢  ᨫ প .Net,  짮⥫ 㯭  ।⢠   , ᫨   ࠡ  । ணࠬ஢ Microsoft - OLE,.Net  Visual Basic.     㧥,   ଠ஢  ।⠢ ᫮ ࠭,  १  ᬮ  ⥭  ன⢮   ⥫쭮 㤮, 祬  ७.
  ⫨⥫쭠  - ন ஢ .  ⢮ ⥭, ᮣ᭮ ன ଠ  ন Wi-Fi  ⮢ ,  ᬠ䮭 - ⮢ ,  ᥩ  襥 ᫮ ᬠ䮭 ন  Wi-Fi.
  ᠥ ⥭権  짮⥫᪨ ।⥭ , ,  १⠬ ᮢ  ⥫,  業筮 誠  1  7 襭 । 業    ⠢  3  5   ⥫  நࠢ. ᫨ ⠢   浪  襣  襬,  ᯨ᮪ ।⥭ 㤥 룫拉 ⠪: Microsoft Pocket PC, Palm OS, RIM Blackberry, Linux, Microsoft SmartPhone  Symbian. 設⢮ ⥫ । .
⭮⥫쭮 ࠪ⨪,  ௮⨢ 짮⥫ ⠥ ᠬ묨 묨,  ᪠,  ॢ ᥣ 業 ⥬ ᭮.


 뭮   < ५>, ⮡  ⢥ ⥫.  ⤥   ⮣ ६,  -   ⠭ -饬 <ᮢ>.    ॠ  襬 ஢,   筮 ᯥ⨢   ⮨ ,  뭮 㤥 ন  -  .
䮭 㭨樨: Symbian.  ଥ Symbian ᭮ 㯮 ᤥ  ᨫ 㭪樨 ⥫䮭   ⥣   ࠡ⪮ . 뢠,   < ᨫ> ⮩  -  Nokia  騬 ந⥫  ⥫䮭  , 㤨⥫쭮,  ᠬ த ᬠ䮭   Symbian. 業 Symbian ⠢  ᥬ  让 ⨬ ࠧࠧ ன,  ⥫䮭  筮 ன      ,  ⠪ ⥫䮭, ᭠ ⠭⭮ 䠢⭮-஢ ன Qwerty.
஭ : RIM. ଠ RIM 뢠,   ᯥ    ஢ 㭨権  ⮫쭮 ⥬  .  室  ८᫨ ᠬ  ࠡ   묨,  祬 RIM ࠢ  ॢ室.
쭠 । : Microsoft  PalmSource.  쭮 । 楫   PalmSource ࠧࠡ⠫ ᠬ 訩      㭪ﬨ ⥫䮭 - Treo 600.   ᯮ짮 ஬  ⠫஢ ਫ Palm,  ࠪ᪨ ࠭,   <⮢  㯮ॡ> ਫ, 室饥   㦤.  ᢮ ஭ Microsoft ᯥ稢 ᠬ    樮 । - Windows Mobile  ᨫ প ௮⨢ 짮⥫, ᮡ ,  ࠡ ।   த樨 ⮩ . ஬ ⮣,   Microsoft  ᠬ묨 ᨫ묨 ⥢묨 ।⢠. Palm  Microsoft ७᫨ < >  뭮  ⥫䮭,   ਤ 뭥 ᮯ୨   Symbian.

  Linux
 ᫥  ⮩   ஥ ⥬, ..    ⥫䮭,   2.6.  魠   ७묨 ।⢠ ᯥ祭 ந⥫쭮  ॠ쭮 ६,  -뢮  প ப஫஢   񬮢 .   Linux  ⮬ 뭪  ⮦ ,  ६       ᭮, ᮡ     ᢮ ᫨⥫   ᫨   ।⥭ ⠢騪  ⥫䮭.      ந⥫, ⠢ ᬠ䮭   Linux,   Motorola. ଠ  Zaurus PDA  Sharp ⠪ ᯮ Linux,   ஢ 裡  ॡ .
 Linux    ࢥ୮ 뭪,  Linux-ன⢠ ᬮ ᯥ <订>   ࢥ     । ࠧࠡ⪨  ᠬ ࣠権  ᨬ ⠢騪 .  ⠭ 饩 ᨫ  뭪 - ⠢騪  ⥫䮭, ⠪,  Motorola,  ⠢騪 Linux, த Red Hat,-  ६.

Microsoft
    Microsoft, ᯮ  Windows CE,  ୮ 㯫  뭮 ,    񢠭 権 Palm.  Windows CE ࠧ    ᨨ: Pocket PC  ,  Windows SmartPhone   ⥫䮭 ᮪ .    ⠢  ⮣,  Microsoft 뢠 Windows Mobile. Pocket PC,  ᢮ ।, ࠧ    ᨨ -        㭪ﬨ 쭮 ⥫䮭. ᫥  Pocket PC Phone Edition.
 ᠥ ன, ন  Microsoft,     Hewlett-Packard (HP)  ᢮  த⮢ iPAQ. HP ⠢ ⠪ Wi-Fi  Bluetooth-ᨨ,  ᮡ⢥ ⥫䮭     .  ᫮ ⠢騪 ன, ࠡ  ࠢ Pocket PC Phone Edition, 室  Audiovox, Hitachi  Samsung.
㣠 ଠ Microsoft - Windows SmartPhone   稫 ப প  ஭ ந⥫ ⥫䮭,     ⮩  㦥 稭 ⠢  뭮  ⥫ , , ਬ, MPx200, ࠭ ன  AT&T Wireless.  ⥫䮭   ⥬  ।⢠,   Pocket PC,  ।,  祫 ᬮ ࠡ    㪮,       ᯮ ⥫䮭 ,   .
  , 室   Windows Mobile, Microsoft ᯥ稢  ।⢠ ࠧࠡ⪨  頥 짮⥫  ⥣  ᢮ ଠ樮묨 ⥬.  ᫮ ஭ ⠢騪   , 祬  Palm, Microsoft 㯮   ७ ௮⨢ ਫ, ᮧ ᠬ ﬨ    . ᫨    ࠧࠡ ⠪ ਫ, Microsoft ।   롮  室: Embedded Visual C++; ࠧࠡ⪠  ।.Net Compact Framework - <쭮> ᨨ .Net , , 㬥਩  web-ࠧࠡ⪨. ஬ ⮣,  ᯮ짮 ᨥ J2ME 몠 Java  ணࠬ 䥩ᮬ MIDP1.0. ଠ Windows Mobile ন ⮢ ⮪ Microsoft  ⠭ ⮢ ⮪. প 㦡  ᮮ饭ﬨ 砥 EMS, SMS, MMS, IM  WAP  SMS.  ⠪  㤮 㧥.
Windows Mobile ন ⢮ ⮪ ஢ ⥩,  CDMA 1X, GPRS, Wi-Fi, IR  Bluetooth.  砫쭮 প IPsec, L2TP  IPPTP,  ⠪  13 ᨬ묨 ⠢騪 த⮢ VPN-।  Microsoft ᨫ쭥, 祬     ७⮢.
,  ଠ Pocket PC  室  ,  ਨ । ஢ 裡 뢠  ᥭ   ஢ Microsoft  ⮩ . ⨬  , 祬 Nokia, Sony Ericsson  Siemens ꥤ  ᯮ짮  Symbian  ᬠ䮭. 祬,    ᮯ⨢ ⥫䮭  ࠢ Windows SmartPhone 㦥   뭪   室   .

PalmSource
 த砫쭨 楯樨  ஢    Palm,  Apple   ࠧࠡ⪮ Newton,  Palm ᤥ  ᯥ譮  -०   ⮬ 뭪.      - PalmSource,   ⠢ ,  PalmOne, ⢥  ன⢠.
ᬮ  १ ࢮ砫 , 뭮  ᥩ   ஢ ਬ୮ 10  ன  ,  Palm,    稥 ⠢騪, ।稫 ᢮ ᨫ  ஢ ଠ,  ⮬ ᫥    ,  ন Wi-Fi, ਬ Tungsten T,  ⮢ ,  ⭮ Treo 300, 400  600.  Treo 뫠 ࠧࠡ⠭  Handspring,  Palm  ਮ५. ⭮,  -  ᭮ <ॡ稪>  Palm.   ஢ த Treo 300  400  ᫨誮 騩, 宦,   ன⢠ ᬮ ⠢  ७ ᢮   뭪 ᬠ䮭. ᮡ ᨫ  Palm ਤ ஬ ᫮ ਫ, 㯭   . ஬ ⮣,    । ஭ । 짮⥫ ,    롮 ஢     த樨 Palm.
Palm    20 .    ᢮ .  , 祬   㣮 쭮 .  ࠢ, ਭ    ᯥ  ଠ ஢ Palm.    ⮨ ६ 㧭, ।  ᥩ 㦭  ਫ. ஬ ⮣, ᠭ  । ᨩ  ਫ  ᥣ ࠡ  묨  ﬨ.  ⮬ 砥   ࠧࠧ ।⢠ ࠧࠡ⪨ Palm,  모 C, C++, 室  ᯮ짮 ࠭ , । Java (J2ME  MIDP 1.0)  Visual Basic.
ଠ Palm ন  ᭮ ⮪ ஭    ᮮ饭ﬨ  ᭠ ⢥騬 ᥬ ॡ 㧥஬. ⭠ ந⥫ 㤮 ⠢ 46 ࠧ ன Palm,      ப㯭.  ⤥ VPN-襭 । ஭ ﬨ. ஢ প 砥  ᥡ CDMA 2000 1X, GPRS/EDGE, UMTS/WCDMA, Wi-Fi, IR  Bluetooth.
  Treo 600 ᯮ Palm OS 5.   㦥   ⮬,  ⮢ ᫥   , 稢  Cobalt.   ९ᠭ  ᯥ稢 ⠪ ,  ⨧筮, 筮,  , প  񬮢    ࠭, ।⢠ ᭮, ᮮ⢥騥 ஬諥 ⠭,  騥 । framework  㭨権  ⨬, ᯮᮡ ࠢ  ⢮ ᮥ ६. PalmSource ⠪ ⨫ ᮢ襭⢮  OS 5   Garnet, ᭠ ⠭⭮ প ப  ࠧ襭 ࠭, 筮   , ᮢ襭⢮묨 ।⢠ ⥢ 㭨権  Bluetooth.   ᥬ,  뭪  ।  ᨨ  ,  Cobalt ⠭  த  ᮪ ,  Garnet -  ன⢠ ᮢ 뭪     ᯮ짮   ஢ 裡.

Research In Motion
 ᯥ ⠢騪 ।  ஢ ⠢  ⠫  RIM  ᢮  த⮢ Blackberry. -  뫨 ᥣ  孨᪨ <誨> ࠧ஬  , ⥯  RIM । ன⢠ ࠧ஬  ,  梥묨 ࠭  㭪樮쭮  ⥫䮭.  ୮ த⮢  RIM 砥  ⮬,   । 㭪樮 ⥬  ᮮ饭ﬨ,  ன⢮, ⠢襥 ஬ । - (⨯ thumb keyboard), ࠢ ய⠭, 饥  ᮮ饭  室 ঠ ன⢮ ﭭ , 訩 ⮢     ௮⨢ ⮢ ⥬.  १ 稫   ࠡ 쭠 ⮢ ⥬, ᯥ稢 ⮬ ⠢ ᮮ饭 ஭  짮⥫ ⮤ <⠫> (push).  ⢥ ୠ⨢  ᯮ짮  堭  ⮢ ࢥ,    ࠡ,   ⠪ 㤮.
RIM ᫨ 125 ஭ ⠢騪 ਫ, 室   ணࠬ ISV Alliance ( ᨬ ⠢騪 ).  ᪮쪮 , 祬  ७⮢,   ⮫쪮  뫠 ᢮   ਫ  . 樨 ࠧࠡ⪨  Java, 㧥 室  C++,  ।⢠ ࠧࠡ⪨ ।  ⠢騪.  ᨫ쭠 ⠢  RIM - ஭ , ᭠񭭠 প  ᭮ ⮢ ⮪. 㧥 ন HTML  WML,   ᯮ짮     ਫ, ࠧࠡ⠭  몠 C++  Java.  RIM ᪠ 15 ᨩ ᢮ ன⢠.
 ᠥ ᭮,    প ⠭ VPN-㦡 RIM । ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ᪢  ᭮, ॡ   ௮⨢ । ࢥ Blackberry.
 ᫮ ন ஢ ⥩ 室  ࠤ樮   (DataTAC  Mobitex), ⠪   ⮢ (CDMA 1X, GSM/GPRS, Nextel IDEN).
 : ᪮쪮 㤠筮    RIM  㦡  ᮮ饭ﬨ  楫 ਫ ஢ ⥩?  ᢮ ⠢, RIM ஢ 業஢ Blackberry, ⮡  㣨 ஢  ᬮ     ⮢ . , ਬ, ன⢠ Sony Ericsson P900 Symbian ᪮  । Blackberry-.    ࠧ㬭  ⮬ ⮣,  RIM    ᢮ ᯥ  ᥣ   稪.

Symbian
᫥ <殮>  뭪 ஢  - Symbian,  ᮢ⭮ ।⨥ Psion, Nokia, Sony Ericsson, Siemens  Samsung. Symbian   ⢥  ,  ᫮  ᫥饣  ॡ  ᨫ ᭮ ⠢騪  ⥫䮭. 䮭, 騥  ଥ Symbian, ⠢ ᥩ  ᫥ ,  ⠪ Sendo  Motorola. 䮭 Symbian   ⮬ 뭪 筮 - ⮣ , ஥ 㤥  㭪樮쭮 業 Symbian,   襩 ⥯ -⠪  樨,   뭪 묨 業⠬.
ன⢠ Symbian ⫨ ࠧࠧ ,  ன⢠  ⠭⭮ ⥫䮭 ன   ஬  ᥭ୮ ,       㭪樮쭮 ன.  ᯫ ⠪ ᠬ ࠧ. Symbian । ந⥫ ⥫䮭 業   ,   UIQ, ⮣  Nokia  業஢ 㣮 ᨨ,   Series 60.  ᢮ ।, ந⥫ ⥫䮭 ⮦   ᢮ த⮢.
樠 Symbian   2 . । ᪨ ਫ,    ।祭  . ࠡ稪  ࠡ  C++, Java J2ME  MIDP 2.0, Personal Java 1.1.1a, Visual Basic  WAP. ।⢠ ࠧࠡ⪨ ⠢  . ন ⮢ ⮪  POP3, IMAP4, SMTP  MHTML,  㦡  ᮮ饭ﬨ - EMS, MMS, SMS  䠪. প 㧥஢  ଥ ᯥ稢   ஭ 襭  ⥪ 砥 㧥 㫥 (plug-in).   ᠥ 㤮: 5 ⠢騪 । 15 ࠧ ன. প VPN ᯥ稢    Certicom. প ஢ 裡 砥 Bluetooth, IrDA, CDMA 1X, GPRS, EDGE  WCDMA.
 Nokia ਮ५  Psion  Symbian  ⥯  ஫ ⮬ 権, ⮣  Motorola 㫠  Symbian.   Symbian  ᢮ 孨᪨ २⢠,  ⮫쪮 ६ , 㬥   ᯥ  ⢥   ᬠ䮭, । ⢮ ⠢騪,   ॢ  ,   Nokia. Symbian  ।⮨   짮⥫  ,   ७ 㦥 稫  ⭮.




ਫ



Wi-Fi  㦡 

㡫 Wi-Fi- ⠭   ୮ 㣮.   ७ ⠪   ᪨    ஡,  ० ᥣ ஡ .     襭?
, ஢ 孮 ᥣ  ᠬ 㠫쭮 ⥬.   裡 㦥 ᤥ  蠣  ࠢ ࠧ뢠 ⥬ Wi-Fi. ᭮,   ᨨ  뫨 ⮢ ,   ࠨ ࠧ뢠 㡫 ⥩ Wi-Fi  樮 ⥫㭨樮  ⥫.
 ⥬ ७  襭  祭 ᮪  ࠢ  ᯮ짮  GPRS, MMS, ⥩ 쥣 ,  㦥 稫 ࠭  쭮 . -०   <孮᪨> 室  ७  : 11 / - ,  54 / -  .  ⮬ થ⨭ ᯥ,   ,  ।   㣨,  室  ன . 㣨   孮 ᥬ⢠ WLAN  ࠧ 뭮 . WLAN -   ஢ 㤫⥫  , 騩   ६    १  ࠡ  ୥⮬;  ᫥   㯠  ୥  ⠡ ࠩ  ⥤ 񫪠;  ஢ ,  । ண 㤭  ६,   裡  ࠭-⮬  ୥⮬. ⤥   ᢮ ᮡﬨ  ࠪ⨪  ਫ WLAN  ⥫㭨樮 ஢,   । ⮢.
᭮  , ⮢ ᫥⥫᪮  Analysys Research, ᥣ 뢠  10  20 . ⨢ 짮⥫ WLAN,    室  .  㦥  2006 ,  ண Analysys, ⮫쪮  ய 㣨 㡫 WLAN ਢ  20 . 祫,  ਭ ࠬ  ⥩ 室  ࠧ 3 . .
᭮ 䠪஬, ।騬 ࠧ⨥ 뭪 ஢ ⥩,   ᯥ樠⮢ Analysys,  ப ࠭ 孨᪨   ᭮ ⠭ IEEE 802.11b.   ஭, ६⥫쭮  ᫮  ன (ଠ ஢, ⥫䮭, 㪮), த  ஥묨 ।⢠ ஢ 㯠,   㣮 -  100    ᥬ  㦥 ᯮ 孮 WLAN  ᮧ ௮⨢ ⥩.
 , , ,  ࠬ 㡫 ஢ ⥩ ।⮨  楫  ஡,  ⭮, 易  ७  .   뢠,  ய᪨ ࠬ ᫥  ᮣ襭  㬨   ࠭, ᪮   㬥 騥 室  ࠧ뢠 祪 㯠  㡫 :  2006   墠 ஢   90  㡫 .  㣮 ஭, Analysys ⬥砥,  WLAN ।⠢ ᮡ ॠ ஧ ࠬ 2,5/3G-⥩ ⮢ 裡.
 業 ,  2006   10% 楢  ⥫䮭  ⠪ 짮 㣠 ஢ 㡫 WLAN,  ॢ ᮮ⢥⢥ 10%- ᭨ 䨪   GSM-. GSM-ࠬ    㣮 ᯥ:  Sharp, ਬ, ७ । ࢨ ୥-⥫䮭  ᯮ짮 ᢮  Zaurus.  㤥 ।⠢   300 WLAN-⥩  NTT Communications Corp.    ᮢ ࠭祭 ᫮ ,   ⮬       稢 ᯮ짮 WLAN-⥩ ( 饩 ᫮ -  $20  ).
 , 騥  ⥯ ७ 㡫 WLAN,   ᭮ ᪫⥫쭮 ⢥ ⥫ ࠧ  - ⠭    ⠭権, 墠祭  ࠭, , -業, 祭 ࠢ; 뢭 ᮮ頥 ⠪   ⢠ 㪮  প WLAN. Hot-spot ⠭ 㦥     ᠬ.
 ⮬ 設⢮ ⨪  ᯥ⮢ 業 ⥭樠 Wi-Fi- 祭 ᮪.   ஢ 祢   祭 ⥫ 室  WLAN,   񪮩 ᯥ⨢.

稭  ᫥⢨
孮 ஢ 쭮 㯠  ୥  ,   ६  ᯮ짮 ࠭稢 । ᮢ,    २⢮ ⠫ 쭮 ᮭ  祭   ⥢ ⥫.    ⥫㭨樮 ஢  ६⥫쭮 ࠧ뢠 ⥩ Wi-Fi? 筮 , ஭ ୥-孮    ,  ⠪ ᯥ  맢   ஡ ।    ⮢ ஢.   ᮢ६     ୥-ᠬ     , ⠪    窨.
 襭 ⮩  ᯮ ᠬ ࠧ 孮: ADSL, LMDS, GPRS, UMTS. GPRS  ६ ⠫ 㭨ᠫ 襭,  㤮 GPRS 뫮 ७ ࠪ᪨   ⮢ .   १ 뫨 筮 ஬묨. ᫥騩  訡, 饭  ७ GPRS,  ᪮४஢  ᯮ짮,  㣨    孮 ५  ୮.
  ॣ㦥 䨪 । . ஢    ୥ ⠭     ࠭,  ᮢ襭 祢,  ⮫쪮   GPRS ஡ 㢥祭 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⥩  .   ,  筮  ࠡ  ⥬ ⭮ । ,  ⢥न,  ࠪ 䨪  । 祭 ⪮. ,   業 䨪 । , 祢,  祢  ६ ୮   䨪   ६饭  ࠧ  .
 ᭮ ⮣  ᤥ ᫥騥 뢮:
 祭    ୥ ॡ  ண । ;
 筮    室  ᮪᪮ ਫ;
   짮⥫ 㣨 GPRS ॡ  -  쭮   㯭    -  ,  ண,   ஢,   ⠬,  䠪᪨  ਬ  孮 㯠  ୥.
 裡  ⨬   ᯮ짮 WLAN  ࠧ㧪 GPRS-⥩  ।⠢ ஢ .  㦥  砫쭮 ⠯  ஡,   ⠭  ⠭樨   뫨 ॣ㦥 䨪. 祬 ⠪ ந室? ࢠ ஡ -  ⢨ 짮⥫᪮ 㤮  設⢠ ⮢.
  㣨 㤭,    ।,  訡, ᪠  樮஢ hot-spot. ᬮ   ᯥ GPRS,   䨪 ⥩ ⭮ ।   筮.  ਭ⨨ 襭  ࠧ뢠 WLAN    -: ⠬  室   ୥. 訢 뢮 -  WLAN 㦭 ⠭   ,   ᪮ ⮢.  ਭ樯  ,  ᫥ 뢠 楫  䠪஢,       ⮢.
-,  ⫨稥    GPRS-㣨,   WLAN ନ  ⮫쪮  짮⥫ 쭮 ୥,    栬 ⨢ ஢,  ࠧ .
-, 짮⥫   筮 ନ஢  ⮨⢠ WLAN,  㢥७   ଠ樮 ᭮  - ⥫쭮 ࠭񭭮 hot-spot ᮬ   㯭 ⠬,    .
-,  ।񭭠 ७  ஭  ࠤ樮 ᯮᮡ ।  -  ஢, ⠪  .
 ࠧ,  ᤥ ᫥騥 뢮:
 ⤥ ஢ WLAN 让 ஫  .  ⥭樠 짮⥫  , 뢠騥  ࠭;
   ࠡ   ࣮ મ, ᯥ稢 짮⥫ ⢮ , ᭮,     짮  ⮬  ࠧ த;
 室 ࠧ뢠 WLAN   த㬠 ,   ⮬ 砥 ਭ樯쭮    䨪 GPRS,  ࠡ⪠ -,  થ⨭ ᫥.
室, ᭮ ᪫⥫쭮  ਭ樯 ਢ祭 ᨬ쭮 ⢠ ⮢,   拉 砥  ࠡ. ⭮,   ࣠樨 <᫥ >   ࠩ  㦭 ந   ⠡ ࠭.  WLAN-, ஥  ᫥ ਭ樯,  ७ᯮᮡ    ᢮ 뭮     ⮢, ⠪   ,   㣠 㬨.  ஬ ⥭樠  ⮢  樮 ⥫㭨樮 ஢. ஬ ⮣,      㧭 ७   ⥬ ,  ⠪ ࠡ⠭  ᪨ ⭮襭,  ᮧ    ⥫ ७ २⢠  ࠧ뢠  .
 室 - 訩 ᯥ  ஥ WLAN-,   筮 짮⥫  楫  ࠪ⨪: , 񦭮, 㤮⢮,  ⮢  ஬  .
 ᢮ ।,  ⮢ ,   ⥬ ࠤ㯠, ६ ஢ ᢮ 樨  㬥   ᯫ ⥬.   ⥬ WLAN 㤮⢮ 㪠 ॡ.

ᯥ ७
⠪,   祢  㦭 뢠  ७ WLAN-⥬    ⮢  GSM,  ᮢ襭 祢,    ⥬ GSM  WLAN  ஭騬?
ᮬ,  䨪樨  㤮⢠   筮 짮⥫    ࢮ . ⥫쭮      , ।⠢塞 ⮢ ஬.  ᫥⢨, 室 ᭠ ⥣  ⥬  , ᫮, pre-paid-⥬ ⮢ .  ⨢ 砥 pre-paid-    ⥫  (WLAN).
ᮡ  室 㤥 㤮 ࠡ  ⮬. ,  ᯥ⨢  ᯮ짮 web-䥩  ஢ન   (ਬ,   ।⭮ ) , ᬮ ⨪.   ᮧ pre-paid- १  䥩  ⠭  砭 ப ⢨ .  室, ॠ  ⥬ WLAN, 㤥 ᨬ쭮 㤮   ,   ᮭ ᪨ 㦡 .
⢮ ⥭䨪樨 짮⥫ ⠪   䠪஬  ⮢,  񦭮   ⮩ ⥬ ਭ樯쭮   ஢. ᬮਬ  ਠ ⥭䨪樨.
⥭䨪  ᪮ ஫   , ப ਬ塞,  㤮 ⮤, ᭮  web-⥭䨪樨.  室 ᯮ짮  WLAN   ⢥ ࢮ ࠭ । web-࠭  ମ,  ன 㦭 㪠 ᢮ ஫   짮⥫.  ଠ   , 㯨 ,  㪠 ६ ஫  .
⪮ ⠪ 襭  易  ⨬ ⠬ ⥫ ,   㦭   (, ࠭, ⥫쭠 ⥬ 䨪樨  ⠬),  짮⥫ (㯪, ࠭ ).
⮤ ⥭䨪樨  ᪮ ஫ ࠪ७  ⮭ ⥬  쭮 ⥯ ⥣樨  ன ⮢     ந ⮢ ⮢,     ࠤ樮 ⥫㭨樮 ࠬ.
騩 ⮤ - WLAN-⥭䨪  ᯮ짮 SIM-. ਢ񭭠  奬 筮 來  奬 ⢨ ⤥ 㧫  GSM  WLAN.     ࠡ  ⠭樨 WLAN-  ⥭䨪 ࠢ  ᪨ ,    SIM-,   ଠ, 室  ⥭䨪樨 짮⥫, -   SIM-.
ᮬ २⢮  ⮬ 砥  饭  ⥭䨪樨,  ⪮ - ᫮ 楤:  室  SIM-,    ⠭ ᮭ SIM-  ⤥ SIM- ⮫쪮  㣨 WLAN.  ⮤ ந ⮢ ,  ࠧ㬥 ⥣   GSM  祭 ଠ樨     SIM-,  頥 㭨ᠫ 䨪   GSM  WLAN.
,  ணᨢ  ⥭䨪   ࠧ ஫ (One Time Password). ஬ ⮣,   ⨯ ⥭䨪樨 ᯮ २⢠ SIM-,  ⮬    ॡ  権  ᠬ ⮩,   த ⠢  ⮢ ⥫䮭.
᫨ 㦭 ᯮ짮 㣠 WLAN,  ० ᥣ   web-, 㪠    ᢮ 쭮 ⥫䮭.  ⮬  ⥬ ஢,    㣨  , 㯥  ,  ⥬ 諥  ࠧ ஫   SMS-ᮮ饭.
 ⢥   室  ᯮ짮  쭮 ⥫䮭. ࠭⨥ ࠢ쭮 祭 ⮣ ஫  稥   㪠 GSM-⥫䮭, 㣮    SMS     ਭ樯.  ࠧ, २⢠ ⠪ ⮤  祢.
 ⥯ ᬮਬ ᮡ ७ WLAN-⥬   ⮢ ஢   ਬ.
७    孮 WLAN  SIM-⥭䨪-樥   ।⠢ ᮪᪮⭮ 㤠   ୥-ᠬ  ௮⨢  讬  ⮢ ६,  ⮬  ஢ન ⮢ 㤥 ᯮ짮 ଠ, ࠭  GSM-᪥.
 ࠡ     室  , SIM-, PCMCIA WLAN-  SIM- (ன⢮  ⥭ SIM-  PCMCIA   USB-ᯮ). ஢  ⠭ IEEE802.11   ᭮  ⠭権 , 砥   ࠭ᯮ .    窨 㯠 ⠢  100 ஢   ⠡஢   ⠭ ⥫ 祪 㯠.  窠 㯠  ६ ন ᪮쪮 ⪮ ⨢ 짮⥫  ᯥ稢 ᪮ । ଠ樨  筮   11 /.
  Ericsson  ᪨  쭮 裡 TDC Mobil ᠫ ࠪ  ࠧ뢠 WLAN-⥬    쭮 裡. ⥬   ⢮ 㣨 GPRS  UMTS  TDC Mobil, ᯥ稢 ப  ய᪠  ⥣᪨  ⢥ 窠 㯠. 짮⥫ ७  ଠ ஢      室 ᠬ  ᪮ ஢  ⥩.  ⮬ , ⥬ ᯥ稢 ⠪ 짮⥫   ୥  ௮⨢ .  ࠡ  ᯮ짮  ७᭮  ଠ , 㪮⮢ ⮩ WLAN     ୥-㧥஢. ௮⨢ 짮⥫ ।⠢ VPN-  ⥢ ࠭   . ᭮ 㯠  WLAN-㣥   짮⥫ ᯥ稢 堭 ।⠢ ࠧ ஫   SIM- 쭮 ନ.

 
⠪,  ७ ⥬ WLAN ⮢  ० ᥣ 室 ⥫쭮 ࠡ -⥣  ।  楫 㯯, ன  । 㣨 WLAN.  ᫥⢨, 室 墠뢠   窨,  ⥬ 㤥 ᨬ쭮 ॡ.
   ࠡ⪠ ⥣ ७  ࠧ뢠 ,     ਠ⮢ - ਢ祭    ⮫쪮  믮 ⠦ ࠡ, ᪮쪮  ᪠  ࣠樨 ᪨ ⭮襭  栬 hot-spot.  祭   ᨬ쭮    ⥬ WLAN, ᯮᮡ ⥣஢  饩 ⮢ ⥢ ன  ᯥ稢   㤮⢮  筮 짮⥫.
稥 ⠪ 㭪樨,  ⮬᪮  ᪨ ,  ᭨   ᮤঠ 業 ⥬ ࠤ㯠 WLAN.  ⮬ 砥    짮⥫     ⥬ WLAN   ࢮ ᨨ.  ⥫쭮 頥 ࠡ ᪨ ⤥.
쬠 室  ⥬ WLAN  㭪 ࠢ ⨯ .  ⥬ WLAN 室  ᪮쪮 ᮢ ,      ᮡ⢥ ࠢ 㯠, ࠭祭   ய᪠,  ⥫ .    web-࠭   ᠬ 롨     㦨.  ࠧ,  ᢮   롮 奬 䨪樨  ࠧ  .
ਭ    饬 ७ UMTS,  ᫥ ஫ 㤥  ᮢ⨬  ﬨ 쥣 ,  ࠡ  U-SIM. ਭ樯쭮 祭  ⠪ প 㬨,  , , 祢 .



 孮 Bluetooth

孮 Bluetooth ।祭  ࣠樨 ஢ ᮭ ⥩.
 饥 ६ ।⢠ Bluetooth ࠨ  ⮢ ⥫䮭, ଠ , ஢ 窨 㯠, ⥫䮭 ୨, , , ਭ   ஢ 窨 (digital pens). , ᬮ  㯭,     孮  稫 ப ਬ. ⭮,   ᪮ , ᪮ প Bluetooth 祭   Srvice Pack 2   Windows XP.
஬ ⮣,   ᫥⥫᪮  Allied Business,  ⨩ த    ⮬   ⥫䮭  㭪樮쭮 Bluetooth.
  ६   ᭮ ९⢨   ࠭ 孮 Bluetooth 﫠 ᫮  ᯮ짮, ᮡ ᫨  ⥫ ⠢ ⢮ ᪮쪮 ன Bluetooth   㣮.  ᥩ  襭 ࠬ 䨣樨  প Bluetooth  ⠢  Windows XP   ᪮䨣஢  ன⢠  祬  5 .
  孮 Bluetooth ⠭ ⮬᪨    ( ᮥ ன  室  ६). ਬ । Bluetooth, 쭮 ⢨ ,  ࠢ, ⠢  10 ,  ⪠  ᯮ짮   ᮥ ᮭ ஭ ன. ਬ,   孮 Bluetooth      ଠ   ⮢ ⥫䮭  ⢮ ᫥  ⢥ ஢ .
 祬     楫  ᯮ짮 孮 Wi-Fi?   ⮬,  孮 Bluetooth ᯥ樠쭮 ࠧࠡ⠭    ᮥ (   ਬ   樨 ࠡ 쭮 ).  ⫨稥  ⠭ 802.11 (Wi-Fi)  孮 Bluetooth ।ᬮ७ 䨫 㦥  (service discovery)  㣨 䨫, 騥  ன⢠ ࠧ  ᫥ ⠭ ஢ ᮥ ⮬᪨ ।⠢   ॡ㥬 㣨 (⠪, ਭ ।⠢   ⮢ ⥫䮭). ஬ ⮣,  ⫨稥  㤮 ⠭ 802.11 ।⢠ Bluetooth ࠡ  襩 室 魮 (1  10 )  ਥ஢  ࠧ ࠭ (ad hoc) ⥩. 襭⢮ ᯥ䨪樨 Bluetooth (⠭ IEEE 802.15.1)  樠 Bluetooth Special Interest Group.

  ࠡ⠥
  孮 Bluetooth ⢫  ࠬ , 饩   饣 (master) ன⢠   ᥬ  (slave) ன.  254 ன⢠  室  ﭨ <મ>   祭  . 짮⥫᪮ ன⢮, 樨饥 ,  騬  ࠢ ࠡ⮩  ன  .
㤮 Bluetooth ᯮ   2,4  ( ⮬   㭪樮 ன⢠ ⠭⮢ 802.11b  802.11g)  ॠ 孮 ७ ᯥ ࠤᨣ ।⢮ ᪠窮ࠧ   (Frequency Hopping - FH).
⮡   ࠡ  㣠,   (ਬ, , 易  ⮢ ⥫䮭) ⫨砥  㣮 (⮢ ⥫䮭, 騩  ୨ன) ᫥⥫쭮 ⢫  ᪠窮.  ᨬ筮 䨣樨 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ᮥ Bluetooth  ⨣ 721 /   ࠢ  57,6 /  㣮.  ᨬ筮  䨣樨 ᪮ ।    ࠢ   ⠢ 432,6 /. ஬ ⮣,  ᯮᮡ ন  㯫 64-/ ᮢ .  ࠧ, ய᪭ ᯮᮡ । Bluetooth  墠⠥  ⠭  ᮥ, ⢫ ᮢ 裡, ᨭ஭樨 ଠ ஢  । ஢ ࠦ    । ࠧ襭,   筮  ࠡ  ⠪ ன⢠,  ஢ .
 ⠪ 뢠,   ன⢠ Bluetooth ᮥ   㣮 ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ ন     䨫 Bluetooth,  ।⠢ ᮡ  㭪権, ᭮  ⮪ Bluetooth.   孮 । 䨫 ᫥⥫쭮  (Serial Port Profile - SPP), 㥬 㯠 (dial-up networking), ୨, ன⢠ hands-free, 祭  , 䠪, । 䠩  ᨭ஭樨. ⠪, ᫨ ⮢ ⥫䮭 ন ⮫쪮 䨫 ன⢠ hands-free,  ୨ - ⮫쪮 䨫 ୨,    ⢮.
䨫 SPP  ࠡ ᮥ  ᫥⥫ ⮬ RS-232,     ਫ, ࠡ饬  ⨬ ⮬, ᯮ짮   ।⢠ Bluetooth.  ᯥ䨪樨 Bluetooth  ஬ 1.2 뫠 ਭ   諮 .   । প ⨢ 孮 FH, 饩 ⮩稢 㤮,  ⠪ ।ᬮ७ 㬥襭 ६ ⠭ ᮥ, 襭 ⢠ ।   ७ প ।񭭮  (scatter-net).  ।񭭮  Bluetooth   ⮬ 砥, ᫨     ன⢮ ࠡ⠥   . 䨪 ᨨ 1.2 ᮢ⨬  ᯥ䨪樥 ᨨ 1.1.

 
ன⢠ Bluetooth  짮, ᫨  ࠢ쭮 ᪮䨣஢. 易⥫쭮 ⠩ 樨 ந⥫ 㤮!  ।⢠ Bluetooth  ࠢ騬 ⨫⠬  ࠬ, 騬 䨣஢ .  ᨬ  믮塞  , , ਤ ᯮ짮 ࠬ  . ਬ,   ⨫ Communication Manager  AT&T Wireless 䨣 㪨, ⮡ ।  ਭ   ।⢮ Bluetooth-ᮢ⨬ ⥫䮭   AT&T Wireless. প Bluetooth  ⠢  Windows XP   ᪮䨣஢ ᮮ⢥騥 ன⢠    ( த⮢ ࠧ ந⥫) 짮⥫᪮ 䥩.
 孨᪨ <> 짮⥫ ࠢ  䨣஢ ன Bluetooth,   ,   孨᪨ ﬨ,  ⨬   㤭. ᫨ ,  -ᯥ樠⮬ ।, ⢥砥  孨 প 짮⥫,  ।⮨ ࠡ  ।묨 ன⢠ Bluetooth,  ࠭ ᪮䨣  ன⢠    ४  ᯮ짮 ஢७   ⠫樮 .
᫨ ன⢮ Bluetooth ᪮䨣஢  ࠧ, ⠭ ᮥ  쭥襬 ⢫ ⮬᪨. 祬,  ன⢠ Bluetooth  訢 ࠧ襭  ⠭ ᮥ  㯫 ᮮ⢥饣  .  㭪  ⪫,    ⮬,     窨 ७ ᯥ祭 ଠ樮 ᭮.
 ᫥ ६ 孮 Bluetooth ࣫ ⪮ ⨪ - ⠪ ⨯ Bluesnarfing, ਢ  ࠦ   ன Bluetooth.  ᠬ   ⮩ 孮 ।ᬮ७ 娥 ⮤ ⥭䨪樨  ஢,  䥪⨢  ⢨   ࠢ쭮 䨣樨 ன  ࠧ㬭 室   ਬ.   뢠  㤮 Wi-Fi, ⠭  㬮砭 ࠬ ࠡ । Bluetooth    ᯥ稢  .
 ᪮쪮 ᮢ⮢  襭 ஢ ଠ樮 ᭮ ⥩ Bluetooth.
1.  ⥣   ⥩. 
2.  ᯮ ன⢠ Bluetooth  । ண 䨤樠 .   ࠢ쭮  䨣樨   ⮩稢 堪 ᯮᮡ 墠  . 
3. ਢ  ன⢠  䨧᪨ 񭭮 . ᫨ 堪 墠 ଠ, ।  室  ᯠਢ,  ᬮ ᯥ譮 ⠪ . 
4.  ᯠਢ ன  ⮫쪮  PIN-. ⭮  㣨 ࠬࠬ  ᯮ  祭  ஢.  ⠥ ⠪ PIN-,  ।⠢ ᮡ 㤭 㣠뢠   쬨   㪢  . 
5. ᫥ ᯠਢ ᪮䨣  ன⢠,  騥 㦥 (㣨 ன⢠ Bluetooth).   ।஦ ⢥ 㤭 祭     뫮  訬 ன⢠. 
6.  㭪 訢 ࠧ襭  ⠭ ᮥ,  ᤥ   孮 Bluetooth  ᭮. 
7. ⪫砩 ।⢠ Bluetooth, ᫨    . 
8. ⬥ ᯠਢ  ﭭ묨  ࠤ묨 ன⢠,     堪  易  㣨 訬 ன⢠,  묨  뫨 ᯠ७.

ਬ ୨ Bluetooth    ᮥ⥫쭮 ஢, 饣  筮 譨 ⮢ ⥫䮭,    ⮬,   ⮩ ୨ (   ⮢ ⥫䮭) ६  ६ 㦭 裂.

 ᫥  Bluetooth
Bluetooth -   ࠧࠡ⠭ 孮 ஢ 裡,    ।祭  । ࠦ  ᮪ ࠧ襭, 몠 䠩  ଠ樨,  ⠪  ᨭ஭樨   .   楫 ࠧࠡ⠭  ᢥப᭠ 孮 UWB,     ७⮬  Bluetooth.  ⫨稥   奬 樨 ࠤᨣ  孮 UWB ।ᬮ७ ᯮ짮 ⪨ ࠤᮢ, ᯥ稢 魮 祭  ப  .   ⮣ ६,  ।⢠ UWB  ப ࠭,  孮 Bluetooth  訥 蠭 ९  뭪 ( 祭  ᪮쪨 )  ⢥    孮,  UWB.



⥭  ன ஢ 

  ६ ࠧࠡ稪 㤮  ஢  ()  㤥﫨   ஥஢ ⥭. ਬ, ⥭  㪮,  ।⠢ ᮡ ஫   設 ᪨ ஢,   뫨 ਥ஢  ⨬쭮 㭪樮஢. ப ᯮ㥬  窠 㯠 ⥭, ।祭  ࠧ񭭮  ࠤᨣ, ࠡ    ஢.
  .  <⥫㠫> ⥭   Airgo Networks, Motia, Vivato  㣨 ந⥫ ⢥  ࠪ⨪ ன ,  ⮬ ᫥   쭮 ⢨. ᫨  饬   ⢮ <⥫㠫> ⥭   ᯮ짮   ⥭  ᨬ,   ᫥   ࠬ.  ⠪  ,   ࠪ⨪ ᨬ 堭,  ᮯ⨢  ४   ஢ .

ࠬ ⥭
 ⥭ 믮  ᭮ 㭪樨.   ,  ८ࠧ ஬   ᪨ ᨣ. ᫥ ⥬ ࠡ뢠 ஢ ன⢮,  १ 祣  ஢ .  । ଠ樨 ⥭ ८ࠧ ᪨ ᨣ  ஬ ,  砥  㦠饥 ࠭⢮.  । ⮪   ࠤ ᯮ ᫮ 奬 樨.
 ⮣,   ⥭ ⢫  㭪樨,   祭 짮⥫    ᪮ । . ᫨ ⥭  㤥  ࠤ  ࠧ, 䥩  (   ஢ ᨣ) ᭨ ᢮ ᨬ ᪮- ।,  ਢ  㬥襭 ந⥫쭮 . 室 ⥭  ᯥ稢 ॡ㥬 ࠤ⨥  ஢ ஢ ᨣ , 室  । 㦨 .
⠪, ᬮਬ ࠬ ⥭.  ⢥   ࠢ ᯮᮡ ࠧࠡ뢠 ⥭ ᨫ ࠤᨣ ࠤ ᯮ ᪨ ய ⥫.  砥 ࠤᨣ ࠢ୮  ᥬ ࠢ, ⮬  ࠬ ࠢ ()   .
樥 ᨫ () ⠪ ⥭ ࠢ 0 ,    㣮 ⥭ ࠦ  模 ⭮⥫쭮 ய ⥫.
 ⥭   ।⠢   嬥୮ ࠦ    嬥 䨪.  ࠭ ⨯ ⥭    ᥭࠢ .  ⥭ ᭠饭  窨 㯠.  ਥ஢ ௥୮ 孮 ,  ⠫쭮 ᪮  砥 ᨣ ࠢ୮  ᥬ ࠢ,     ⮩ ᪮ ( ᯮ짮  न)   㦭,  業 ன 室 ᠬ .  ⮬ ।,   ⠭ ௥୮ 孮 .  ⫨稥  ᪮  ய ⥫  ⮩ ⥭     ⠫쭮 ᪮, . .   ࣨ ࠤ  砥  ਧ⠫, , ᮡ⢥,  ᯥ稢   ᮪  (2,2 )  ࠢ   ய ⥫. 祭  ⥭ ᯮᮡ  쭮 ⢨ ࠤ⥬. ᭠񭭠 ⥭  ⠪  窠 㯠 ᯥ ࠤ⨥ 讣 饭,  ⮬ ஢  祭  ᥤ ⠦  㤥 . ᫨  ⥭ ਥ஢ ਧ⠫쭮,  砥  ᨣ 㤥 ࠭   ⠦.   㢥祭  ⥭  3  ஢ ਭ  ᨣ 㤢.
樠   ஭ࠢ ⥭,  䮪 ஬ ࣨ  㧪 .  ⠪ ⥭ ⭮ 訥 ࠡ᪨ ⥭,    ࣠  ࠤ   40   .  ⥭    25   .

ਠ ॠ樨 ⥭
 ⨬樨 ࠤ  窠 㯠 ।  譨 ⥭.   祭    窠 㯠, ।祭  ௮⨢ ⥩.  ࠫ쭠   裡  頥 ਬ 譨 ⥭  ன⢠, ࠡ騬       5 . ⮬ ࠡ騥    窨 㯠  ਤ ᯮ짮  騬   ⥭.
騥 ந⥫ 祪 㯠, ⠪,   Cisco Systems, Proxim  Symbol Technologies, । ᪮쪮  ⥭  ᢮ த⮢. 㣨  ந⥫,  設⢮ ,  襤  뭮   ᢮ ஢묨 ࠬ, ᭠ ᢮ 窨 㯠 䨪஢묨 ᥭࠢ묨 ⥭. 窠 㯠  Airespace ন 譨 ⥭  ࠡ⠥  ⥣஢ ࠢ ⨭⮩ ⥭,  ᯥ稢  쭮 ⢨, 祬 騥 த.
㪨 ᭠ ஢묨 ⥢묨 ࠬ PC Card  Mini-PCI.    ᥭࠢ ⥭.   㪠 ⠪  ᯮ ਧ⠫쭮, ,  ࠢ, ⠪  ਥ஢  ⥭,   ᭮ 砥   ,    ஭,  㬥蠥 쭮 裡. ⮨ ⬥  FriendlyNET AL1511  Asante, ᭠ 뤢묨 ⥭ Xwing.  ன⢮  ᠬ 让 쭮 裡.   ᠬ 筮,   ⨪쭮 ਥ஢ ⥭ ࠡ ,  ᯥ     ,   室  ࠭  ⢨ .  2,4- ஢ ⥢     祭 譥 ⥭.
஢ ⥢  Mini-PCI 筮 ࠡ⠥  ᯮ  㪥 ⥭.  ࠢ,  ⥭ - 夨-, ..  , 㭪樮騥    2,4  5 . ⥭  ᥣ ࠧ  ਬ ᯫ 㪠,  ⮣  裡   ஢ ⥢ ஬ ॡ ᯮ짮 ,  ஬ ࠤᨣ 㤥  (  ⥭  㪠 ⠢ 3   ). ⮬  ந⥫ ࠧ ⥭ 冷  ஬ Mini-PCI,  ᯮ  ன 㪠.  ᮦ,  ⠪  ⥭ ⮣  ࠡ⠥ 㦥, 祬 ⥭  PC Card.

⥭ ⠭ <⥫㠫쭥>
襩   짮⥫   ,  ⥭ ன  ⥩ ⠭ <⥫㠫쭥>  䥪⨢  ࠡ.
⥩訥 <⥫㠫> ⥭, ।祭  ࠧ񭭮  ࠤᨣ, ப ᯮ  窠 㯠   .  ⥭ ⮨   ⮢ (⥫)  ७ , ᮥ饣  񬭨  ,  ਭ   ᨣ.   㬥 ⨢ 䥪 祢 ࠭ ࠤ, 맢  ࠦ  ࠧ ।⮢,  १ 祣     । ࠤᨣ ⭮ ( ࠧ ६ প) 㯠  室 񬭨 窨 㯠,  ਢ  ᨫ쭮 ᫠ ਭ ᨣ.
 㢥祭  ⢨  ॡ   <⥫㠫> ⥭,   ⭮ 䠧஢ ⥭ ⪨.  ⪮, 饩  讣 ᫠ ⥫, 㤮  Wi-Fi  Vivato.  㭪樮  窠 㯠,   ⪠  ࠤ  ᪮ ன⢮ ⠭ 802.11.  ⥭ ⥬ 㢥稢 쭮 裡 (ᮡ  㫨).  䠧஢ ⥭ ⪨,  ࠢ,  ⥫  ࠧ   ண.
  ਠ ॠ樨 <⥫㠫쭮> ⥭ - ⨢ ⪠.  ⪨ ࠧࠡ뢠 ଠ Motia  㣨 ந⥫.   ਭ ⠬ ⪨ ᨣ 㬭  । ᮢ 樥,  ⥬ 㬬. ⨢ ⪠   ॠ   ⥫쭮 ⥬, ᮥ塞  饬 ன Wi-Fi.
 室  쭮 ᯥ⨢, , ⮡ ⥭樠 稪 ᬮ ᯮ짮 ᥬ २⢠ ⮣   ਠ ஥ <⥫㠫쭮> ⥭, 室  ⢥   ⠭  .  㯯 IEEE 802.11n ࠧࠡ뢠 ⠭   ᫥饣 , ᯥ稢 ᪮ ।   100 /.   ᥣ ⠭ 802.11a  802.11g । ᨬ쭠 ᪮ । 54 /,   ॠ 祭 ⠢ 25-30 /.
⨪ ।,   ⠭ 802.11n 㤥 ।ᬮ७  ᯮ짮 ன ⨯ MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output), ࠡ  ᪮쪨 ⥭.  த 㦥 ࠧࠡ⠭  Airgo.
 㯮⮬ ⠭    㣨 ⢠. ,  প 100-/ ᪮ ।   ⥫ ﭨ ॡ ⢥  MAC-஢ 802.11,  ॢ  ஡  ⭮ ᮢ⨬ ஢ ன.   ࠧ⨥ ⠭ 802.11n     뭪 ন  ன.   ᮪ந⥫묨  (  ᯥ⨢ ⥭) <⥫㠫묨>.



㭪樮஢ ன Wi-Fi  䨧᪮ ஢

ᥭ 1999 . 뫠 ᮧ ࣠ Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (ᥩ   Wi-Fi Alliance), ன ਭ ७ Wi-Fi.  ஢񭭮    ६ -७樨 ।⠢⥫ ⮩ ࣠樨  孮 Wi-Fi ஢  Ethernet (wireless Ethernet).     ୠ⮢ ᮬ  ࠢ쭮 ⠪ ࠢ,  뫮 ᪠,  孮 Wi-Fi  Ethernet 祭 宦, ᪮   ।ᬮ७ ७  㧫   । ।     饣  ॠ樨 쭮 ஢.
 室⢮  孮  ⮬  稢.  ⢥ ⫨   㣠  䨧᪮ ஢. ᫨ 䨪 ⥩ Ethernet        ⢨ 譥 । ᪨  ᪨ ,  䨪 ⥬ Wi-Fi ।  ࠤ   ⮬ থ ﭨ   ⬮ ᠤ,   ࠫ ࠡ ⥬.
ந⥫ । Wi-Fi   ஢  ஡   ࠡ, 易   䨧᪨ ஢.  ⮣  ન  ⠫樨  ⥢ ⥣樨 㤮 Wi-Fi.  ᫥    ஡ , ⮡ ᯥ譮 ࠢ 訬 ஢묨  (), 㦭  ࠧ  ᭮ ࠤ孨.   㬥⭮ ஢   ﬨ Ethernet,  䥪⨢ ஢  室    ஢  ⥬.

᭮ ࠤ裡
   㥬    , ன⢠ Wi-Fi 㫨 । ᨣ.   ࠧ ⮤ 樨  ८ࠧ 砥   ஢ ᨣ   ࠤ.  ।    㫨஢ 饩   鸞 䠪஢,  ⮬ ᫥  ਭ  ய᪠  裡  ⨯ ᯮ㥬 ⮤ 樨.  ࠢ  묨 ⮤ ( 奬) 樨 (ਬ, BPSK, ॠ㥬 1-/ ன⢠ ), ᫮ ⮤ 樨 (ਬ, 64-QAM, ন 54-/ 㤮) ᯥ稢  ᮪ ᪮ । .   ᯮ짮 ᫮ ⮤ 樨 ⮩稢 ࠡ ࠤ⥬  ⢨ 㬠 ᭨.
᪮   ࠭  ⬮ ࠤᨣ 堥, ࠧࠡ稪  짮⥫ ࠤ⥬ 室 ᪠ ஬  ᪮ ।   쭮 裡.   ⬮  ॥, 祬 ࠤ ᨣ, । 묨   ਤ (⮢  ᨠ)  ⥬.
 Wi-Fi ࠡ  業㥬 ( )   2,4-2,4835 (ISM-); 5,15-5,35  5,725-5,825  (UNII-). ਭ  ய᪠ ࠤ ⥬ Wi-Fi ࠢ 22 .
ன⢠, ।祭  ࠡ  業㥬 ,   ஥஢ ⠪ ࠧ, ⮡ ᢮   ⭮ ⨢ ﭨ (  㭪樮஢)  .  ⮩ 稭 ன⢠ Wi-Fi   室 魮  ⮩稢  ⢨  祭 ᨫ ,  ᮧ 㣨 ன⢠, 㭪樮騬  ⮬  .
⮩稢 ன Wi-Fi ᯥ稢 ७ ᯥ । ᨣ.  ⥬, ॠ騥 孮 ७ ᯥ, ࠡ 쭮 񦭮,   ᮧ ⮢ ,  ⮫  ஡  ࠡ  ன, 맢묨 堬.
 ன⢮ Wi-Fi,    PC Card, ஢ ⥢   ⮫쭮   窠 㯠, 㭪樮  񬮯।稪, . . ।  ਭ ࠤᨣ. ⮨ ⬥,  5- ࠤᨣ ன ⠭ 802.11a  ᨫ쭥, 祬 2,4- ᨣ, ᮡ     ࠭  ⥭  㣨 ꥪ.
 ⮣  񬭨 室 ࠡ  祭 ᫠묨 ᨣ,   뢠 ⢨ ࠤ 㬮.    筨 ⭮ ᮪᪮⭮ 業ࠫ  㪠  ஢ .  ᮢ६ ࠤ⥬ 㭪樮   祭  ⭮襭 ᨣ/.

  模
室 魮 ࠤ孨᪨ ன 筮   .  ⫨稥  ८⥬,    室 魮 500 , 㤮 Wi-Fi 砥 ⥫쭮   ᨣ -  200 . ᪮ ࠤ।⢠ ࠡ  묨 ᨣ,  । ࠦ  ஢  䬨᪨ , 뢠 模 ().  । ஢ ᨣ  ⭮襭    ᯮ ᮪饭 <> (dBm). ஢ ᨣ  0  ᮮ⢥ 魮 1 .
᫨ 魮 ᨣ  1 ,  ஢ ⥫. ਬ, ⢨⥫쭮 ஢ ⥢  ⠭ 802.11b  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 2 /  ࠢ -90 .
    ୮ ࠪ⨪ ࠢ. 祭  㬥襭 ஢ ᨣ  3  砥 㢥祭  㬥襭  魮   ࠧ. 祭  ஢ ᨣ  10  ᮮ⢥ ⨪⭮ 㢥祭  魮.  ࠧ, ᫨ 0  ࠢ 1 ,  10  - 10, 20  - 100  30  - 1000 ,  1 .    ࠢ ᫮ ।,  ஢ ᨣ  23  ᮮ⢥ 魮 200 .

ᨫ  
 ⠢ ࠤ।稪 室 ᨫ⥫ 魮, 騥 ஢ । ᨣ.  㢥祭 쭮 裡 ࠧࠡ稪 ஢ 㤮    室 魮,   ⮬    室  ।  (ॣ㫨騬 ࣠) ࠭祭  ࠪ⨪ ⮣ 㤮.  , 祬  室 魮, ⥬  ॡ ࣨ ( ᮪頥 ப 㦡 २ 㪠)  ᥨ ⥯ ( ॢ ᨫ쭥).
쭮 裡      ਬ ࠢ ⥭.  ⥭ 䮪 । ᨣ  ।񭭮 ࠢ  ᯥ稢 襭 ஢ ਭ ᨣ.
⮡ ஢  㭪樮஢ ଠ쭮, 㬬୮ ᨫ  ன    堭 । ࠤᨣ. 堭 ࠤᨣ  ⬮ ( 稭  ᥨ  ) 뢠 ﬨ  ᢮ ࠭⢥.
 ,  ࠡ ,    㣨  ,  ⮬ ᫥ , ᫮ 饭 (⥭, ⠦묨 ४ﬨ  ﬨ), ᥨ (- 堮᪨ ࠦ  ࠧ 孮⥩)  ࠪ樥 ( ࠢ ࠭   宦  १ ꥪ, ਬ, ⥪ﭭ ⥭) ࠤ. ஢     ࠤᨣ. ਬ, 5- ࠤᨣ 頥 ⠦묨 ४ﬨ  ⥭ ᨫ쭥, 祬 2,4-.
  ⠭ ࠤ裡    ।  ࠬ஢ 㤮   । ᨣ,  ࠡ    ⠪ 䠪,  祢 ࠭ ࠤ, 맢  ࠦ  ࠧ ।⮢.  १ ⮣     । ࠤᨣ ⭮ ( ࠧ ६ প) 㯠  室 񬭨,   ⥫쭮 ᫠ ਭ ᨣ.
 த ᪠ ⮤   ⨢ 䥪⮬ 祢 ࠭ ࠤ.   ⮩ 楫  ன⢠ Wi-Fi ᭠饭  ⥭,   .  設⢥ 砥 񦭮 ࠡ ࠤ⥬  祢 ࠭   樨  ࠤ񬭨.  ⮩ 稭 ஢ ⥢   ᮪ 室 魮  㯠  쭮 ⢨   襩 魮,   襭묨 ﬨ ࠡ  ᫮ 祢 ࠭ ࠤ.

 ஢
ࠬ,    ࠧ ࠦ  模 祭 魮 ।稪  ⢨⥫쭮 񬭨, 뢠 ⥬ ᨫ 㤮  ⮬ ࠤ. , ᮮ⢥騩 ⠭ 802.11b ⥢  Cisco Aironet  ᨬ 室 魮 20 ,  ⢨⥫쭮 ࠤ񬭨 窨 㯠 Cisco 1200 ⠢ -85  ( ᨬ쭮 ய᪭ ᯮᮡ 11 /). ⥫쭮,  ᯮ짮 ⮣ 㤮  ࠤ ࠢ 105 .
 筮 ᮪ ⭮襭 ᨣ/ ய᪭ ᯮᮡ ⥬ Wi-Fi 㬥蠥 -  訡      ୮ ।. ⮡ ࠭  ⨢ ,   㬥襭 ஢ ਭ ᨣ ⥬ Wi-Fi ⮬᪨ 室   䥪⨢ ⮤ 樨, ᭨ ⥬ ᠬ ᢮ ᨬ ᪮ ।  ( ⮬ ⮩稢 蠥).  ⥬ ⠭ 802.11b ᨬ쭠 ᪮ ᭨ ⥯ -  11  5,5 /, ⥬  2 , ,  1 /.   ஢ ᨣ  墠   ࠡ ⥬  ᪮ 1 /,  뢠.
 ᭮ 㭪樮஢ ࠤ⥬   䥪⨢ ᯮ짮 ।⢠ ᫥  ࠧ뢠   ।⢠ ᪠ ࠢ⥩   ࠡ  ⥬ ᠬ  ஢  㦨 ⮩ .



 ନ Wi-Fi

WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) - ஢ 쭠 .  ⮣ ᮪饭  祭 ஢ ⥩ ࠧ ⠡ 㯮ॡ ନ WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network)  WWAN (Wireless Wide Area Network). WPAN,  ஢ ᮭ쭠 , 㦨  裡   ਩묨 ன⢠ (,   ..).   ⭥ ⠭ Bluetooth  IrDa,  ᯥ稢   ﭨ  10 ஢. WWAN - 쭠 ஢ , 㦨  祭 ⥩ த᪨ ⠡.  襩 ,  ନ 㯮ॡ  ⥩ 饣.
Wi-Fi. , ஥   㤮, ন饣 ⠭ 802.11b, 稫  - Wi-Fi-. ⮨ 㯮   ᭮ ᮡ ⠭ 802.11b. ᫨     砥     ᪮ (稭    㤠񭭮  ᨫ쭮 ᫠ ࠤᨣ 㦠饩 ।), ᪮ ।  ࠭稢   ⠫ 짮⥫  ஢ ᪮  .  ࠭祭 ⠭  ᯥ祭 ⠡쭮 ० 㯠  ⮢   堭 롮 ᪮   짮⥫,  ᯮ  ⠭ CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance).  ᫥⢨, ᪮ ।    ᮪᪮⭮ 祭  㯠  11 /  1 /.   ᪮  ਥ  㯥  ୥,  ᪮ 祭  ஢ ࠢ   ண  Wi-Fi-,   砥  ⥭ᨢ ࠡ  쭮 .
WNIC (Wireless Network Interface Card) - ஢ ⥢ , ⠪  㯮ॡ ନ <஢ ⥢ 䥩>.
WAP AP (Wireless Access Point) - 㧥 ஢ 㯠  <窠 㯠>.  㤮  ⢮ ஢ ࠡ稬 ⠭  ᠬ 㦥 饩 쭮  (Ethernet).  窮 室 (⮬)  ஢        ।  ⥢ ⢨ ஢ ⮢  ࠡ   ० , 㧥 㯠  믮  ࠭⥫ 㭪樨  ⨢ ஢ ⮢.
SSID (Service Set Identifier) - 䨪 ஢ . ᬮ  ࠡ  ⠭⨧樨 ஢ ⥩   孮  ⭠  ࠧ ,  ⮬ ᫥   .  ந⥫ 㤮  ணࠬ ᯥ祭  祭     ⨩ ᯮ ࠧ ନ,   맢 ஥ 饭  짮⥫. ਬ,   ନ <䨪 SSID> ᯮ ᫥騥 :   (Network Name  ᮪. NN), ।⥫쭠  (Preferred Network), 䨪 ESSID,   㦨 ஢ .
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) - ⮤ 筮 ஢ । . ᭮  ⬥ RC4. ⥬ ࠢ⥫ 樠 ணࠬ ஢  祭ﬨ: ஬ 樠樨 (IV)  ᥪ 箬.   稢襣  १ 饣  ᪫뢠  ᮮ⢥騬 ⮬ ⥫ (㧪)   ਬ ᪮ 樨 XOR.    ஢ ⥢   祭 IV, ਬ񭭮   ஢.  ᫥饣  롨ࠥ 㣮 祭 IV.  ஢    ஢ ᮮ饭  饣  ⠪ ਬ  XOR.  १ 砥 ஢ .
 樠樨 - IV (Initialization Vector). 祭   24 , 㥬 砩 ࠧ.
ICV (Integrity CheckValue) - ஫쭠 㬬 .
 (Media Access Control) -  .
VPN - 񭭮 ⥢ ᮥ, ᯮ饥 ⮪ ஢  㭭஢  ᮧ ᭮ 祭   ⭮ . ᯮ  ࠡ  ⥭樠쭮  㭨樮 ।,    墠  (ਬ,  ୥).
 ਯ⮧.  XOR   ᮮ饭, ஢ 묨 ࠬ 祭 ᥪ⭮      ,  XOR  ᮮ⢥騬 ஢ . ᫥ 祣 ᠬ 室   ⠭.
⥬ 㦥 থ - NIDS (Network Intrusion Detection System).
⥬-誨 - Honeypot, Honeynets.
WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access).   <६ ⮪ 楫⭮ 祩> - TKIP (Temporary Key Integrity Protocol). , 蠥 TKIP:   ୮ ᯮ짮  祩.  ⨣ ᪮  ᯮ㥬  WEP ᪮   箬, ᫥  ᭮ ண ᥪ⭮ ,  樠樨  浪  ⥢ .  ।ᬮ७ ⥫쭠 ஢ઠ 楫⭮ ᮮ饭 - MIC (Message Integrity Check),  ன   묨 묨 뢠 MAC  筨  ⥫.
 ࠭ (firewall).    ᮢ,    । 窮,-   롮  ࠭஬ ⨯ <Stateful Inspection>  <Stateful Packet Inspection> (SPI).  ⢥   㦭 ।⠢,  ࠡ⠥ ⨧.
 ன⢠ ॡ⥫᪮ ஢ ᭮  ࠭樨 ⥢ ᮢ (Network Address Translation, NAT).  孮  ⢫ ⢥  ஢ 쭮  (    ᮡ⢥ ७ IP-)  ୥, ᯮ  譨 IP-, 祭  ஢. NAT ᯥ稢 ᭮ 㭪樨 ࠭, ய᪠   ⮫쪮    ୥,  㯨  १     쭮 . ᪮ NAT ࠧ㬥 ᬮ ⨧஬ ᮤন  室饣 ,  祬  ⠪ ०  ⭥  SPI?
 ᠬ         筮 ⢥, 筮  易  ࠢ ᯮ짮 ନ  ᠭ ࠭ த⮢  ᭮ NAT. ஬ ⮣, ।᪮ 㯠⥫ 쬠 ஡筮 㡥  ࠡ SPI.  ࠪ᪮ 窨 ७ ࠧ稥 NAT  SPI  ⮫ ,   砥  ⮬,  㦭 짮⥫. ⨧ ॡ⥫᪮ ஢   SPI 筮 ⫨  ᢮ த⢥ NAT 稥 ⠪ ,  㢥  ⠪  ஭ ,    ⮣ ࠢ   ᪫祭. ஬ ⮣,  㪢 SPI,  ந⥫   ⮨ ᢮ 㤮.
: ᫨ ⢥ ࠧ稥 㭪樮쭮 ன  稥 SPI    ,  롨ࠩ   ⮬ 砥, ᫨   ᯮ짮 ७ࠢ ⢠ ⮢  ⢫   ७ ࢥ  ୥.  ⨢ 砥 <> NAT c   ᥬ ࠢ.
ᮡ  WAN.  ᭨   NAT  SPI, ३   ࠪ᪨ 頬 - ਬ,    ୥?
ਬ砭:  ப  (broadband modem)   ன⢮  祭  ୥, ᯮ饥   ᯮᮡ ப᭮ 裡.       뤥 .
 ᮥ. 設⢮ ⨧஢ 㤮 ⮬ 10BaseT Ethernet  祭  ப᭮ . 祬  10/100?  ⮬,  設⢮ ᮥ ࠡ  ᪮ 1-2 /,  襬 砥, ⮬ ந⥫   , ᯮ 稯  10BaseT.   㤮 ᫥⥫ ⮬  WAN-ᮥ,   ᯮ짮  ᮢ⭮  묨  ( 㥬 )  ᮮ⢥騬   뤥  ( ISDN-ࠬ).   ন 㭪 ⮬᪮ ⠭ १ࢭ  ᮥ <auto-failover>  ࠧ뢥 ᭮ 祭  ⮬᪮ ४祭 ⭮  ⠭ ᫥.
祭 ࠬ஢ IP.  ⨧ 㦥 ਮ    , 㦭  ࠧ 㡥,   ন ⮤ 祭 IP-  ⨯ ⥭䨪樨, ᯮ㥬 ஢஬. 砫 ⨬  ᯮᮡ  IP-,     ன, ⥬ ᬮਬ ⮤ ⥭䨪樨.
᪨ IP- (Dynamic IP).  ⮬ ᯮᮡ,  ⠪ 뢠 <DHCP->, ⨧ ⮬᪨ 砥 ᢮ IP-,    㬮砭  ࢥ DNS.  ᯮᮡ 筮 ப ࠭ -  ।⠢ ஢    䨣஢ ᢮ . ⨢ ஭ 砥  ⮬,  祭 IP-  ᬥ   ,  㤠 ਫ, ࠡ騥  ᭮ IP--ᮢ,  ᬮ ࠡ.  ,   ஡  ஢ ᪮ DNS, ਬ TZO,       ᨬ  ⥪饣 IP-.
᪨ IP- (Static IP).  ⮤ 쭮 室  ,  ᮡࠥ ᯮ짮 ࢥ    뢠  ᪨ DNS.  ॡ ᠬ⥫쭮 㪠 IP-,    㬮砭   ࢥ DNS, ।⠢ ஢஬.  ਠ ।⠢   ஢,  ,  ।⠢,     ⥫ .
⮤ ⥭䨪樨. ,  ஢஢  ⢮ ᯮᮡ  ஢ન  짮⥫. ᬮਬ  ࠭  .
 㥬   ISDN. 짮⥫   ᯮᮡ, ⭮, ⨫,   ⨧  ᫥⥫ ⮬  ࠧ ன 㤠񭭮 㯠  ⠪   㪠  ⥫䮭 ஢,  짮⥫  ஫.
  MAC-.  ன⢠, 騥 IP-ᮬ,   MAC-. MAC- 㭨   ⥢ 㤮 ( ࠩ , ।,   㭨)  ᯮ   ᢮ IP-ᮢ. MAC- (⠪    䨧᪨)    ⭠ࠧ來  ( ,  ). ⮡ ᯥ 㭨쭮 MAC-ᮢ,  ந⥫ ⥢ 㤮 뤥 ᢮ ,     ࠬ  ᢠ 砩 ࠧ.
ਬ砭: MAC-   ᠭ     .  ਢ  ਠ    ⮣  MAC-:
00fe3c812eab
00-fe-3c-81-2e-ab
00:fe:3c:81:2e:ab
MAC-  ⢨⥫  ॣ, ⮬   ᠭ  ᯮ짮  , ⠪   㪢 (A-F).
஢, ᯮ騥  ,  ਬ   ⮤ ⥭䨪樨 -     ,   ᯮ  .   ᮬ ,  ⮫쪮  ⠥    㣮   ⨧. ⮬ ᫨ ᮥ ⠫ ࠡ ࠧ ᫥ ⠭  㤮  १ ஥ ६ ᫥ ⮣,  ⭮,  ஢ ஢ ⥭䨪   MAC-.
 ⮤  筨 ஡:  ⠭  ⨧ 室  ஢  ᮮ  MAC-  㦡 প,  ਢ  ⥫ ६ প.  ஢   ᢮   -ᮢ , ᯮ㥬  묨 ⨧ࠬ,    ᯮ짮. (஬ ⮣,  ஢ ᫥ MAC- ன, 室  ,  ⪫ ⨧  ।०  ᭥).
 , ࠧࠡ稪 ⨧஢ ਤ㬠 室 襭 - ᥣ ࠪ᪨    ⮬᪨ <஢> - ,  ஬  ,   㪠뢠  ࠭ ᯮ짮襣   ⢥ 譥 -.  ᯮᮡ   室   㦡 প.
 PPPoE. ⮪ Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet ( PPPoE)  ⭮⥫쭮  ⮤ ⥭䨪樨.  த ᯮᮡ⢮ DSL-஢- ୥.  ⮤ ॡ  㪠   ஫,  ᯮ ⮪, 騩 믮 ⥭䨪, ਭ  ஫ ⢠ 㠫 祭.   ஢ 砥  ᫥  ந  ࠧ쭮  짮⥫.  ⠪   ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨  ७ ࠧ ᪮쪮 IP--ᮢ.    ࠭. 設⢮ 짮⥫ । ⠭ ⨧  NAT  室  ୥  ᪮쪨 ஢.
PPPoE ᥣ ন   ⨧,  ⢮ ॠ樨,   ⠡쭮 ࠡ, ᨫ쭮 ⫨砥.  ஡ PPPoE 易  訢 ⨧஢,  -  ࠧﬨ  ॠ PPPoE ஢ࠬ. ᫨ ஢ ᯮ PPPoE,  ⮨ 롨 ⨧   প,  ⠪  ᫥騬 ﬨ:
஫ 祭 (Connection Controls).    ᪮쪮 ࠧ ࠬ஢, ⢥  த⥫쭮 ঠ ᮥ  砥 ⢨ ⥢ ⨢  ⢨  ࠧ뢥 ᮥ. 設⢮ ⨧஢ ஥  㬮砭 ⠪, ⮡ ⮬᪨ ⠭ ᮥ  㦥 ⥢ ⨢,   ⨧஢ Linksys   뭥ᥭ  ன <Connecton Demand> (祭  ॡ). ࠬ <Maximum Idle Time> (ᨬ쭮 ६ ) । ६, १ ஥ ⨧ ࠧ ᮥ  ⢨ ⥢ ⨢.  <Auto-Reconnect> (⮬᪮ ⠭ ᮥ)  ⨧ ⮬᪨ ⠭ ᮥ   ࠧ뢥.
࠭ ᮥ (Keep Alive).     ஡ ᮥ PPPoE 砥  筮  ᠬந ࠧ뢠.  ஢ ࠧ뢠 ப᭮ ᮥ ७, ⠪   ஢ 㥬 㯠, ᫥ ண ਮ ⨢,  㣨  ࠢ쭮 ஥ ࢥ PPPoE. 㭪 <Keep Alive>  ন ᮥ, 뫠   १  ஬⪨ ६.
㣨 ࠬ ⥭䨪樨 (Other Authenticationneeds).  ஢ PPPoE ॡ ᪮  IP- / <Service Name> ( 㦡).  롮 ⨧ 㡥,   ন  室 㭪樨.
 㧫 (Host Name). ⮤ ⥭䨪樨   㧫 ᯮ짮 ஢஬ @Home   ,    ᯠ.  ⮬ 砥 ॡ ⠭ <Host Name> ( 㧫) ( Windows  뢠 < > (Computer Name))  뤠 ஢஬  . @Home     㯭 ஢஢, ⮬ 設⢮ ⨧஢ ন    ⨧  ᫥ ।  ஢  ⢥  .
TAS. TAS ஢뢠  <Toshiba Authentication Service>  ⠪ ⥭  <RR login>. ⮪ ਬ ⥭䨪   짮⥫/஫, ᯮ  ⮣   ணࠬ,   ࠡ  , 񭭮  쭮 . 設⢮ ⨧஢  ⮪  ন (த ZyXEL   - Netgear  ᪫祭ﬨ). ᫨  ஢ ᯮ   ᯮᮡ ⥭䨪樨,     ᪠ ⨧   প,  ᪠ - 室 .
ࢥ DHCP.   ⨧஢ ন ࢥ DHCP,  祬  ⮬᪮ ।⠢ ⠬ 쭮  ஥ TCP/IP, 室  祭 㯠  ୥.   ⨧    ஥ DHCP-ࢥ, ⮬    ᫥饥:
ᮢ (Address Range control).  ࠬ ।   ᮢ,  । ࢥ.    㪠 ⮫쪮 砫  . 㣨  㪠 砫   . ᫥ 襭       ᯮ  ⮬,  뤠 ࢥ஬   䫨⮢  ᪨ 묨 ᠬ  .
ࢨ஢ IP-ᮢ (IP reservation).  ⮬ 㭪    ᮢ DHCP-ࢥ,  㤥 १ࢨ஢,-    뤠  .
  (Domain Name). DHCP-ࢥ ⠪ ࠧ  DNS-ࢥ஢ ஢,    ந    ࠧ ⠬  . ᫨ ஢  㪠뢠   (FQDN)  ᢮ ࢥ (ਬ,  @Home),   ਤ ᠬ ந  㭪, ⮡  쭮   ࠡ  ⮩, ﬨ  㣨 ࢨᠬ.
ਬ砭: FQDN 砥  ᥡ  㧫,   ଠ   孥 ஢, ਬ, www.home.com,  mail.ho-me.com. -FQDN  筮 ᮤন ⮫쪮  , ਬ mail, news, POP3.
祭/몫祭 (Enable/Disable).  ࠬ ⢥砥  祭/몫祭 DHCP-ࢥ.  㤥   ᯮ짮  ஢ ⨧   稨 DHCP-ࢥ  .
᮪ ⮢ (Client Listing).  室 㧭,    .  㭪,  , 뢠 ᮮ⢥⢨ IP-ᮢ MAC-ᠬ  ⮢ DHCP-ࢥ, 稢   .   ⠪  ᬮ  -, 믮 ਭ㤨⥫쭮  ᮢ  ⪫ .
७ࠢ ⮢, 㠫 ࢥ (Port Mapping, Forwarding, Virtual Server). ,    ⢮ 㣨 ,    ⮣  :  㭪  ⠢    ࠭.  ॡ  設⢠ ୥-ਫ,  室  ।   譥 ᥣ  (WAN)  ७ (LAN).
 ᪮쪮 ᯮᮡ ॠ樨 ७ࠢ ⮢,  롮 ⮨ 室  ॡ ᯮ㥬 ਫ. ᬮਬ ⨯ ७ࠢ ⮢.
᪮ ७ࠢ ⮢ (Static Single Ports).  ⥩ ଠ ७ࠢ ⮢.   ᯮ짮 室  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⠬, ᯮ㥬묨 ਫﬨ  IP-ᠬ 設,    ਫ ࠡ.  १  ᭠㦨  IP- 襣 ⨧ 㤥 ⮬᪨ ७ࠢ  㪠 ७ ࢥ.  ⨧  । ⠪ ᯮ㥬  ⮣ ⮪ (TCP  UDP). 㣨 ⮬᪨ ந ७ࠢ    ⮪.
ਬ砭: ᪨  ७ࠢ  ⮫쪮   IP-. 㣨 ᫮, ᫨ ᪮쪨 짮⥫ 室 ᯮ짮     ਫ,  ᫨    ᪮쪮 ࢥ஢  ⨯,      ਤ ⢮ ᢮ .  ਫ  ,  - .
 ࠧ, ᫨    ਫ,   ᯮ  -  (ਬ, web-  ftp-ࢥ),   ᯮᮡ  ਥ.  ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ७ࠢ塞 ⮢  ࠧ  ࠧ , 筮 ன⢠     ⠪ ⮢.
᪮ ७ࠢ 㯯 ⮢ 宦  묨 ⠬, ⮫쪮   砥,  㪠뢠  ⤥ ,   㯯.   ०, ७ࠢ  ⮢  ⮫쪮   IP-.     ⮬ 砥, ᫨ 室 ᯥ ࠡ ਫ, ᯮ 讥 ⢮ ⮢, ਬ,   㤨/७権.  ⢮ 㯯 ⮢ ⠪      㣮,  筮 ⠪ ।  .
ਧ , 譨 ࢥ (DMZ, Exposed Server).  㭪  㠫쭮  , 室騩  쭮 ,     ࠭. ભ ᫮ <㠫쭮>, ᪮  ᠬ  設 䨧᪨  񭭮  ᥣ LAN. 㣨 ᫮,  ⮬ 砥 ⢫ ७ࠢ  ⮢   ७ IP-.  㭪 ⢫ ७ 訢 ⨧,         ࠡ⠥  ࠧ.
᪮ ७ࠢ ⮢ (Dynamic, Triggered Mapping).   ⮩ 㭪樨 砥  㣮  - <Special Applications> (樠 ਫ).   㭪樨 ࠢ  ८ ࠭祭 ᪮ ७ࠢ,      ७ࠢ ⮫쪮   ७ IP-. ன 믮 筮 ⠪ ,   砥 ᪨ ਢ燐,  ᪫祭 㪠 ᢮⢠ <trigger> (  ⮪). ᫥ ⨢樨  㭪樨 ⨧ ᫥  室騬 䨪,    ⥬ 䨪 쭮 ᥣ,  ࠢ  ୥  ᮮ⢥  . ᫨ ⠪ 䨪 㦥,  ⨧  IP- ,  ண 室  䨪.  㯫  ⭮,   ᥣ, 砥 ७ࠢ ⮢,   ய᪠ . ᫥ 襭 । ७ࠢ ⪫砥,   㣮   ᮧ  ७ࠢ 㦥  ᢮ IP-.  ࠧ, ᮧ  ⮣,  ࠧ ᪮쪮 ஢ ६ ᯮ ७ࠢ   ⮣  ,   ᠬ     ६ ⮫쪮    ᯮ짮 ७ࠢ.
ਬ砭: ᮡ⨥,  ஬ ⢫ ᪮ ७ࠢ  ந室  ७ ᥣ , ⮬   ᯮ짮  ࣠樨 ࠡ ᪮쪨 ࢥ஢, 室  ᥣ LAN  ᯮ  . 㣨 ᫮, ᫨ 室, ⮡ ࠡ⠫  web-ࢥ, 㦭 ந ᪨ ७ࠢ   ࠧ   ᮮ⢥騬 ࠧ ந ࢥ.
ਬ砭: ᪨ ७ࠢ ४᭮ 室  㦡, ᯮ ⪮६   । , ᪮ ᫨   ᯮ ७ࠢ  ,     ६ 㣮  ७ࠢ ⮣  ᯮ짮  . ᫨ 㦭 ந ࠡ ਫ,  室 ﭭ ⮪ , (ਬ ⮪ 㤨  , ୥-⥫䮭   㣮),     ⥫쭮 ६,  ᪮ ७ࠢ  ⮬ 砥  .
ਢ離 ࢥ Loopback (Mapped Server, Loopback). ᫨  ⨧ ஥ ७ࠢ ⮢  ࢥ, 室騥  ᥣ LAN,      ⮣  ᥣ  筮  - 㪠 ७ IP- ࢥ. 짮⥫, 室騥  㣮 ஭ ⨧ - WAN,    ࢥ १ 譨  ⨧.
㭪 <Loopback>  짮⥫, 室騬  ७ ᥣ,   ⠪ ࢥ  譥 IP-- ⨧ (  , ᫨  ).    짮⥫, 室   쭮   ࢥ஬,  室  ७ ,    ࢥ 筮 ⠪ ,  ᥬ ⠫ 짮⥫, 室騬 ᭠㦨 ⨧.
஫ 㯠, 䨫 ⮢ (Access Control, Port filtering).    室 ࠭稢  짮⥫,    ࢨᠬ ୥: ਬ, ࠧ  ⮫쪮  ஭   ⮫쪮  web-࠭栬.  ⮩ 楫    ⨧஢   ࠭祭 㯠. ⠥  ᫥騬 ࠧ:  㯯 짮⥫ ( ᠬ   㯯 IP-ᮢ). ⥬   㯯 㪠뢠 ࢨ (ᯮ㥬  ),  ࠧ蠥 ᯮ짮 㯯.
  ⨧஢  ॠ ࠧ ஢ ஫,  筮   ࠧ  ⮫쪮  㪠 㯯 ࢨᮢ (ࠬ ⮢),  ࠧ   ᥬ, ஬ 㪠 㯯.  짮⥫ ⠥ ᯮ짮 ࠧ 㦡, ਬ AOL Instant Messenger,    㤥 ࠡ.    ࠭  짮⥫,   뫨 ।०  䨫樨. ⮬   ⨧஢   砥  ᮮ饭  ⮬,    ⮩ 㦡 .
筮 ⨧    㯯,  ⢮ ⮢  㯯 ࠧ砥.    ६ 㪠뢠  ⮫쪮  ,    , 㣨 - ⮫쪮  .
設⢮   ⮫쪮  ஢  ⪫,   ন ⠪ ஢ ⮢  ᯨᠭ. 筮,  ᯨᠭ  ᫨誮 , 筮  ࠭稢  ਮ ६  㪠  ,    䨫 ᯮ.
࠭祭/䨫 ᮤঠ (Content Control, Content filtering).  㭪 ।祭  ࠭祭 㯠 짮⥫ 쭮   ᠬ ୥.  宦  ⠪ ணࠬ,  Cybersitter, NetNanny, CyberPatrol  㣨,   ࠭祭  .     㪠 URL  IP-    ࠧ  ⮫쪮  . 㣨 ন ᯮ짮 ᯨ᪮ 䨫樨   ᯮ짮 ⠪ ᯨ᪨   .   ⠪  ந   䨫  ࠡ  ᯨᠭ.
VPN (Virtual Private Networking).  ﭭ ⮬   ᭮  ⥩,  প VPN ⠭   㠫쭮, ᮡ  ᠥ ,  室         ⨭  砥 ஢.  ࣠樨    ᢮    ᯮ짮 孮 VPN. ந⥫ ⨧஢ ⢥⨫   襭  VPN প   ᢮ ன⢠.  㭭஢  ⨧ ᨫ쭮 ࠧ    , ⮬ 室 ࠭ , প  ⨯ 㭭  室.
⮪ (Protocols).    ᯮ㥬 ⮪  ᮧ VPN -  PPTP  IPsec. PPTP (ন  Microsoft) ন  ⨧  ,  ᥣ 設⢮  ⠪ ন  IPsec. ⨩ ⮪, L2TP, ࠭  ⠪ ப, ⮬ ᫨  祭 VPN ᯮ   ⮪,  㡥    প ⨧஬.
宦 (Pass-Thru). ⥩ ଠ প VPN -  ᯥ祭 ᪢ 宦 㭭 १ ⨧. ⨧, ন騩  ०, ய᪠ १ ᥡ 㫨஢  ,  ᬠਢ  ᮤন.  ⮫쪮 ந ᮮ⢥饥 ᪮     ७ ᥣ, ⮡   쭮   ᢮   ࢥ VPN ᭠㦨. 設⢮ ந⥫ ,    ন 宦 㭭 VPN,   ᠬ     ⭮.  ஡   訡 訢 ⨧,   易   ࠡ ⮪ VPN १ ⨧ NAT.
: १ ⨧ NAT   ࠡ 祭 VPN, ᯮ騥 ⥭䨪  IPsec (IPsec Header Authentication)   IPsec  㫨஢ ஢ FMZ.
 ⨧ ࠧ   ய᪠ 㭭.   ⠪ 筮   짮⥫,     ஫   ࣠権, ᯮ ᮥ  ᪮쪨 ᠬ.    ন 宦 ⮫쪮  㭭    ६, 㣨  ய᪠ ࠧ ᪮쪮.   ய᪠ ᪮쪮 㭭 ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨  ࠢ   ࢥ VPN.    㤭     ᬮ ⠭ 祭   ࠧ 㤠 VPN-ࢥࠬ.
  室 㭪,  VPN,-   ᯮ짮 ࢥ஢ VPN  . ⢥,  ⮣ 室 㤥 ⠭ ७ࠢ ⮢,   ࢥ  DMZ,  ᫨ ⨧  ,    ᯥ樠쭮 ஥묨 ⠬  VPN,   ᬮ   ࢥ. ⮬, ᫨ 室 ⠭ ࢥ VPN  ⨧஬  ,  ᭠砫 ⮨ 㡥,  ⨧ ন 宦 㭭 PPTP  IPsec .
筠 窠 (End Point). ஥  ⮩ 㭪樨 - <VPN Edge>.  뢠 ᯮᮡ ⨧ ᮧ  ࠧ뢠 㭭쭮 ᮥ.   ⨧  ⠭ 㭭 ᠬ,    ᯮ짮 ணࠬ ᯥ祭  VPN  ᪨ . ஬ ⮣, ᯮ   (  ) ⨧,  ᮧ 㭭쭮 ᮥ   ﬨ  ᯮ짮 - ⥫쭮 ணࠬ  ⭮ ᯥ祭.
 ⠪  뫠 㯭  ன⢠ ⮨  $500,  ᥣ     ன,   襢 $100  ন  窨 VPN.  ਬ, SMC 7004.
 롮 ⨧  ⠪  ᫥ 㡥  稨 筮 窨 PPTP, ᫨   㦭 (  ন   ⮫쪮  IPsec,   PPTP    宦 㭭). ஬ ⮣, ᫨ 室  㯠  , ਬ,  ६ , 㡥  稨   ⠢ ᪮ ਫ VPN, ᫨  室.
ୠ஢ (Logging). ୠ஢ -  ᯮᮡ ⨧ <᪠>,   믮 ,   , 祬  짮⥫. 設⢮  ॡ⥫᪮ ஢  筮 ஬묨 ﬨ ୠ஢  ।⠢  孮  ( 襬 砥)  ᬮ ⨢ ।񭭮 짮⥫.
筮  ୠ   ⨯ ᥩ: ⨢, <hack attempts> (⪨ )  䨪 짮⥫. ⨢    ᥡ ⠪ ᮡ  祭/몫祭  १㧪 ⨧. ஬ ⮣,      ᯨ᮪ ⮪ ⨢ 室.  <⪨ > 筮  ⪨  㯠  ⨧  譥 ᥣ  (WAN).  ⪨ 筮  ࠢ    ⨧,   १⮬ ᪠஢ ⮢ ᥩ .   ࠭ࠬ   ᬮ ᮤন (SPI)  ⠪ ।  뢠 ⥭樠쭮  ⠪, ਬ Denial of Service (DoS) - ⪠  㦨, fragmented packet - ࠣ஢   㣨,    ⠪. , ,  䨪 짮⥫   HTTP, FTP  㣨 ࢨᮢ ୥.
  㯮 ࠭, 䥩 ୠ  設⢠  १砩 , 筮 ।⠢ ᮡ  ᯨ᮪ ᮡ⨩.      ࠭ ୠ  䠩,   ६  㣨 ࠭  ।񭭮 ⢮ ᮡ⨩,   ୠ ९,   ᮡ  㤠, 㯠  .   ⨯ ୠ஢ -  ୠ஢ URL  web-䨪:   砥  ⢮ 饭 - web- ࢥ,  㪠  ᮢ ࠭, ⮬ ᫨  室 ᫥   ࠭,  ᫥  롮஬   প -஢  譨 ࢥ.
 ୠ஢  ࢥ ᯮ  ⮤. প Syslog    設  쭮 ,  ன 饭 ࢥ   syslog.  ࢨ 砫쭮   ⥬ unix,  ᥩ  ⠪ ᨨ  Windows  MacOS. ᫥ ⠭ ࢥ Syslog  ⨧ ।  ୠ,  ⥬  ࠡ뢠 ࠧ묨 ணࠬ.
ன ⮤ -  SNMP trap.  ন  ୮ ਨ ⨧஢ Linksys,    ⠪  ⢮ ணࠬ.  ࠡ ᯮ ।   ⮪ SNMP.
, ,  ⨧ (筮  ࠭ࠬ SPI) ন ࠢ ।०  ᮮ饭  ⠪  ஭ .   ⨧ ࠢ ᮮ饭  㦥 ⮪   ୥,  뫪  ᮮ饭 ୠ  ᯨᠭ. 쬠 㤮, ᮡ  ,  筮 뢠 ॣ୮ ᬠਢ ୠ ᮡ⨩.
⨧ (Routing).  , 騥 믮  ⨧ (-NAT).    ⮣, ⮡  ᪮쪨 ࠬ ᯮ짮  IP-  㯠  ୥, ⨧  । 䨪    쭮 , 騥 ॠ IP- (뤠 ஢஬).   祢 㭪権  ⮨  ⮬,    ॠ묨 IP-ᠬ   뢠  ᥬ 㣨 ࠬ  ୥. ⢥,  ⮬ 室   設 㠫쭮.
   ⨯ ᮡ⥩, ⭮  ⨧樨. ᪠ ⨧ ॡ 㪠 ଠ樨   .
᪠ ⨧ ᯮ ⮪ RIP (Routing Information Protocol)  ⮬᪮ 祭 ⮢  㣨 ன, ᯮ  ⮪.
஢ ᮢ ping ᭠㦨 (Discard WAN ping, Stealth mode).   ᭮ ⥩  ணࠬ-᪠஢ ⮢ -  뫪  ᫥㥬   ping  ᫥饥  ⢥. 砫쭮  ping ᯮ  ⨪ 裡  㤠 ஬,  ⥯ ping ᯮ   㦥 ⨢ ஢.   ஢  ping -  १  ⨧  㤥   ⢥.
񭭮 ஢ (Remote Administration).  稨 ⮩   ࠧ ⨢ 室  譥 ᥣ (WAN  ୥).  祭 㤮 ᯮ짮  ⮬ 砥, ᫨   室  ࠧꥧ,   室   ன ⨧,  ᫨  ⢥砥  ࠡ ࠧ ᪮쪨 ⨧஢, ᯮ  ࠧ . ᫨ ⠪  筮 ,   ।⠢ ⥭樠 ᭮ -   諥 ⮦     襩 쭮 , ⮬ ᫥ 롨 ⨧, ᯥ稢騥 ᨬ  ⨢ 㯠.  , ⮨ ࠭ ⨢ , ࠧ訢  ⮫쪮   IP-   㯯 ᮢ.   㤥    , ᯮ㥬  祭  ᮫ ஢ -   㭪 砥 ⭮⥫쭮 ।.    祭 㯠 諥 室 㤥 㧭  ⮫쪮 IP- ⨧,   , ᯮ㥬 ᮫ ஢.
ࢥ  (PrintServer).  㭪 ਮ५ ୮  ன  ⨧஢ Barricade  SMC.    ਭ  ࠫ ⮬  ⨧,     .  ࠧ,     ࠡ  㯭 -  , , ஬ ⮣,   ⠭ ਭ   㤮 . 設⢮   ࢥࠬ   讥 ⢮  (࠭稢 ࠧ ⠥ 䠩),   ࠡ  MacOS,   ন 㭪樨 㭠ࠢ ।   LPT-.  楫, ࢥ  -  , ᮡ  ⮬ ⮣,   ᮢᥬ ⥫쭮 㢥稢 ⮨ ன⢠.
MTU.  ࠬ   ࠬ Maximum Transmission Unit  ⨧.  ᭮     ,  ᯮ ᮥ PPPoE,   , ⠥ ந ᮥ VPN,    㣮 ६. 室   ࠬ 맢 ன ⥩  ஢஢. ஡ 㧭  ⮬,  祬 ਢ ⠪    ᠩ speedguide.net, ⥬  ,  ⠥,    ⮨   ࠬ   ,  ஢  ந⥫  ᮢ  ᤥ.



 ࠭  㡮,   Wi-Fi

 938 22 18, . ୠ᪮, 6, . 1, . , - 12.00   ᫥ 
 209 59 51, ஢, 30/7, 室  ஢᪮ 좠, . 客᪠ 㣫筮
 <5 ⮢>, 299 26 00, -䠫쭠, 22/31, . 类᪠, - 12.00-0.00, - 12.00-5.00
 <2>, 209 99 09, 209 99 18, ., 8, . 类᪠, - 12.00   ᫥ 
 <ଥ>, 959 33 03, ᪠ ., 4/5, . 类᪠, - 12.00-5.00, - 18.00-6.00
 <⨭᪨>, 202 05 70, 202 05 67, ⮦, 3/14, . ய⪨᪠ - 12.00-0.00
 < >, 432 99 81,432 57 78, . ୠ᪮, 53, . ᯥ ୠ᪮, -,  12.00-0.00, - 12.00-6.00
 <࠭ ਠ>, 291 60 63, ਭ᪨ ., 9/5, . ய⪨᪠, - 12.00-23.00
 <ਫ >, 246 12 72, 좠 ⮣, 18 (  <->), .  , - 12.00-0.00, - 12.00-5.00, 㫨-, - 12.00-5.00
 <>, 953 72 36, .稭᪨ ., 24, . 4, . 㧭檠, - 19.00-23.30
 <ॢ >, 230 23 01, ᪠, 11, . 檠, - 12.00-0.00
 < >, 152 25 52, ࠤ᪨ ., 62, . ய, - 8.00-23.00
 <⠫ﭥ>, 688 64 01, 688 56 51, 筠, 13, . ⭮ 좠, - 12.00   ᫥ 
 <ࢠ>, 783 12 34, , 4, . <  >, 10 ⠦, . 㧭檨 ,  , ࠫ쭠, - 12.00-2.00
 <䥬>, 924 00 75, ⢥, 6/9, . 1, . 㧭檨 , - 8.00-23.00
 <䥬>, 229 39 01, .᪠, 13, . ᠭ஢᪨ ᠤ, ࡠ᪠, - 8.00-1.00
 <䥬>, 290 01 41, ਭ᪠ ., 46/54, . ਪ, ᭮᭥᪠, - 8.00-1.00
 <>, 209 14 94, ᪠, 18, . 誨᪠, ᪠, 客᪠, 㣫筮
 <嬥>, 953 41 98, ⭨檠, 47, . 3, . 㧭檠, 类᪠, - 11.00-23.00
 <->, , 209 58 92, ᪠, 20/1, . 1, . 誨᪠, ᪠, 客᪠, - 11.00-5.00
 <>, 775 19 59, ஢, 5, -業 <૨᪨ >, 1 ⠦, . 㧭檨 ,  , -,  10.00-0.00, - 9.00-6.00
 <>, (  䮩 ⥠), 933 59 02, ᥭ -, 7 . 1, . 뫠᪮, - 10.00-0.00
 < >, 229 23 73, ᪠, 17, . ᪠, - 11.00-5.00
 <ய>, 299 79 74, -䠫쭠, 4/10, . 类᪠, 㣫筮
 <堭 ᪮>, 241 31 32, 244 73 87, ᪠ .,
9/1, . ᪠, -,  12.00-23.00, - 12.00-2.00
 <⠭ >, 269 16 47, ᠪ᪠, 29, . 쭨, - 7.00-23.00, - 8.00-22.00
 <>, 243 56 88, 243 70 15, 㧮᪨ ., 4/2, . ᪠, - 12.00-0.00
 < >, 937 81 00, 937 82 61, ᪠ ., 3, ᪨ ᠦ, 1  2 ⠦, . ᪠, - 10.00-22.00
 <ࠩ>, 291 87 52, .ࡠ, 22, . ࡠ᪠, ᪠, 㣫筮
 < >, 256 14 87, 256 14 28, 256 14 26, 㫨᪠, 5/1, . 6, .  1905 , -,  12.00-0.00, - 12.00-3.00
 <>, 937 56 30, 200 49 86, 襢᪠, 7, . 誨᪠, ᪠, 客᪠, - 12.00-0.00
 <ਭ >, 259 13 73, 259 02 15, 259 07 00, ⮢᪨ ., 2, . 1, .  1905 , - 11.00-1.00, - 13.00-1.00
 <쪮>, 777 33 00,  ., 11, . ᪠, - 12.00-2.00
 <⨩ >, 924 16 20, .ઠ᪨ ., 13, . 頤 樨, - 9.00-23.00, - 12.00-23.00
 <ਢ>, 209 65 23,.஭, 20, . 类᪠, 誨᪠, ᪠, 客᪠, - 12.00-23.00
 <>, 797 43 33, 襪, 7, . 类᪠, - 12.00-2.00
 < >, 205 20 56, ᪨ -, 7, . 1, . ᪠, - 11.00-0.00, - 11.00-1.00
 <>, 783 68 68, ᭨檨 ., 2/1, .  , -,  12.00-0.00, - 12.00-5.00
 <>, 241 06 20, ࡠ, 29, . ࡠ᪠, - 9.00-23.00
 <>, 200 13 37, .஢, 30/1, . 誨᪠, - 9.00-0.00
 <>, 254 76 36, .㧨᪠, 2/12, . ਪ, ᭮᭥᪠, 㣫筮
 <>, 951 37 03, ⮢᪨ ., 10, . 1, . 类᪠, 㣫筮
 <>, 249 03 18, 㧮᪨ ., 24, . 㧮᪠, 㣫筮
 <>, 680 85 15, . , 29, . ᯥ , 㣫筮
 <>, 924 28 43, ᭨檠, 24/7, .  , 㣫筮
 <>, 203 12 61, .᪠, 14, .  , - 8.00-0.00, - 8.00-1.00
 <>, 973 26 96, ᫮᪠, 36, . ᫮᪠, 㣫筮
 <>, 238 27 34, ., 58/2, . ᪠, 㣫筮
 <⮫>, 246 02 53, ᪠ ., 25-27, . ᪠, - 12.00  ᫥ 
 <Amazonia>, 209 96 06, ⭮ -, 14, . 誨᪠, - 12.00-6.00
 <American Bar & Grill>, 912 36 15, 912 36 21, ﭮ , 59, . ᪠, ᪠, - 10.00-2.00
 <American Bar& Grill>, 250 95 25, 251 79 99, 1- ᪠-᪠, 2, . 1, . 类᪠, 㣫筮
 <American Bar & Grill>, 276 40 96, ஭殢᪠, 50, . ஫᪠, -,  10.00-2.00, - 10.00-5.00
 <American Bar & Grill>, 956 48 43, ஢ࠤ᪠, . 14,  < >, 2 ⠦, . , - 10.00-0.00
 <Big Pig Pub>, 206 82 63, ᥩ, 3/13, . ⠩-த, 㣫筮
 <Book>, 200 03 56, -筠, 13, . ⭮ 좠, - 11.00-2.00
 <Cfenet> (୥-), 145 15 06, ᫠᪠, 24, . 1, . ⨮᪠, 㣫筮, 孨᪨  8.00-9.30
 <Delifrance>, 299 42 84, ᪠, 31, . 类᪠, -,  9.00-23.00, - 9.00-23.30
 <F1> (୥-), 772 38 51, ᪠, 17 ( ⥠ <5 ->), . 뭮, - 11.00  ᫥ 
 <Fame Cafe>, 250 00 46, 1- ᪠-᪠, 9, . 2, . 类᪠, 㣫筮
 <FAQ-Cafe>, 229 08 27,  ., 9, .2, .  , - 12.00-6.00
 <Hard Rock Cafe>, 244 89 70, 241 98 53, 205 83 26, ࡠ, 44/1, . ᪠, - 8.00-23.00
 <II Patio>, 290 50 70, ᪠, 3, . ᪠, - 11.00-23.00
 <II Patio>, 298 25 30, 宭, 13, . ய⪨᪠, - 12.00-0.00
 <Infinity>, 255 90 56, 255 90 80, 㦨᪠, 15, . ᭮᭥᪠, - 11.00-6.00
 <Le Club>, 915 10 42, .饢᪠, 21, . ᪠, - 12.00-0.00
 <Le Gateau>, 937 56 78, ᪠, 23, . ᪠, - 9.00-1.00
 <Loft>, 933 77 13, ᪠, 25,  <⨫>, 6 ⠦, . 㧭檨 , - 9.00-0.00
 <Monterosso>, 912 58 62, ᪠ ., 10/2, . ᪠, 㣫筮
 <Nixcafe>, 221 18 10, 1- ᪠, 18,  <᪨>, . 񫮢᪠, 㣫筮
 <No name>, 299 97 02, ᪠, 27, . 2, . 类᪠, 㣫筮
 <R & B Cafe>, 203 60 08, ஢쪮᪨ ., 19, . 2, . ᠭ஢᪨ ᠤ, ࡠ᪠
 <Starlite Diner>, 290 96 38, ., 16, . 类᪠, 㣫筮
 <Starlite Diner>, 959 89 19, ஢ , 9, . 뭨᪠, ᪠, 㣫筮
 <TimeOnline> (୥-), 254 95 78, .쥢-᪨ ., 7, . ᪠, 㣫筮
 <TimeOnline> (୥-), 254 95 78,  ., 1, . 2,  < >, .  , 㣫筮
 <Snob's>, 775 23 10, 1- 뤥᪨ ., 3, . ய⪨᪠, - 12.00-0.00
 <T.G.I. Friday's>, 238 32 00, 238 08 80, ᪨ ., 1/2, . 1, . ᪠, - 10.00-0.00, - 12.00-0.00
 <T.G.I. Friday's>, 200 39 21, ᪠, 18/2, . 誨᪠, ᪠, 客᪠, - 12.00-1.00
 <T.G.I. Friday's>, 970 11 86, ﭮ , 33,  <>, 1  2 ⠦, . ᪠, - 12.00-0.00
 <T.G.I. Friday's>, 780 79 22, ᫮᪠, 3, . ᫮᪠, ᪠, - 12.00-0.00
 <T.G.I. Friday's>, 779 42 10, 779 42 11, ਡ줨, 23,  <ࠬ>, .  誨, - 12.00-0.00

ய
 ய , 504 02 74, 504 02 64,  㭠த 뫥, VIP-,    2 ⠦
 ய ६쥢, 730 68 10 (࠭), ࠭ T.G.I. Friday's

⨭
  ᪨, 230 65 00, ,1, . 类᪠
  -⥫, 933 05 33, ஢᪮ ., 10, . ஢᪮-㬮᪠
 ਭ-, 933 04 00,  ., 6/1, . 檠
 ਮ ࠭-⥫, 937 00 00, ᪠, 26/1, 1 ⠦, . 类᪠
 ਮ  , 937 10 00, ஢, 11/20, . ࠫ쭠
 ਮ ᪠, 258 30 00, 290 99 00, 1- ᪠-᪠, 34, . ᪠
 樮, 258 70 00, 258 70 68, 258 71 70, 客, 15/1, . 1, .  , ࠫ쭠
 , 209 22 15, 209 22 25, ., 5/1, . 类᪠
 ᠭ ᪢, 931 90 00, 931 98 33, ᪨ ., 18/1, . ᯥ 
 ᮭ  ᪠, 941 80 20, . ய, 2, . ᪠
 ﭠ, 721 25 00, ६ﭭ ., 11, . 檠, 客᪠
 ⮭ , 931 97 00, 1- ᪠-᪠, 19, . ᪠, 类᪠



᮪ ᯮ짮 ਠ

⥢ ⥫   ࠧ祭.  砩
⢮ !  ࠬ
 . ࣨ 訫
஢ .   . ᠭ ⪨
쭠   쭮 .  ଠ
 㪠.  ⮢
Wi-Fi  ࠪ⨪. ⠭⨭ 
஢ 孮.  
⥪ ஢ ⥩ PCTEL: 饬 窨 㯠. ३ ஢᪨, ਩ 
㪮⢮  襭 ஡: ன /⥫ WDS.  
㪮⢮  襭 ஡:  ஢    .  
롨ࠥ   Wi-Fi.  ଠ
  ஢ ⥢ .  
Wi-Fi  ᠬ:   ஢! ३ ஢᪨
㪮⢮ <⥢>: Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA).  
⨧: ⪨ ࠢ筨  ନ  㭪.  
  ஢ ⨧.  , ᥫ ,  ⥫
Wi-Fi  㦡 . ᫠ 娭
 孮 Bluetooth.  ᥢ
⥭  ன ஢ .  
஢ ன⢠:  ᤥ ࠢ 롮.  ᥢ
㭪樮஢ ன Wi-Fi  䨧᪮ ஢. 





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